Improving outcomes and secondary prevention for stroke survivors: A care management model
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Allen K; Hazelett S; Jarjoura D; Wickstrom G; Wright K; Weinhardt J; Hua K
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2001
2001-04
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Treatment of ALS with pleconaril.
Humans; Male; Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*drug therapy; Oxadiazoles/*therapeutic use
Ansevin C F
Neurology
2001
2001-03
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.56.5.691" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1212/wnl.56.5.691</a>
Necrobiosis lipoidica - Indolent plaques may signal diabetes
General & Internal Medicine; agents
Bello Y M; Phillips T J
Postgraduate Medicine
2001
2001-03
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2001.03.895" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3810/pgm.2001.03.895</a>
Analysis of fluorescently labeled substance P analogs: binding, imaging and receptor activation.
BACKGROUND: Substance P (SP) is a peptide neurotransmitter found in central and peripheral nerves. SP is involved in the control of smooth muscle, inflammation and nociception. The amino acid sequence of SP is Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. Five different forms of fluorescently labeled SP have recently been synthesized, in which Alexa 488, BODIPY Fl, fluorescein, Oregon Green 488 or tetramethylrhodamine has been covalently linked to SP at Lys3. Here, these novel analogs are characterized as to their ligand binding, receptor activation and fluorescence labeling properties. RESULTS: Competition binding studies, using radiolabeled [125I] SP, revealed that all of the labeled forms of SP, except for Alexa 488-SP, effectively competed with radiolabeled SP for binding at the rat SP receptor. With the exception of Alexa 488-SP, all of the SP analogs produced Ca++ elevations and fluorescence labeling of the SP receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In SP-responsive neurons, BODIPY Fl-SP and Oregon Green
Bennett Vicki J; Simmons Mark A
BMC chemical biology
2001
1905-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Implementing Basic Informatics In A Residency Training Program
Dermatology
Bhatia A C; Davis B R; Brodell R T; Crock R D
Archives of Dermatology
2001
2001-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Implementing Basic Informatics In A Residency Training Program
Dermatology
Bhatia A C; Davis B R; Brodell R T; Crock R D
Archives of Dermatology
2001
2001-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
An Update On Technology Used In Dermatology Residency Training Programs
Dermatology
Bhatia A; Kostuchenko P; Brodell R; Davis B; Nunley J; Garrett A; Mazmanian P
Archives of Dermatology
2001
2001-08
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
An Update On Technology Used In Dermatology Residency Training Programs
Dermatology
Bhatia A; Kostuchenko P; Brodell R; Davis B; Nunley J; Garrett A; Mazmanian P
Archives of Dermatology
2001
2001-08
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Intranasal lidocaine for the treatment of migraine headache: a randomized, controlled trial.
Administration; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics; Confidence Intervals; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Intranasal; Lidocaine/*administration & dosage; Local; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine without Aura/diagnosis/*drug therapy; Ohio; Pain Measurement; Patient Satisfaction; Reference Values; Severity of Illness Index; Teaching; Treatment Outcome
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intranasal lidocaine for immediate relief (5 minutes) of migraine headache pain. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at two university-affiliated community teaching hospitals enrolled patients 18-50 years old with migraine headache as defined by the International Headache Society. Patients who were pregnant, lactating, known to abuse alcohol or drugs, or allergic to one of the study drugs, those who used analgesics within two hours, or those with a first headache were excluded. Statistical significance was assessed by using chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. Patients rated their pain on a 10-centimeter visual analog scale (VAS) prior to drug administration and at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after the initial dose. Medication was either 1 mL of 4% lidocaine or normal saline (placebo) intranasally in split doses 2 minutes apart and intravenous prochlorperazine. Medications were packaged so physicians and patients were unaware of the contents. Successful pain relief was achieved if there was a 50% reduction in pain score or a score below 2.5 cm on the VAS. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients received lidocaine and 22 placebo. No significant difference was observed between groups in initial pain scores, 8.4 (95% CI = 7.8 to 9.0) lidocaine and 8.6 (95% CI = 8.0 to 9.2) placebo (p = 0.75). Two of 27 patients (7.4%, 95% CI = 0.8, 24.3) in the lidocaine group and three of 22 patients (13.6%, 95% CI = 2.8 to 34.9) in the placebo group had immediate successful pain relief (p = 0.47), with average pain scores of 6.9 (95% CI = 5.9 to 7.8) and 7.0 (95% CI = 5.8 to 8.2), respectively. No difference in pain relief was detected at subsequent measurements. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that intranasal lidocaine provided rapid relief for migraine headache pain in the emergency department setting.
