Anatomical And Locomotor Specializations Of The Eocene Raoellid Indohyus
Paleontology
Cooper L N; Thewissen J G M; Bajpai S; Tiwari B N
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2009
1905-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
The Trouble With Flippers: A Report On The Prevalence Of Digital Anomalies In Cetacea
abnormalities; bottle-nosed-dolphin; evolution; flipper; forelimb; hyperphalangy; limb; limb malformations; manus; mechanobiology; patterns; polydactyly; polyphalangy; tursiops-truncatus; vertebrate; Zoology
Cooper L N; Dawson S D
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2009
2009-03
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00454.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00454.x</a>
Emergency Medicine And Climate Change
childrens health; Emergency Medicine
Cone D C; Gerson L W; Bono M J
Academic Emergency Medicine
2009
2009-08
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00479.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00479.x</a>
Chemopreventive Effect Of Dietary Resveratrol Against Experimental Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis
Oncology
Bishayee A; Dhir N; Jaradat D; Kalman J
Cancer Research
2009
2009-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Vitamin B-12 Protects Against Superoxide-Dependent Cell Injury
Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology
Moreira E S; Jacobsen D W; Brasch N E; Yun J
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology
2009
2009-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Pili Torti: Clinical Findings, Associated Disorders, and New Insights Into Mechanisms of Hair Twisting
Dermatology; disease; complex; defects; mutations; bcs1l gene
Pili torti is a hair shaft disorder characterized by hair that does not grow long and is easily broken; the hair often has a coarse or spangled appearance. A diagnosis is made by light microscopy of flattened hair twisted 180 degrees along its axis. Although pili torti may be isolated, it is commonly associated with other congenital defects and therefore, if identified, further evaluation for possible neurologic deficits and ectodermal disorders is an important part of the clinical evaluation. Alterations of the inner root sheath likely lead to the abnormal molding and twisting of the hair shaft. More recent research suggests that these alterations may occur in the face of mitochondrial dysfunction and may be influenced by the presence of reactive oxygen species. Cutis. 2009;84: 143-147.
Mirmirani P; Samimi S S; Mostow E
Cutis
2009
2009-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Genes, Environment, Child Care, and Asthma
Pediatrics
McBride J T
Journal of Pediatrics
2009
2009-12
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.07.063" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.07.063</a>
In-hospital levels of C-reactive protein and IL-6 predict post-operative depressive symptoms among patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery
stress; Psychiatry; inflammation; arthroplasty; Neurosciences & Neurology; Immunology; major depression; symptoms; markers; total hip-replacement; coronary-heart-disease; Acute phase proteins; Acute phase proteins; C-reactive protein; Depressive; Interleukin-6; mood; Post-operative outcomes; serum interleukin-6; Total knee replacement surgery
Behavioral changes observed following immune system activation are similar to many of the hallmark symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), including appetite change, lethargy, fatigue, negative mood and anhedonia. Acute phase proteins, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been implicated in the production of sickness behavior, and research has revealed significant differences in the levels of these acute phase proteins between depressed and non-depressed individuals. The current study examined whether early post-operative IL-6 and CRP levels predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in 110 patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery (TKR). In-hospital levels of IL-6 and CRP predicted depressive symptoms at three-months following surgery, as indicated by significant main effects and a significant interaction term. Specifically, lower levels of in-hospital CRP and higher levels of IL-6 in-hospital predicted more depressive symptoms three-months following surgery. The finding that levels of acute phase proteins soon after surgery predict subsequent depressive symptoms, if replicated, extends prior research on the relationships between IL-6, CRP, and depression. Further, this predictive relationship suggests the possibility of early identification of individuals at risk for the subsequent development of post-operative depression. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cremeans-Smith J K; Soehlen S; Greene K; Alexander T; Delahanty D L
Brain Behavior and Immunity
2009
2009-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2009.06.148" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.bbi.2009.06.148</a>
Patients' reasons for electing to undergo total knee arthroplasty impact post-operative pain severity and range of motion
osteoarthritis; pain; Surgery; Psychology; predictors; quality-of-life; replacement; fear; fatigue; Approach-avoidance goals; chronic musculoskeletal pain; Post-operative recovery; Reasoning; Surgical outcome; Total knee arthroplasty
The present study examines the reasons cited by 103 patients for their electing to undergo total knee arthroplastic surgery and the relationship between these reasons and their post-operative pain and range of motion. Results suggest that individuals who describe different reasons for undergoing surgery vary in their post-operative recovery. Specifically, patients who cite pain as the reason they are undergoing surgery report greater levels of pain during the early post-operative period. In contrast, patients who describe goals of regaining mobility or a specific activity as their reason for undergoing surgery achieve a greater range of motion during early post-operative physical therapy. Individuals who express avoidance goals for undergoing total knee arthroplasty report more severe post-operative pain at 1 and 3 months following surgery compared to patients who express approach goals. Interventions targeted towards patients reporting pre-operative pain or avoidance goals may decrease subsequent post-operative pain and increase mobility.
