1 40 2 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. URL Address <a href="http://doi.org/10.2307/30141026" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.2307/30141026</a> Pages 232–235 Issue 4 Volume 17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Risk factors associated with Clostridium difficile diarrhea in hospitalized adult patients: a case-control study–sucralfate ingestion is not a negative risk factor. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Infection control and hospital epidemiology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996 1996-04 Subject The topic of the resource Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ohio; Adolescent; Aged; Hospitalization; Case-Control Studies; Feces/microbiology; *Clostridium difficile; Diarrhea/*epidemiology/microbiology; Sucralfate/*administration & dosage; 80 and over; Enterocolitis; Pseudomembranous/*epidemiology/microbiology Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Watanakunakorn P W; Watanakunakorn C; Hazy J Description An account of the resource OBJECTIVES: To assess risk factors associated with Clostridium difficile diarrhea in hospitalized adult patients, and to test the hypothesis that sucralfate ingestion is associated with nondetection of C difficile cytotoxin in stool specimens. DESIGN: A retrospective case-control study of hospitalized adult patients who had stool specimens assayed for C difficile cytotoxin. For each patient who had positive C difficile cytotoxin, a patient who had negative C difficile cytotoxin was used as a control. The study period was January to December 1993. SETTING: A community teaching hospital affiliated with a medical school in northeastern Ohio. RESULTS: There were 91 case patients and 91 control patients. Cephalosporin exposure was identified as a risk factor in patients with C difficile diarrhea. The number of patients who had sucralfate ingestion was comparable in both groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of cephalosporins was identified as a risk factor in patients with C difficile diarrhea. We were not able to confirm a recent report of the association between ingestion of sucralfate and nondetection of C difficile cytotoxin in stool specimens. Our findings suggest that sucralfate ingestion is not associated with nondetection of C difficile cytotoxin in stool specimens. Assay of C difficile cytotoxin in stool specimens remains a valid method of diagnosing C difficile diarrhea, even in patients who ingest sucralfate. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://doi.org/10.2307/30141026" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.2307/30141026</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s). *Clostridium difficile 1996 80 and over Adolescent Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Diarrhea/*epidemiology/microbiology Enterocolitis Feces/microbiology Female Hazy J Hospitalization Humans Infection control and hospital epidemiology Male Middle Aged Ohio Pseudomembranous/*epidemiology/microbiology Sucralfate/*administration & dosage Watanakunakorn C Watanakunakorn P W Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. URL Address <a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000232" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000232</a> Pages 1484–1493 Issue 6 Volume 76 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Timing and type of surgical treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The journal of trauma and acute care surgery Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 2014-06 Subject The topic of the resource *Clostridium difficile; *Practice Guidelines as Topic; *Societies; *Traumatology; Clostridium Difficile; Clostridium Infections – Epidemiology; Clostridium Infections – Microbiology; Clostridium Infections – Surgery; Clostridium Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/*surgery; Cross Infection – Epidemiology; Cross Infection – Microbiology; Cross Infection – Surgery; Cross Infection/epidemiology/microbiology/*surgery; Human; Humans; Incidence; Medical; Medical Organizations; Meta Analysis; Operative Time; Practice Guidelines; Survival – Trends; Survival Rate/trends; Systematic Review; Time Factors; Traumatology; United States; United States/epidemiology Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ferrada Paula; Velopulos Catherine G; Sultan Shahnaz; Haut Elliott R; Johnson Emily; Praba-Egge Anita; Enniss Toby; Dorion Heath; Martin Niels D; Bosarge Patrick; Rushing Amy; Duane Therese M Description An account of the resource BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the United States; however, few patients will develop fulminant C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD), necessitating an urgent operative intervention. Mortality for patients who require operative intervention is very high, up to 80% in some series. Since there is no consensus in the literature regarding the best operative treatment for this disease, we sought to answer the following:PICO [population, intervention, comparison, and outcome] Question 1: In adult patients with CDAD, does early surgery compared with late surgery, as defined by the need for vasopressors, decrease mortality?PICO Question 2: In adult patients with CDAD, does total abdominal colectomy (TAC) compared with other types of surgical intervention decrease mortality? METHODS: A subcommittee of the Practice Management Guideline Committee of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for the selected questions. RevMan software was used to generate forest plots. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology was used to rate the quality of the evidence, using GRADEpro software to create evidence tables. RESULTS: Reduction in mortality was significantly associated with early surgery, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.72). The quality of evidence was rated "moderate." Considering only the first procedure performed, mortality seemed to trend higher for TAC, with an RR of 1.11 (95% CI, 0.69-1.80). Considering only the actual procedure performed, the point estimate switched sides, showing a trend toward decreased mortality with TAC (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.56-1.31). The quality of evidence was rated "very low." CONCLUSION: We strongly recommend that adult patients with CDAD undergo early surgery, before the development of shock and need for vasopressors. We conditionally recommend total or subtotal colectomy (vs. partial colectomy or other surgery) when the diagnosis of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is known. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000232" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/TA.0000000000000232</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s). *Clostridium difficile *Practice Guidelines as Topic *Societies *Traumatology 2014 Bosarge Patrick Clostridium difficile Clostridium Infections – Epidemiology Clostridium Infections – Microbiology Clostridium Infections – Surgery Clostridium Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/*surgery Cross Infection – Epidemiology Cross Infection – Microbiology Cross Infection – Surgery Cross Infection/epidemiology/microbiology/*surgery Dorion Heath Duane Therese M Enniss Toby Ferrada Paula Haut Elliott R Human Humans Incidence Johnson Emily Martin Niels D Medical Medical Organizations Meta Analysis Operative Time Praba-Egge Anita Practice Guidelines Rushing Amy Sultan Shahnaz Survival – Trends Survival Rate/trends systematic review The journal of trauma and acute care surgery Time Factors Traumatology United States United States/epidemiology Velopulos Catherine G