Blanda M; Rench T; Gerson L W; Weigand J V
Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
2001
2001-04
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb02111.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb02111.x</a>
Principles to guide AHC-community partnerships.
*Community Participation/*methods; Academic Medical Centers/*organization & administration
Boex J R; Henry R C
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
2001
2001-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200102000-00011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/00001888-200102000-00011</a>
Personality and medical specialty choice: Technique orientation versus people orientation
career; students; personality; Psychology; physician; performance; school; residents; medical specialty
The present study investigated a conceptual framework for relating medical specialty choice to personality. The model was tested by examining personality differences among general surgeons, anesthesiologists, and family practice physicians. The 16 Personality Factor questionnaire was administered to 161 physicians (52 general surgeons, 51 anesthesiologists, and 58 family practitioners). Significant differences between group means for medical specialty groups existed for three personality factors and one global factor: Rule-Consciousness, Abstractedness, Vigilance, and Tough-Mindedness. A stepwise discriminant analysis showed that, of the 16 personality factors, Rule-Consciousness and Abstractedness had the greatest power to discriminate among general surgeons, anesthesiologists, and family practitioners. The global factor of Tough-Mindedness had the greatest power to discriminate among general surgeons, anesthesiologists, and family practitioners. These findings coincided with using differences between person-orientation anti technique-orientation to map medical specialties. (C) 2001 Academic Press.
Borges N J; Osmon W R
Journal of Vocational Behavior
2001
2001-02
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1761" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1006/jvbe.2000.1761</a>
Unexplained fever in infants and young children: how to manage.
Child; Infant; Practice Guidelines; Preschool; Bacterial Infections – Diagnosis – In Infancy and Childhood; Fever – Therapy – In Infancy and Childhood; Primary Health Care – In Infancy and Childhood
If an infant 60 days old or younger who presents with unexplained fever (temperature 38 degrees C [100.4 degrees F] or greater) appears ill, evaluate for sepsis, hospitalize, and give parenteral antibiotics. For well-appearing infants whose temperature is 38 degrees ( (100.4 degrees F) or greater, order a complete blood cell count, urinalysis and, when indicated, stool examination. If the peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count is greater than 15,000/microL or less than 5000/miroL, urine contains more than 10 WBCs per high-power field or a dipstick reagent strip is positive, or fecal analysis shows more than 5 WBCs per high-power field, hospitalize the infant, obtain blood and urine cultures, order lumbar puncture, and administer parenteral antimicrobials. Risk criteria for serious bacterial infection are more flexible for children aged 61 days to 36 months: the cutoff temperature is 39 degrees C (102.2 degrees F) or higher, greater reliance is placed on physical examination findings, and laboratory findings can be interpreted with greater leeway. If the WBC count is less than 15,000/miroL, only follow-up is required; if the count is higher, obtain a blood culture and administer a dose of ceftriaxone.
Bower J R; Powell K R
Consultant (00107069)
2001
2001-04-15
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Unexplained fever in infants and young children: when is it serious?
Infant; Body Temperature; Age Factors; Physical Examination; Clinical Assessment Tools; Diagnosis; Newborn; Laboratory; Patient History Taking; Bacterial Infections – Diagnosis – In Infancy and Childhood; Blood – Analysis – In Infancy and Childhood; Fever – Etiology – In Infancy and Childhood; Urinalysis – In Infancy and Childhood
When an infant or child younger than 36 months presents with fever that has no obvious source, the major concern is overlooking a serious bacterial infection. Ask about underlying medical problems, previous hospitalizations, recent infectious contacts, current or recent antibiotic therapy, previous infectious illnesses, and immunization status. Determine whether an infant younger than 60 days was premature, received perinatal antibiotics, or had unexplained hyperbilirubinemia. The cutoff temperature varies by age for fever that signals the need for further evaluation: 38 degrees C (100.4 degrees F) or greater for infants younger than 60 days, and 39 degrees C (102.2 degrees F) or greater for children 60 days to 36 months of age. A white blood cell (WBC) count between 5000/microL and 15,000/microL in infants younger than 60 days indicates a very low risk of serious bacterial infection. In older infants and children who have high fever, a WBC count greater than 15,000/microL raises the relative risk of bacteremia 5-fold.
Bower J R; Powell K R
Consultant (00107069)
2001
2001-04-15
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Enlarging common melanocytic nevi and the diagnosis of malignant melanoma
Dermatology; cutaneous melanoma
Brodell R T
Archives of Dermatology
2001
2001-02
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
The persistent nonhealing ulcer. Could it be basal cell carcinoma?