Cremeans-Smith J K; Boarts J M; Greene K; Delahanty D L
Journal of Behavioral Medicine
2009
2009-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9191-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s10865-008-9191-2</a>
Mechanism of FXR regulation of bile acid synthesis
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chiang J Y
Drug Metabolism Reviews
2009
2009-10
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Human herpesvirus 6-related fulminant myocarditis and hepatitis in an immunocompetent adult with fatal outcome
Pathology; infection; Arteritis; Fulminant hepatitis; HHV-6; Myocarditis
A 59-year-old previously healthy man had flulike symptoms of fever and diarrhea for a week, which worsened despite treatment with antibiotics. After admission, his medical condition rapidly deteriorated with renal failure, heart failure, and a marked increase of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The patient died of a cardiac arrhythmia 3 days after the admission. The autopsy showed diffuse myocarditis with a granulocytic and monocytic infiltrate, necrotizing arteritis of the coronary arteries, and fulminant hepatitis, with microvesicular steatosis and necrosis. Cell-free serum showed high copies of human herpesvirus 6 B variant DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Human herpesvirus 6 B was identified in the heart, liver, lung, and spleen by immunohistochemistry. No parvovirus B19 was evident in the heart by immunohistochemistry. Human herpesvirus 6 is increasingly found in association with myocarditis in immunocompromised patients; however, histopathologic features and the clinical severity of this disease have not yet been clearly defined. Only 4 to 5 cases of human herpesvirus 6 fulminant myocarditis have been reported, all in young children or immunosuppressed patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the English literature of human herpesvirus 6 fulminant myocarditis and hepatitis in an immunocompetent adult with a fatal outcome. In addition, several pathologic features of our case have not been previously reported. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chang Y L; Parker M E; Nuovo G; Miller J B
Human Pathology
2009
2009-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2008.08.017" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.humpath.2008.08.017</a>
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Family Negatively Regulates Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via Induction of Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner in Primary Hepatocytes
signaling pathway; mice; hyperglycemia; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; gene-expression; promoter; activated protein-kinase; insulin; diabetic-nephropathy; hepg2 liver-cells; upstream
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is tightly balanced by opposing stimulatory (glucagon) and inhibitory (insulin) signaling pathways. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic growth factor that mediates diverse biological processes. In this study, we investigated the effect of HGF and its family member, macrophage-stimulating factor (MSP), on hepatic gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes. HGF and MSP significantly repressed expression of the key hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme genes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase (Glc-6-Pase) and reduced glucose production. HGF and MSP activated small heterodimer partner (SHP) gene promoter and induced SHP mRNA and protein levels, and the effect of HGF and MSP on SHP gene expression was demonstrated to be mediated via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. We demonstrated that upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1) specifically mediated HGF effect on SHP gene expression, and inhibition of USF-1 by dominant negative USF-1 significantly abrogated HGF-mediated activation of the SHP promoter. Elucidation of the mechanism showed that USF-1 bound to E-box-1 in the SHP promoter, and HGF increased USF-1 DNA binding on the SHP promoter via AMPK and DNA-dependent protein kinase-mediated pathways. Adenoviral overexpression of USF-1 significantly repressed PEPCK and Glc-6-Pase gene expression and reduced glucose production. Knockdown of endogenous SHP expression significantly reversed this effect. Finally, knockdown of SHP or inhibition of AMPK signaling reversed the ability of HGF to suppress hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha-mediated up-regulation of PEPCK and Glc-6-Pase gene expression along with the HGF- and MSP-mediated suppression of gluconeogenesis. Overall, our results suggest a novel signaling pathway through HGF/AMPK/USF-1/SHP to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Chanda D; Li T G; Song K H; Kim Y H; Sim J G; Lee C H; Chiang J Y L; Choi H S
Journal of Biological Chemistry
2009
2009-10
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.022244" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1074/jbc.M109.022244</a>
Fenofibrate Differentially Regulates Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene Expression via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Induction of Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner
