Human and animal studies have shown that exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous work showed that developmental dieldrin exposure increased neuronal susceptibility to…
The Society of Toxicology announces the development of a Learning Framework (https://www.toxicology.org/education/docs/SOT-Toxicology-Learning-Objectives.pdf ) for undergraduate toxicology that will facilitate the development and sharing of…
BACKGROUND: Target-homing drug delivery systems are now gaining significant traction for use as novel therapeutic approaches in antitumor targeting for cancer therapy. Numerous targeted drug delivery systems have been designed to improve the…
PURPOSE: Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-ADR) agonists are used clinically for a range of indications including reducing elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Animal experiments show that…
Deficits in learning and memory are often associated with disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis, which is regulated by numerous processes, including precursor cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation to mature neurons. Recent…
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a significant contributor to neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Recently, we reported that repeated exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin caused ER stress in the hippocampus of adult mice,…
Rate constant estimation with heavy water requires a long-term experiment with data collection at multiple time points (3-4 weeks for mitochondrial proteome dynamics in mice and much longer in other species). When tissue proteins are analyzed, this…
Purpose: Reoxygenation after hypoxia can increase reactive oxygen species and upregulate autophagy. We determined, for the first time, the impact of elevated IOP on hypoxia induction, superoxide accumulation, and autophagy in a bead model of…
Metabolic dysfunction accompanies neurodegenerative disease and aging. An important step for therapeutic development is a more sophisticated understanding of the source of metabolic dysfunction, as well as to distinguish disease-associated changes…
Aims: Metformin is a commonly prescribed anti-hyperglycaemic pharmacological agent, and it remains a staple in the management of type II diabetes. In addition to metformin's glucose lowering effects, research has indicated that metformin inhibits…
Aims Metformin is a commonly prescribed anti-hyperglycaemic pharmacological agent, and it remains a staple in the management of type II diabetes. In addition to metformin's glucose lowering effects, research has indicated that metformin inhibits…
We examined the effect of mild hyperglycemia on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and kinetics in diet-controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (2)H2O-labeling coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to quantify HDL cholesterol…
Guideline-recommended anticoagulation is frequently omitted in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) for reasons not fully understood, which may result in suboptimal care. A nationally representative, expert group of physicians…
Clozapine use has declined, despite its superior antipsychotic efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Implications for clozapine underutilization include suboptimal treatment outcomes and increased hospitalizations. Many barriers preventing…
A therapeutic strategy that can combat the multifaceted nature of neuroinflammation pathology was investigated. Thus, we fabricated PEG-PdLLA polymersomes and evaluated the efficacy in co-delivery of simvastatin (Sim, as a repurposed…
We recently evaluated the suitability of polymersome delivery systems in simvastatin repurposing for treating neuroinflammation. The goal of the current study is to elucidate the therapeutic impact of particulate internalization by activated…
Altered lipid metabolism and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even though high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a CVD protective marker, is decreased, whether…
In creating medical marijuana laws, state governments signal to the public that marijuana can safely and effectively treat a wide range of diseases. In many cases, these state approvals overestimate the benefits of marijuana and understate the risks.…
In creating medical marijuana laws, state governments signal to the public that marijuana can safely and effectively treat a wide range of diseases. In many cases, these state approvals overestimate the benefits of marijuana and understate the risks.…
Excessive alcohol (ethanol) consumption negatively impacts social, emotional, as well as cognitive function and well-being. Thus, identifying behavioral and/or biological predictors of excessive ethanol consumption is important for developing…
Lacking fur, living in eusocial colonies and having the longest lifespan of any rodent, makes naked mole-rats (NMRs) rather peculiar mammals. Although they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, skeletal plasticity are considered a novel model to …
BACKGROUND:: The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guidelines, which identified four groups of patients at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, departed from the target-based approach to…
This short report describes the relationships between concentrations of ceramides (CER), diacylglycerols (DAG), triacylglycerols (TAG) in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles, and hepatic lipid accumulation. VLDL particles were isolated…
Astrocytes are the main homeostatic cell of the central nervous system. In addition, astrocytes mediate an inflammatory response when reactive to injury or disease known as astrogliosis. Astrogliosis is marked by an increased expression of glial…
Increased pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels and proliferation of activated microglia have been found in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and animal models of PD, suggesting that targeting of the microglial inflammatory response may result in…
Introduction: Dextromethorphan (DXM), an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, may have ketamine-like antidepressant effects. Dextromethorphan is extensively metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, and its half-life in extensive metabolizers…
Animal models that accurately recapitulate the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions, progressive neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system and motor deficits can be useful tools for Parkinson's disease (PD) research. The preformed…
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cardiac hypertrophy is a key pathologic process in heart failure. Songling Xuemaikang Capsule (SXC), is a formulae of Chinese Medicine commonly used in China to treat hypertension and heart failure. However, its…
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a robust inflammatory response mediated by plaque-associated myeloid cells of the brain. These cells exhibit altered gene expression profiles and serve as a barrier, preventing neuritic dystrophy. The origin…
BACKGROUND: Studies involving the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) liraglutide have shown reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), weight, and insulin requirements in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) requiring high-dose …