Humans; Male; Aged; Chronic Disease; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms/complications/*pathology; Ulcer/*etiology; Diagnosis; Carcinoma; Differential; Basal Cell/complications/*pathology; Basal Cell – Diagnosis; Basal Cell – Physiopathology
Brodell R T; Wagamon K
Postgraduate medicine
2001
2001-01
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2001.01.842" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3810/pgm.2001.01.842</a>
Impact of low birth weight on early childhood asthma in the United States
Pediatrics; risk-factors; prevalence; follow-up; severity; infants; responsiveness; socioeconomic-status; bronchial; chronic lung-disease; respiratory morbidity; school-children born
Objective: To estimate the independent contribution of birth weight to asthma prevalence among children younger than 4 years in the United States and to compare the magnitude of its effect on asthma between African American and white children. Design: Cross-sectional analysis using the 1988 National Maternal-infant Health Survey and 1991 Longitudinal Follow-up Survey. Setting: United States. Patients: Eight thousand seventy-one subjects, selected from a randomized, systematic population-based sample and weighted to be nationally representative, who completed both initial and longitudinal follow-up surveys and reported information on asthma diagnosis. Main Outcome Measures: Birth weight and other sociodemographic factors linked to birth outcome were analyzed for independent association with physician-diagnosed asthma by age 3 years. Results: The prevalence of asthma varied by birth weight category: 6.7% in children 2500 g or more at birth, 10.9% in children 1500 to 2499 g at birth, and 21.9% in children less than 1500 g at birth (very low birth weight [VLBW]) (P<.001). Some of the characteristics shown to be independently associated with asthma included: VLBW (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-3.6), moderately low birth weight (OR, 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1-1.8), and African American race (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6-2.4). In stratified analyses, the independent association between VLBW and asthma in white and African American populations was: ORwhite 3.1 (95% CI, 2.24.3) and ORAfrican American, 2.5 (95% CI, 2.0-3.3). The prevalence of VLBW, however, was tripled in African American compared with white children (1.8% vs 0.6%). Conclusions: These data confirm findings of other studies that identify a strong independent association between low birth weight and asthma. For this 1988 national birth cohort, an estimated 4000 excess asthma cases were attributable to birth weight less than 2500 g. Although the strength of the independent association between VLBW and asthma was smaller in the African American population, the substantially increased prevalence of VLBW in this community may contribute to the disproportionately increased prevalence of asthma among African American children.
Brooks A M; Byrd R S; Weitzman M; Auinger P; McBride J T
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
2001
2001-03
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.155.3.401" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1001/archpedi.155.3.401</a>
New hominids from the Lake Turkana Basin, Kenya.
*Fossils; Animals; Femur/physiology; Geologic Sediments; Hominidae/*physiology; Humans; Kenya; Mandible/physiology; Tibia/*physiology
New hominid fossils from the Lake Turkana Basin range in age from ca. 3.35 to ca. 1.0 Ma. Those recovered from sediments stratigraphically just above the Tulu Bor Tuff in the Lomekwi Member of the Nachukui Formation are best attributed to Australopithecus afarensis. This species is rare in Kenya, probably because of the scarcity of sediments deposited during its time span. Younger specimens are referable either to the megadont A. boisei or early Homo. Collectively the new fossils promote further understanding of morphological variation in East African Plio-Pleistocene hominids.
Brown B; Brown F H; Walker A
Journal of human evolution
2001
2001-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2001.0476" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1006/jhev.2001.0476</a>
Hemolytic anemia and benign pelvic tumors - A case report
anemia; Obstetrics & Gynecology; autoimmune; pelvic neoplasms; hemolytic
BACKGROUND: Hemolytic anemia associated with benign pelvic neoplasms is very rare. Sixteen cases have been reported in the English-language literature. CASE: A 27-year-old woman complained of dizziness, fatigue and headache. Physical Examination revealed jaundice and mild tachycardia. Laboratory evaluation indicated intravascular hemolysis, and workups for hematologic and infectious disease etiologies were negative. Multiple blood transfusions and steroids failed. Computed tomography showed a large, complex pelvic mass (10 x 10 x 6 cm). Exploratory laparotomy and excision of bilateral dermoid cysts were performed, and the anemia resolved. The patient was healthy, without recurrence, seven years later. CONCLUSION: It is important to seek to identify pelvic tumors in patients presenting with hemolytic anemia because this condition is often resistant to standard medical therapy and resolves only after removal of the neoplasm. (J Reprod Med 2001;46:401-404).