cells; binding; complex; fibrosis; Gastroenterology & Hepatology; promoter; beta; mechanisms; pai-1; shp; smad3
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1) is a marker of the fibrinolytic system and serves as a possible predictor for hepatic metabolic syndromes. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) agonist, is a drug used for treatment of hyperlipidemia. Orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP) plays a key role in transcriptional repression of crucial genes involved in various metabolic pathways. In this Study, we show that fenofibrate increased SHP gene expression in cultured liver cells and in the normal and diabetic mouse liver by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK signaling pathway in a PPAR alpha-independent manner. Administration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) or a methionine-deficient and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce the progressive fibrosing steatohepatitis model in C57BL/6 mice was significantly reversed by fenofibrate via AMPK-mediated induction of SHP gene expression with a dramatic decrease in PAI-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression along with other fibrotic marker genes. No reversal was observed in SHP null mice treated with fenofibrate. Treatment with another PPAR alpha agonist, WY14643, showed contrasting effects on these marker gene expressions in wild-type and SHP null mice, demonstrating the specificity of fenofibrate in activating AMPK signaling. Fenofibrate exhibited a differential inhibitory pattern on PAI-1 gene expression depending on the transcription factors inhibited by SHP. Conclusion: By demonstrating that a PPAR alpha-independent fenofibrate-AMPK-SHP regulatory cascade can play a key role in PAI-1 gene down-regulation and reversal of fibrosis, our study suggests that various AMPK activators regulating SHP might provide a novel pharmacologic option in ameliorating hepatic metabolic syndromes. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;50:880-892.)
Chanda D; Lee C H; Kim Y H; Noh J R; Kim D K; Park J H; Hwang J H; Lee M R; Jeong K H; Lee I K; Kweon G R; Shong M; Oh G T; Chiang J Y L; Choi H S
Hepatology
2009
2009-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23049" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/hep.23049</a>
Assessment of Familiality, Obesity, and Other Risk Factors for Early Age of Cancer Diagnosis in Adenocarcinomas of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction
tobacco; alcohol; Gastroenterology & Hepatology; symptoms; body-mass index; abdominal obesity; barretts-esophagus; esophagogastric junction; gastric cardia; intestinal metaplasia; reflux disease
OBJECTIVES: Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction are postulated to be complex genetic diseases. Combined influences of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility likely influence the age at which these cancers develop. The aim of this study was to determine whether familiality and other recognized risk factors are associated with the development of these cancers at an earlier age. METHODS: A structured validated questionnaire was utilized to collect self-reported data on gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, risk factors for Barrett's esophagus (BE) and family history, including age of cancer diagnosis in affected relatives from probands with BE, adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, or adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction, at five tertiary care academic hospitals. Medical records of all relatives reported to be affected were requested from hospitals providing this cancer care to confirm family histories. Familiality of BE/cancer, obesity (defined as body mass index >30), gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, and other risk factors were assessed for association with a young age of cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 356, 216 non-familial and 140 familial, cancers were studied. The study population consisted of 292 (82%) men and 64 (18%) women. Mean age of cancer diagnosis was no different in a comparison of familial and non-familial cancers, 62.6 vs. 61.9 years, P=0.70. There were also no significant differences in symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, body mass index, race, gender, and smoking history between familial and non-familial cancers. Mean age of cancer diagnosis was significantly younger in those who were obese 1 year before diagnosis as compared to those who were non-obese, mean age 58.99 vs. 63.6 years, P=0.008. Multivariable modeling of age at cancer diagnosis showed that obesity 1 year before diagnosis was associated with a younger age of cancer diagnosis (P=0.005) after adjustment for heartburn and regurgitation duration. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with the development of esophageal and gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinomas at an earlier age. Familial cancers arise at the same age as non-familial cancers and have a similar risk factor profile.
