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Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00049-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00049-x</a>
Pages
483–489
Issue
6
Volume
6
Dublin Core
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Title
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Response error in self-reported current smoking frequency by black and white established smokers.
Publisher
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Annals of epidemiology
Date
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1996
1996-11
Subject
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*African Americans; *European Continental Ancestry Group; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bias; Cotinine/*analysis; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking/*epidemiology/ethnology; Surveys and Questionnaires
Creator
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Clark P I; Gautam S P; Hlaing W M; Gerson L W
Description
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As compared with white smokers, black smokers, although they report using fewer cigarettes per day, are at higher risk for most smoking-related diseases. Among black smokers serum cotinine levels are also higher in proportion to cigarettes per day; this observation has led to suggestions of bias in self-reporting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the extent of errors in self-reported smoking patterns among black and white established smokers. Ninety-seven white and 66 black smokers participated in structured telephone interviews, filled out two self-administered questionnaires one week apart, and collected all of their cigarette butts for a week. Group differences in the validity of self-reported smoking patterns were assessed by comparison with cigarette butt counts and the measured butt lengths. Both black and white smokers significantly overestimated smoking on our measure of smoking frequency (both P \textless 0.001); the group difference in bias was not significant (P = 0.13). There was no evidence that underreporting was more common among blacks than among whites (P = 0.67). Test-retest reliability was not significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.09). Both groups performed poorly when asked to categorize their smoking frequency according to the cutpoints of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Black smokers smoked more of each cigarette and smoked longer cigarettes, but they smoked fewer total millimeters of cigarettes per day (all P \textless 0.001). Contrary to an earlier report, the disproportionately high cotinine levels could not be attributed to reporting error.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00049-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00049-x</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*African Americans
*European Continental Ancestry Group
1996
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Annals of epidemiology
Bias
Clark P I
Cotinine/*analysis
Female
Gautam S P
Gerson L W
Hlaing W M
Humans
Incidence
Male
Reproducibility of Results
Smoking/*epidemiology/ethnology
Surveys and Questionnaires