Buchwalter C L; Miller D; Jenison E L
Journal of Reproductive Medicine
2001
2001-04
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Comparison of mineral characteristics in oim/oim mice and human osteogenesis imperfecta
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Camacho N P; Tivol W; Buttle K; Raggio C L; Doty S B; Landis W J
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
2001
2001-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Is pathological gambling really a problem? – You bet!
Behavior; Gambling; Addictive
Castellani B
Psychiatric Times
2001
2001-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Transcriptional regulation of hum,an sterol 27-hydroxylase gene (CYP27A1) by nuclear receptors
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other; Topics
Chen W L; Chiang J
Faseb Journal
2001
2001-03
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Nuclear receptor-mediated repression of human cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene transcription by bile acids
liver; bile acid synthesis; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; expression; messenger-rna; activation; identification; promoter; cytochrome P450; shp; cyp7a; hepg2 cells; mechanism of gene regulation; orphan receptor
Hydrophobic bile acids strongly repressed transcription of the human cholesterol 7 alpha -hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) in the bile acid biosynthetic pathway in the Ever. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) repressed CYP7A1/Luc reporter activity in a transfection assay in human liver-derived HepG2 cells, but not in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. FXR-binding activity was required for bile acid repression of CYP7A1 transcription despite the fact that FXR did not bind to the CYP7A1 promoter. FXR-induced liver-specific factors must be required for mediating bile acid repression. Bile acids and FXR repressed endogenous CYP7A1 but stimulated a-fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. Feeding of rats with chenodeoxycholic acid repressed CYP7A1, induced FIT, but had no effect on SHP mRNA expression in the liver. FIT strongly repressed CYP7A1 transcription in a dose-dependent manner, and SHP further inhibited CYP7A1 in HepG2 cells, but not in HEK 293 cells. FXR only moderately stimulated SHP transcription, whereas FIT strongly inhibited SHP transcription in HepG2 cells. Results revealed that FTF was a dominant negative factor that was induced by bile acid-activated FXR to inhibit both CYP7A1 and SHP transcription. Differential regulation of FTF and SHP expression by bile acids may explain the wide variation in CYP7A1 expression and the rate of bile acid synthesis and regulation in different species.
Chen W L; Owsley E; Yang Y Z; Stroup D; Chiang J Y L
Journal of Lipid Research
2001
2001-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Nuclear receptor-mediated repression of human cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene transcription by bile acids.
Humans; Animals; Rats; Cell Line; Transfection; Liver/metabolism; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; DNA/metabolism; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/*genetics; Bile Acids and Salts/*pharmacology; *Membrane Glycoproteins; *Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Caco-2 Cells; Carrier Proteins/genetics/physiology; DNA-Binding Proteins/drug effects/genetics/physiology; Gene Expression/*drug effects; Kidney; Luciferases/genetics; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism; Retinoid X Receptors; Taurocholic Acid/pharmacology; Transcription Factors/drug effects/genetics/physiology; Cultured; Receptors; RNA; Genetic/drug effects; Messenger/analysis; Transcription; Genetic; Tumor Cells; Promoter Regions; Embryo; Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/*physiology; Mammalian; Retinoic Acid/genetics/physiology
Hydrophobic bile acids strongly repressed transcription of the human cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) in the bile acid biosynthetic pathway in the liver. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) repressed CYP7A1/Luc reporter activity in a transfection assay in human liver-derived HepG2 cells, but not in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. FXR-binding activity was required for bile acid repression of CYP7A1 transcription despite the fact that FXR did not bind to the CYP7A1 promoter. FXR-induced liver-specific factors must be required for mediating bile acid repression. Bile acids and FXR repressed endogenous CYP7A1 but stimulated alpha-fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. Feeding of rats with chenodeoxycholic acid repressed CYP7A1, induced FTF, but had no effect on SHP mRNA expression in the liver. FTF strongly repressed CYP7A1 transcription in a dose-dependent manner, and SHP further inhibited CYP7A1 in HepG2 cells, but not in HEK 293 cells. FXR only moderately stimulated SHP transcription, whereas FTF strongly inhibited SHP transcription in HepG2 cells. Results revealed that FTF was a dominant negative factor that was induced by bile acid-activated FXR to inhibit both CYP7A1 and SHP transcription. Differential regulation of FTF and SHP expression by bile acids may explain the wide variation in CYP7A1 expression and the rate of bile acid synthesis and regulation in different species.