Chak A; Falk G; Grady W M; Kinnard M; Elston R; Mittal S; King J F; Willis J E; Kondru A; Brock W; Barnholtz-Sloan J
American Journal of Gastroenterology
2009
2009-08
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.241" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/ajg.2009.241</a>
Asymptomatic, Edematous Upper Lip in a 39-Year-Old Woman
Dermatology; orofacial granulomatosis
Cernik C; Kerns M J; Moad J C; Heffernan M
Archives of Dermatology
2009
2009-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Stimulation of Coronary Collateral Growth by Granulocyte Stimulating Factor Role of Reactive Oxygen Species
ischemia; ROS; cardiomyocytes; receptor; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; endothelial progenitor cells; expression; Hematology; activation; angiotensin-ii; neutrophils; neovascularization; bone-marrow; coronary collateral circulation; G-CSF; G-CSF
Objective-The purpose of this study was to determine whether G-CSF promotes coronary collateral growth (CCG) and decipher the mechanism for this stimulation. Methods and Results-In a rat model of repetitive episodic myocardial ischemia (RI, 40 seconds LAD occlusion every 20 minutes for 2 hours and 20 minutes, 3 times/d for 5 days) CCG was deduced from collateral-dependent flow (flow to LAD region during occlusion). After RI, G-CSF (100 mu g/kg/d) increased CCG (P < 0.01) (0.47 +/- 0.15) versus vehicle (0.14 +/- 0.06). Surprisingly, G-CSF treatment without RI increased CCG (0.57 +/- 0.18) equal to G-CSF + RI. We evaluated ROS by dihydroethidine (DHE) fluorescence (LV injection, 60 mu g/kg, during two episodes of ischemia). DHE fluorescence was double in G-CSF + RI versus vehicle + RI (P < 0.01), and even higher in G-CSF without RI (P < 0.01). Interestingly, the DHE signal did not colocalize with myeloperoxidase (immunostaining, neutrophil marker) but appeared in cardiac myocytes. The study of isolated cardiac myocytes revealed the cytokine stimulates ROS which elicit production of angiogenic factors. Apocynin inhibited G-CSF effects both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions-G-CSF stimulates ROS production directly in cardiomyocytes, which plays a pivotal role in triggering adaptations of the heart to ischemia including growth of the coronary collaterals. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009; 29: 1817-1822.)
Carrao A C R; Chilian W M; Yun J; Kolz C; Rocic P; Lehmann K; van den Wijngaard Jphm; van Horssen P; Spaan J A E; Ohanyan V; Pung Y F; Buschmann I
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology
2009
2009-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.109.186445" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1161/atvbaha.109.186445</a>
In harm's way: Moving the older trauma patient toward a better outcome
geriatric; prevention; medicine; people; Geriatrics & Gerontology; falls; geriatric trauma; primary care management; trauma care
This century will bring an explosion in the geriatric population aged 65 and older, with those over 80 the fastest growing group. Falls, vehicle collisions, burns, and abuse are traumatic events that our geriatric patients may be susceptible to and from which they may not recover. Primary care providers should enhance their understanding of the complex issues of geriatric trauma to facilitate prevention and to assist the patient's recovery to normal function, addressing barriers such as immobility, pain, malnutrition, and acute confusion. Improved outcomes require combined efforts of disciplines and specialties intervening for optimal management for older trauma patients from pre-hospital care through rehabilitation or end-of-life issues.
Campbell J W; DeGolia P A; Fallon W F; Rader E L
Geriatrics
2009
2009-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Evaluation of a Web-based Asynchronous Pediatric Emergency Medicine Learning Tool for Residents and Medical Students
education; Emergency Medicine; curriculum; Pediatric; asynchronous learning; web-based learning
Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of an asynchronous learning tool consisting of web-based lectures for trainees covering major topics pertinent to pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) and to assess resident and student evaluation of this mode of education. Methods: PEM faculty and fellows created a 21-lecture, web-based curriculum. These 20-minute online lectures used Microsoft PowerPoint with the voice-over feature. A 75-question test was created to assess the effectiveness of the web-based learning model, administered online before and after the rotation in the pediatric emergency department (PED). All fourth-year medical students and residents (across all specialties) rotating through the PED were required to complete 10 of the 21 lectures during their 1-month rotation. The main outcome variable was difference in score between pre- and post-rotation tests of participants who