Chen W; Owsley E; Yang Y; Stroup D; Chiang J Y
Journal of lipid research
2001
2001-09
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Rapid alveolar epithelial fluid clearance following lung lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
injury; liquid clearance; Respiratory System; transport; General & Internal Medicine; catecholamines; anesthetized sheep; channels; edema; mechanisms; resolution; rat lung; alveolar epithelial fluid transport; lung lavage; phospholipoproteinosis pulmonary edema; pulmonary alveolar
Study objective: To measure the in vivo rate of alveolar epithelial fluid clearance of the human lung in patients with pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis (PAP). Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: The medical-surgical ICUs of a university teaching hospital. Patients: Four patients with idiopathic PAP requiring therapeutic lung lavage. Interventions: Large-volume lung lavage with isotonic saline solution using fiberoptic bronchoscopy followed by serial sampling of alveolar fluid using a wedged bronchial catheter. Measurements and results: The rate of alveolar epithelial fluid clearance was calculated by measuring the concentration of protein in sequential samples. Alveolar epithelial fluid clearance over the first hour after lung lavage was 53 +/- 14% (mean +/- SD). Sequential samples in two patients indicated a sustained high rate of clearance over several hours. Plasma and alveolar fluid epinephrine levels were in the normal range in two patients. Conclusions and significance: Alveolar fluid clearance is rapid after lung lavage in patients with PAP and appears to be driven by catecholamine-independent mechanisms. The rapid rate of alveolar epithelial fluid transport explains why patients with PAP tolerate large-volume lung lavage.
Chesnutt M S; Nuckton T J; Golden J; Folkesson H G; Matthay M A
Chest
2001
2001-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.1.271" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1378/chest.120.1.271</a>
Nuclear receptor regulation of the human cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, sterol 27-hydroxylase and sterol 12 alpha-hydroxylase genes in bile acid synthesis
rat; biosynthesis; transcription factor; expression; hepatocytes; messenger-rna; pathway; activation; identification; cyp7a
Chiang J Y L; Chen W; Zhang M; Cowsley E; Yang Y Z
2001
2001
Book/Monograph
n/a
Regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription by the liver orphan receptor (LXR alpha)
bile acid synthesis; expression; Signaling; dietary-cholesterol; Bile acids; pathway; nuclear receptor; nuclear receptors; promoter; Genetics & Heredity; x-receptor; cytochrome P450; gene regulation; reverse cholesterol transport; hepg2 cells; coup-tfii; ligands
The cholesterol 7 alpha -hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) plays an important role in regulation of bile acid biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis. Oxysterol receptor, LXR, stimulates, whereas the bile acid receptor, FXR, inhibits CYP7A1 transcription. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of LXR alpha on the regulation of rat, human and hamster CYP7A1 transcription in its native promoter and cellular context. Cotransfection with LXR alpha and RXR alpha expression plasmids strongly stimulated rat CYP7A1/luciferase reporter activity in HepG2 cells and oxysterol was not required. However, LXR alpha had much less effect on hamster and no significant effect on human CYP7A1 promoter activity in HepG2 cells. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, cotransfection with LXR alpha stimulated reporter activity by less than 2-fold and addition of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol caused a small but significant stimulation of rat, human and hamster CYP7A1 promoter activity. At least two direct repeats of AGGTCA-like sequences with 4-base spacing (DR4) and five-base spacing (DR5), in previously identified bile acid response elements of the rat CYP7A1 were able to bind LXR alpha /RXR alpha and confer LXR alpha stimulation. However, LXR alpha did not bind to the corresponding sequences of the human gene and bound weakly to hamster and mouse DR4 sequences. Therefore, rats and mice have the unusual capacity to convert cholesterol to bile acids by LXR alpha -mediated stimulation of CYP7A1 transcription, whereas other species do not respond to cholesterol and develop hypercholesterolemia on a diet high in cholesterol. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Chiang J Y L; Kimmel R; Stroup D
Gene
2001
2001-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00518-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00518-7</a>
Regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription by the liver orphan receptor (LXRalpha).
Humans; Animals; Binding Sites; Rats; Species Specificity; Transfection; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects; Organ Specificity; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism; Cricetinae; Response Elements; Luciferases/genetics/metabolism; Retinoid X Receptors; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism; Hydroxycholesterols; Liver/physiology; Lovastatin/pharmacology; Mevalonic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology; Nicotinic Acids/pharmacology; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates/pharmacology; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacology; Cells; Cultured; Receptors; Transcription; Genetic; Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism; Steroid/genetics/*metabolism
The cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) plays an important role in regulation of bile acid biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis. Oxysterol receptor, LXR, stimulates, whereas the bile acid receptor, FXR, inhibits CYP7A1 transcription. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of LXRalpha on the regulation of rat, human and hamster CYP7A1 transcription in its native promoter and cellular context. Cotransfection with LXRalpha and RXRalpha expression plasmids strongly stimulated rat CYP7A1/luciferase reporter activity in HepG2 cells and oxysterol was not required. However, LXRalpha had much less effect on hamster and no significant effect on human CYP7A1 promoter activity in HepG2 cells. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, cotransfection with LXRalpha stimulated reporter activity by less than 2-fold and addition of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol caused a small but significant stimulation of rat, human and hamster CYP7A1 promoter activity. At least two direct repeats of AGGTCA-like sequences with 4-base spacing (DR4) and five-base spacing (DR5), in previously identified bile acid response elements of the rat CYP7A1 were able to bind LXRalpha/RXRalpha and confer LXRalpha stimulation. However, LXRalpha did not bind to the corresponding sequences of the human gene and bound weakly to hamster and mouse DR4 sequences. Therefore, rats and mice have the unusual capacity to convert cholesterol to bile acids by LXRalpha-mediated stimulation of CYP7A1 transcription, whereas other species do not respond to cholesterol and develop hypercholesterolemia on a diet high in cholesterol.
Chiang J Y; Kimmel R; Stroup D
Gene
2001
2001-01
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: parathyroid hormone–related protein as a cause.
Aged; Carcinoma; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Hypercalcemia/blood/*etiology; Male; Paraneoplastic Syndromes/blood/etiology/therapy; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; Parathyroid Hormone/blood; Prognosis; Proteins/analysis; Skin Neoplasms/*complications; Squamous Cell/*complications; Treatment Refusal
The second most common cause of hypercalcemia is humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), a condition associated with increased mortality. Although hypercalcemia is usually seen in squamous cell cancers, only 13 cases have been described in association with squamous cell skin cancer, and only 5 of these had characteristics of HHM. We report a case of hypercalcemia due to squamous cell skin cancer confined to the chest wall in a 67-year-old semi-comatose patient. Aggressive treatment with intravenous fluid hydration, furosemide, and etidronate corrected the hypercalcemia. A thorough workup ruled out bone metastasis and confirmed increased parathyroid-related protein, the hallmark of HHM. After regaining consciousness, the patient refused further therapy and subsequently died.
Cisneros G; Lara L F; Crock R; Whittier F C
Southern medical journal
2001
2001-03
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200194030-00010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/00007611-200194030-00010</a>
An interview with Mark Savickas: themes in an eminent career.
PSYCHOLOGY teachers; Mark; SAVICKAS
Presents an interview with Mark Savickas, Chairperson of the Department of Behavioral Sciences at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine. Participation of Savickas at the CRAC/NICE 'At the Cutting Edge' conference; Gratification of Savickas in teaching introductory career course to students; Work of Savickas in the medical college.
Collin Audrey
British Journal of Guidance & Counselling
2001
2001-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/03069880020019428" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/03069880020019428</a>
Effect of aging on the substance P receptor, NK-1, in the spinal cord of rats with peripheral nerve injury.
*Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Aging/*physiology; Animals; Computer-Assisted; Hot Temperature; Image Processing; Immunohistochemistry; Inbred BN; Inbred F344; Neurokinin-1/*metabolism; Rats; Receptors; Spinal Cord/*metabolism; Thermosensing/physiology; Touch/physiology
Substance P (SP) levels in the spinal cords of very old rats are less than the levels in younger rats (Bergman et al., 1996). After injury to a peripheral nerve in young rats, immunoreactivity (ir) to the SP receptor, NK-1 (neurokinin-1), increases in the spinal cord ipsilateral to the injury and the increases are correlated with the development of thermal hyperalgesia (Goff et al., 1998). Thus we postulated that aged rats might display an increased sensitivity to thermal stimulation before peripheral nerve injury and that they might respond differently to injury than do younger rats. To test this hypothesis, we used the Bennett and Xie model (1988) of chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve to induce a neuropathic pain condition. We investigated the effect of age on changes in NK-1 ir in superficial layers of the dorsal horn and on numbers of NK ir cells in deeper laminae at the L4-L5 levels of the spinal cord after CCI.
Cruce W L; Lovell J A; Crisp T; Stuesse S L
Somatosensory & Motor Research
2001
2001
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/08990220020021366" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/08990220020021366</a>
Effect of aging on the substance P receptor, NK–1, in the spinal cord of rats with peripheral nerve injury.