viewed no lectures and those who viewed at least one lecture. Evaluation of the program was assessed by anonymous survey using 5-point discrete visual analog scales. Responses of 4 or 5 were considered positive for analysis. Results: One hundred eleven residents and fourth-year medical students participated in the program. An initial 32 completed testing before implementation of the on-line lectures (March 2007-August 2007), and another five did not complete the on-line lectures after implementation (September 2007-February 2008). Seventy-one completed testing and on-line lectures, and all but three completed at least 10 on-line lectures during their rotation. Fourteen of 111 trainees did not complete the pre- or post-test (including two who viewed the lectures). The mean change in score was a 1% improvement from pre-test to post-test for trainees who viewed no lectures and a 6.2% improvement for those who viewed the lectures (mean difference = 5.2%, 95% confidence interval = 2.5% to 7.9%). In the linear regression model, the estimate of the coefficient was 0.43 (p < 0.001), meaning that, for each lecture viewed, post-test score rose by 0.43%. Sixty-nine of 75 test items (92%) had a point biserial correlation greater than 0.15. Thirty of the 72 trainees who completed the online lectures and testing (42%) returned surveys. All were comfortable using the Internet, and 87% (26/30) found the web-site easy to use. All felt that their educational goals were met, and 100% felt that the format would be useful in other areas of education. Conclusions: Although not a replacement for traditional bedside teaching, the use of web-based lectures as an asynchronous learning tool has a positive effect on medical knowledge test scores. Trainees were able to view online lectures on their own schedules, in the location of their choice. This is helpful in a field with shift work, in which trainees rarely work together, making it difficult to synchronously provide lectures to all trainees. Academic Emergency Medicine 2009; 16:S46-S50 (C) 2009 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
Burnette K; Ramundo M; Stevenson M; Beeson M S
Academic Emergency Medicine
2009
2009-12
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00598.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00598.x</a>
Denosumab in Osteoporosis and Oncology
Prostate cancer; breast-cancer; osteoporosis; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; postmenopausal women; breast-cancer; bone-mineral density; tumor; metastases; ligand; biochemical markers; bisphosphonate therapy; bone metastases; denosumab; monoclonal antibody; multiple; myeloma; necrosis factor; phase-ii; RANKL; solid tumor; turnover; zoledronic acid
OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, efficacy, and use of denosumab in osteoporosis, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma. DATA SOURCES: Studies and abstracts were identified through MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1966-July 2009). Key search terms include denosumab, AMG-162, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand system. Information available in abstract form was retrieved from major oncology and bone metabolism meetings. Additional data were obtained from the manufacturer. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All available studies in humans were included except for studies in rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell tumor of the bone. DATA SYNTHESIS: In patients with osteoporosis, denosumab significantly reduces bone resorption and fractures. Studies of denosumab in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis have demonstrated significantly increased bone mineral density and reduced bone turnover markers. Studies of denosumab versus placebo in the treatment of osteoporosis have demonstrated reductions in vertebral, hip, and nonvertebral fractures. In oncology, positive results from clinical trials in patients receiving endocrine therapy for breast and prostate cancer demonstrated decreases in bone loss and skeletal-related events. Denosumab seems to be at least as effective in reducing bone turnover markers as intravenous bisphosphonates in the oncology setting. The most common adverse effects in patients with osteoporosis were arthralgia, nasopharyngitis, back pain, and headache. The most common adverse effects in patients with cancer were infection, pain in the extremities, arthralgia, bone pain, fatigue, and pain. Serious adverse effects include infections requiring hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Denosumab has documented efficacy and safety in patients with osteoporosis, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Additional clinical trial data are needed to more completely establish the effectiveness of denosumab in the treatment of osteoporosis and neoplastic disease as well as its cost-effectiveness and long-term safety.
Burkiewicz J S; Scarpace S L; Bruce S P
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2009
2009-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1M102" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1345/aph.1M102</a>
Serum Concentrations of Aerosolized Tobramycin in Medical, Surgical, and Trauma Patients
pneumonia; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Burdette S D; Limkemann A J; Slaughter J B; Beam W B; Markert R J
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2009
2009-10
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00490-09" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1128/aac.00490-09</a>
Neuroprotective actions of sex steroids in Parkinson's disease
parkinsons-disease; Neuroprotection; MPTP; Akt; Neurosciences & Neurology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; estrogen-receptor-alpha; rat cortical-neurons; methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity; activated protein-kinase; mptp-induced neurotoxicity; glycogen-synthase kinase-3-beta; Androgens; estrogen; induced cell-death; MAPK/ERK; Methamphetamine; nigrostriatal dopaminergic system; Progesterone; regulates bcl-2 expression; Sex difference; vesicular monoamine transporter
The sex difference in Parkinson's disease, with a higher susceptibility in men, suggests a modulatory effect of sex steroids in the brain. Numerous studies highlight that sex steroids have neuroprotective properties against various brain injuries. This paper reviews the protective effects of sex hormones, particularly estradiol, progesterone and androgens, in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) animal model of Parkinson's disease as compared to methamphetamine toxicity. The molecular mechanisms underlying beneficial actions of sex steroids on the brain have been investigated showing steroid, dose, timing and duration specificities and presently focus is on the dopamine signaling pathways, the next frontier. Both genomic and non-genomic actions of estrogen converge to promote survival factors and show sex differences. Neuroprotection by estrogen involves activation of signaling molecules such as the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Interaction with growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor 1, also contributes to protective actions of estrogen. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Bourque M; Dluzen D E; Di Paolo T
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
2009
2009-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.04.014" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.04.014</a>
Influences on specialty choice for students entering person-oriented and technique-oriented specialties
Health Care Sciences & Services; Education & Educational Research; trends; controllable life-style; us medical-students
Background: Given changing trends in specialty choices among medical students coupled with continued challenges associated with medical specialty decision-making, it is important for medical educators to understand how students make decisions about their medical career. Medical educators should be aware of how medical school-based experiences and interactions such as faculty, courses, and services impact students' specialty choices and decisions. Aim: The study determined if differences in influences on specialty decision-making exist for students entering person-oriented specialties versus technique-oriented specialties. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-six fourth-year medical students completed a questionnaire about how the faculty, curriculum, student services, mentoring and professional development programs, lifestyle considerations, family/friends, and other factors influenced their choice of specialty. Results: Chi-square analyses indicated that students pursuing person-oriented specialties compared to technique-oriented specialties were moderately more likely to be influenced by their personal physician, by school faculty, and by medical school activities; slightly more likely to be influenced by medical school offices and services; and slightly less likely to be influenced by income expectations. Conclusions: Students interested in person-oriented specialties versus technique-oriented specialties indicate differences in what influences their specialty choice. This study may be helpful to medical educators and advisors who work with students on specialty decision-making.
Borges N J; Manuel R S; Duffy R D; Fedyna D; Jones B J
Medical Teacher
2009
2009
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3109/01421590903183787" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3109/01421590903183787</a>
Impaired function of coronary BKCa channels in metabolic syndrome
obesity; Physiology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; channels; smooth-muscle-cells; circulation; cardiovascular-disease; Ion channels; beta-1 subunit; activated potassium; arteriolar dilation; blood flow; ca2+-activated k+ channels; currents; diabetic fatty rats; induced relaxation; large-conductance; outward
Borbouse L, Dick GM, Asano S, Bender SB, Dincer UD, Payne GA, Neeb ZP, Bratz IN, Sturek M, Tune JD. Impaired function of coronary BKCa channels in metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297: H1629-H1637, 2009. First published September 11, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00466.2009.-The role of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels in regulation of coronary microvascular function is widely appreciated, but molecular and functional changes underlying the deleterious influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been determined. Male Ossabaw miniature swine consumed for 3-6 mo a normal diet (11% kcal from fat) or an excess-calorie atherogenic diet that induces MetS (45% kcal from fat, 2% cholesterol, 20% kcal from fructose). MetS significantly impaired coronary vasodilation to the BKCa opener NS-1619 in vivo (30-100 mu g) and reduced the contribution of these channels to adenosine-induced microvascular vasodilation in vitro (1-100 mu M). MetS reduced whole cell penitrem A (1 mu M)-sensitive K+ current and NS-1619-activated (10 mu M) current in isolated coronary vascular smooth muscle cells. MetS increased the concentration of free intracellular Ca2+ and augmented coronary vasoconstriction to the L-type Ca2+ channel agonist BAY K 8644 (10 pM-10 nM). BKCa channel alpha and beta(1) protein expression was increased in coronary arteries from MetS swine. Coronary vascular dysfunction in MetS is related to impaired BKCa channel function and is accompanied by significant increases in L-type Ca2+ channel-mediated coronary vasoconstriction.