ANIMAL models for aging; INJURIES to the peripheral nervous system; SPINAL cord injuries; SUBSTANCE P
Substance P (SP) levels in the spinal cords of very old rats are less than the levels in younger rats (Bergman et al., 1996). After injury to a peripheral nerve in young rats, immunoreactivity (ir) to the SP receptor, NK-1 (neurokinin-1), increases in the spinal cord ipsilateral to the injury and the increases are correlated with the development of thermal hyperalgesia (Goff et al., 1998). Thus we postulated that aged rats might display an increased sensitivity to thermal stimulation before peripheral nerve injury and that they might respond differently to injury than do younger rats. To test this hypothesis, we used the Bennett and Xie model (1988) of chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve to induce a neuropathic pain condition. We investigated the effect of age on changes in NK-1 ir in superficial layers of the dorsal horn and on numbers of NK ir cells in deeper laminae at the L4-L5 levels of the spinal cord after CCI. NK-1 receptors were tagged immunohistochemically and their distribution quantified by use of computer-assisted image analysis. NK-1 ir changes were related to alterations in thermal and tactile sensitivity that developed after CCI in young, mature and aged (4-6, 14-16, and 24-26 months) Fischer F344 BNF1 hybrid rats. No differences in thermal or tactile sensitivity of young and aged rats were seen in the absence of nerve injury. After injury, aged rats developed thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia more slowly than did the younger rats. NK-1 receptor ir and numbers of NK-1 ir cells in the dorsal horn increased with time post-injury in all three groups. NK-1 ir increases were correlated with the development of thermal hyperalgesia in those rats that displayed hyperalgesia. However, some rats developed an increased threshold to thermal stimuli (analgesia) and that also was correlated with increases in NK-1 ir. Thus NK-1 ir extent, while correlated with thermal sensitivity in the absence of injury, is not a specific marker for disturbances in one particular sensory modality; rather it increases with peripheral nerve injury per se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Cruce William L R; Lovell John A; Crisp Terriann; Stuesse Sherry L
Somatosensory & Motor Research
2001
2001-01-16
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/08990220020021366" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/08990220020021366</a>
Cutaneous Infection With Mycobacterium Xenopi
area; Dermatology; nontuberculous mycobacteria; pulmonary-disease
Cutrona A F; Dixon D M
Cutis
2001
2001-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Testosterone relaxes coronary arteries by opening the large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channel
rat; vasodilation; ion channel; Physiology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; disease; smooth-muscle-cells; aorta; men; Vascular; hormones; androgen; steroid
Cardiovascular diseases are often considered to be a predominantly male health problem, and it has been suggested that testosterone exerts deleterious effects on cardiovascular function; however, few experimental studies support this suggestion. Moreover, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying vascular responses to testosterone is unknown. The present study has investigated the acute effects of testosterone on porcine coronary artery smooth muscle at the tissue and cellular levels. Contractile studies demonstrated that testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (a nonaromatizable metabolite) relaxed these arteries by an endothelium-independent mechanism involving potassium efflux. Direct evidence from patch-clamp studies confirmed that testosterone opened K+ channels in single coronary myocytes, and further analysis identified this protein as the large-conductance, calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BKCa) channel. Moreover, inhibiting BKCa channel activity significantly attenuated testosterone-induced coronary relaxation. These findings indicate that testosterone relaxes porcine coronary arteries predominantly by opening BKCa channels in coronary myocytes, and this response may be associated with accumulation of cGMP. This novel mechanism may provide a better understanding of testosterone-induced vasorelaxation reported in recent experimental and early clinical studies.
Deenadayalu V U P; White R E; Stallone J N; Gao X M; Garcia A J
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
2001
2001-10
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
A patient seeking disability.
Humans; United States; *Disability Evaluation; *Physician's Role
Demeter S L
American Family Physician
2001
2001-01
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Evaluation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in adult +/+ and +/- BDNF mutant mice.
Animals; Body Weight/genetics; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*deficiency/genetics/*metabolism; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism; Dopamine/*metabolism; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Hypothalamus/metabolism; Methamphetamine/pharmacology; Mice; Motor Activity/drug effects/physiology; Mutant Strains; Norepinephrine/metabolism; Olfactory Bulb/metabolism; Organ Specificity; Substantia Nigra/*metabolism; Walking/physiology
Deletion of a single copy of the BDNF gene has been shown to affect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of young adult BDNF mice. In the present report we evaluated various indices of nigrostriatal dopaminergic function between
Dluzen D E; Gao X; Story G M; Anderson L I; Kucera J; Walro J M
Experimental neurology
2001
2001-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.2001.7698" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1006/exnr.2001.7698</a>
Tamoxifen eliminates estrogen's neuroprotective effect upon MPTP-induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.
The capacity for 17-alpha and 17-Beta estradiol to modulate MPTP-induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and potential antagonism of this modulation by the anti-estrogen, tamoxifen, were evaluated. Treatment of retired breeder ovariectomized C57/Bl mice with 17-Beta estradiol diminished the amount of striatal dopamine reduction resulting from MPTP treatment with striatal dopamine concentrations of these 17-Beta estradiol treated mice failing to differ significantly from vehicle treated controls. A combined administration of 17-Beta estradiol with tamoxifen abolished this neuroprotective effect of estrogen as striatal dopamine concentrations of this group were significantly lower than vehicle treated controls. Results to 17-alpha estradiol were less effective since striatal dopamine concentrations of these mice following MPTP treatment were significantly decreased as compared with vehicle controls. In contrast to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, no statistically significant effects of these treatments were observed upon olfactory bulb dopamine concentrations. Taken together, these results show that 17-Beta, but not an equivalent concentration of
Dluzen D E; McDermott J L; Anderson L I
Neurotoxicity research
2001
2001-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf03033268" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf03033268</a>
Tamoxifen diminishes methamphetamine-induced striatal dopamine depletion in intact female and male mice.
Animals; Catecholamines/metabolism; Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*metabolism; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/*pharmacology; Dopamine/*metabolism; Estrogen Antagonists/*pharmacology; Female; Humans; Hypothalamus/metabolism; Inbred Strains; Male; Methamphetamine/*pharmacology; Mice; Neurotoxins/*pharmacology; Olfactory Bulb/metabolism; Organ Size/drug effects; Pituitary Gland/anatomy & histology; Tamoxifen/*pharmacology
It has been demonstrated that the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of male mice is more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA). The basis for this difference can be related to oestrogen, which has the capacity to function as a neuroprotectant against neurotoxins that target the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. We examined the effects of the anti-oestrogen, tamoxifen (TMX), upon MA-induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in intact female and male CD-1 mice. Striatal dopamine concentrations of TMX-treated female and male mice receiving MA were significantly greater than mice receiving MA alone. In female, but not male, mice, oestrogen treatment also resulted in greater striatal dopamine concentrations compared to mice receiving MA alone. Interestingly, male mice treated with oestrogen were particularly sensitive to the acute toxic effects of MA and displayed no evidence of nigrostriatal neuroprotection. The dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratios following MA for female and male mice treated with TMX or females treated with oestrogen were significantly reduced compared to MA-treated mice and oestrogen + MA-treated male mice. No differences among the treatment groups were obtained for dopamine in the hypothalamus or olfactory bulb. These data demonstrate that TMX treatment of intact female and male mice diminishes striatal dopamine depletions to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxin, MA. Oestrogen also displayed this capacity when administered to female, but accentuated acute toxicity in male mice. These effects are relatively specific for the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Such data suggest that TMX can function as a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuroprotectant against MA-induced neurotoxicity in intact female and male mice.
Dluzen D E; McDermott J L; Anderson L I
Journal of neuroendocrinology
2001
2001-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00675.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00675.x</a>
Oxytocin, Norepinephrine And Olfactory Bulb Mediated Recognition
acetylcholine; acid; male-rats; maternal experience; memory; release; responses; sheep; social recognition; vasopressin
Dluzen D E; Shang Y; Landgraf R
2001
2001
Book/Monograph
n/a
Resveratrol Selectively Inhibits Neisseria Gonorrhoeae And Neisseria Meningitidis
Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Docherty J J; Fu M M; Tsai M
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
2001
2001-02
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/jac/47.2.243" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/jac/47.2.243</a>
Beta(2)-adrenergic Receptor Overexpression Increases Alveolar Fluid Clearance And Responsiveness To Endogenous Catecholamines In Rats
a549 cells; adenovirus; alveolar solute transport; beta(2)-adrenergic receptor; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; epithelium; expression; gene transfer; Hematology; inhibitor; lung liquid clearance; mediated gene-transfer; pulmonary edema; stimulation; therapy; transport; ventricular myocytes
Dumasius V; Sznajder J I; Azzam Z S; Boja J; Mutlu G M; Maron M B; Factor P
Circulation Research
2001
2001-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1161/hh2201.100204" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1161/hh2201.100204</a>