Borbouse L; Dick G M; Asano S; Bender S B; Dincer U D; Payne G A; Neeb Z P; Bratz I N; Sturek M; Tune J D
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
2009
2009-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00466.2009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1152/ajpheart.00466.2009</a>
Amplification of Coronary Arteriogenic Capacity of Multipotent Stromal Cells by Epidermal Growth Factor
coronary circulation; angiogenesis; collateral circulation; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Myocardial infarction; expression; binding; Hematology; mesenchymal stem-cells; smooth-muscle-cells; rat model; endothelial-cells; collateral growth; improve heart function
Objective-We determined whether increasing adherence of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) would amplify their effects on coronary collateral growth (CCG). Methods and Results-Adhesion was established in cultured coronary endothelials cells (CECs) or MSCs treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF increased MSCs adhesion to CECs, and increased intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) expression. Increased adherence was blocked by EGF receptor antagonism or antibodies to the adhesion molecules. To determine whether adherent MSCs, treated with EGF, would augment CCG, repetitive episodes of myocardial ischemia (RI) were introduced and CCG was measured from the ratio of collateral-dependent (CZ) and normal zone (NZ) flows. CZ/NZ was increased by MSCs without treatment versus RI-control and was further increased by EGF-treated MSCs. EGF-treated MSCs significantly improved myocardial function versus RI or RI + MSCs demonstrating that the increase in collateral flow was functionally significant. Engraftment of MSCs into myocardium was also increased by EGF treatment. Conclusions-These results reveal the importance of EGF in MSCs adhesion to endothelium and suggest that MSCs may be effective therapies for the stimulation of coronary collateral growth when interventions are used to increase their adhesion and homing (in vitro EGF treatment) to the jeopardized myocardium. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009; 29: 802-808.)
Belmadani S; Matrougui K; Kolz C; Pung Y F; Palen D; Prockop D J; Chilian W M
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology
2009
2009-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.109.186189" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1161/atvbaha.109.186189</a>
Office Management of COPD in Primary Care: A 2009 Clinical Update
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; spirometry; asthma; General & Internal Medicine; risk-factors; randomized; follow-up; controlled-trial; double-blind; obstructive pulmonary-disease; questionnaire; differentiating copd; dyspnea; receptor partial agonist; smoking-cessation; sustained-release bupropion; symptom-based; tobacco smoking
Primary care physicians (PCPs) usually are the first to diagnose and care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article discusses key teaching points of recently published guidelines for PCPs and the common challenges of treating COPD patients in a primary care setting, and clarifies common misconceptions. First, PCPs should choose one of the published screening tools to assess for COPD. Spirometry is a useful tool to confirm the diagnosis of COPD to distinguish COPD from asthma, to stage the disease for determining treatment, and it can help with smoking cessation efforts. Chest radiographs do not help to diagnose COPD but are useful to rule out other causes of dyspnea and cough. Differentiating COPD from asthma is important because it affects treatment decisions and prognosis. Second, the goals of COPD treatment are to relieve symptoms, improve exercise tolerance, prevent exacerbations, and improve quality (although not necessarily extend quantity) of life. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be treated at any stage, and the treatments are adjusted in a stepwise approach based on disease severity. Third, as part of the long-term management of COPD, smoking cessation should be discussed at every visit, and inhaler technique should be reviewed at regular intervals. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients should also receive the recommended influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Primary care physicians are in a unique position to identify COPD patients early, to implement primary and secondary preventive measures, and to provide care that addresses the full spectrum of COPD and its comorbidities.
Belfer M H
Postgraduate Medicine
2009
2009-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2009.07.2034" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3810/pgm.2009.07.2034</a>
Recurrent Symptomatic Pleural Effusions: Approaches to Diagnosis of a Difficult Problem
management; Respiratory System; General & Internal Medicine; disease; radiographs; cerebral spinal-fluid; leaks; separation
Barreiro T J
Respiratory Care
2009
2009-08
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Comparison of Sonography and Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Gallbladder Functional Studies With Cholecystokinin
pain; Acoustics; ultrasonography; Radiology; disease; Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; sonography; contraction; gallstones; cholecystokinin; cholescintigraphy; chronic acalculous cholecystitis; ejection fraction; gallbladder ejection fraction; infusion; scintigraphy
Objective. Both sonography and scintigraphy have been used to evaluate gallbladder function with the use of sincalide (cholecystokinin [CCK]). However, the reported ejection fractions (EFs) for the two modalities are not the same. The techniques measure slightly different parameters. This study directly compared both techniques performed simultaneously on the same participants. Methods. Twenty healthy volunteers were evaluated with sonography and scintigraphy to estimate the gallbladder EF simultaneously. The gallbladder EF was calculated at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour. Results. The mean El's +/- SD were 66.3% +/- 20% and 49% +/- 29% for sonography and scintigraphy, respectively. The mean times to the peak EF were 38 12 and 33 9 minutes for sonography and scintigraphy. An average time of 34 minutes was noted after radiopharmaceutical injection before CCK administration for the scintigraphic studies. The earliest time to the peak EF for sonography was 15 minutes, and the latest time to the peak EF was 60 minutes (mode, 40 minutes); for scintigraphy, the earliest and latest times were 15 and 50 minutes (mode, 30 minutes), respectively. One participant could not be evaluated secondary to nonfilling of the gallbladder on scintigraphy. There was wider variability of the gallbladder EF with scintigraphy than sonography. Conclusions. Scintigraphy estimated a lower EF than sonography, had wider EF variability than sonography, and required additional time (>30 minutes more) to complete the study. Scintigraphy could not be performed in 5% of the participants because of nonfilling of the gallbladder The use of sonography to estimate the gallbladder EF is less time-consuming and less costly. With these techniques, the range of normal gallbladder El's should be adjusted for the technique used.
Barr R G; Kido T; Grajo J R
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine
2009
2009-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2009.28.9.1143" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.7863/jum.2009.28.9.1143</a>
Loss of Resources as Mediators between Interpersonal Trauma and Traumatic and Depressive Symptoms among Women with Cancer
trauma; social support; cancer; Psychology; women; posttraumatic-stress-disorder; ptsd symptoms; breast-cancer; resources; child sexual-abuse; empirical literature; long-term sequelae; partner relationship; psychological distress; vietnam veterans
We hypothesized that loss of interpersonal, financial and work resources would mediate the relationship between physical and sexual abuse, cancer-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, noncancer-related PTSD symptoms and depressive mood among women with cancer. Participants were 64 women with heterogeneous cancers (64.1% breast cancer) seeking outpatient treatment. Structured interviews were conducted to assess for preQ cancer interpersonal trauma, recent loss of interpersonal, financial and work resources, cancer-related PTSD symptoms, noncancer-related PTSD symptoms and depressive mood. Only interpersonal loss mediated the relationship between earlier interpersonal trauma and current PTSD symptoms and depressive mood. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Banou E; Hobfoll S E; Trochelman R D
Journal of Health Psychology
2009
2009-03
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1359105308100204" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/1359105308100204</a>
The origin and early evolution of whales: macroevolution documented on the Indian Subcontinent
Cetacea; India; evolution; energetics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; artiodactyls; Eocene; pakistan; whales; cetaceans; Eocene; cetartiodactyla; locomotor evolution; dolphins; middle; semiaquatic mammals; underwater hearing
The origin of whales (order Cetacea) from a four-footed land animal is one of the best understood examples of macroevolutionary change. This evolutionary transition has been substantially elucidated by fossil finds from the Indian subcontinent in the past decade and a half. Here, we review the first steps of whale evolution, i.e. the transition from a land mammal to obligate marine predators, documented by the Eocene cetacean families of the Indian subcontinent: Pakicetidae, Ambulocetidae, Remingtonocetidae, Protocetidae, and Basilosauridae, as well as their artiodactyl sister group, the Raoellidae. We also discuss the influence that the excellent fossil record has on the study of the evolution of organ systems, in particular the locomotor and hearing systems.
Bajpai S; Thewissen J G M; Sahni A
Journal of Biosciences
2009
2009-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-009-0060-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s12038-009-0060-0</a>
CREODONTS, ARTIODACTYLS AND CONDYLARTHS FROM EARLY EOCENE CAMBAY SHALE, VASTAN LIGNITE MINE, GUJARAT, WESTERN INDIA
Paleontology
Bajpai S; Thewissen J G M; Kapur V; Tiwari B
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2009
2009
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Diversity in gene expression patterns during mammalian early tooth development
Zoology
Armfield B A; Thewissen J G M; Vinyard C J
Integrative and Comparative Biology
2009
2009-02
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
A Randomized Trial Testing the Superiority of a Postdischarge Care Management Model for Stroke Survivors
Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; clinical-trials; follow-up; intervention; multiple end-points; Neurosciences & Neurology; outcomes; quality-of-life; randomized trial; rehabilitation; scale; Stroke care management; support
Objective: We sought to evaluate whether comprehensive postdischarge care management for stroke survivors is superior to organized acute stroke department care with enhanced discharge planning in improving a profile of health and well-being. Methods: This was a randomized trial of a comprehensive postdischarge care management intervention for patients with ischemic stroke and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores greater than or equal to 1 discharged from an acute stroke department. An advanced practice nurse performed an in-home assessment for the intervention group from which an interdisciplinary team developed patient-specific care plans. The advanced practice nurse worked with the primary care physician and patient to implement the plan during the next 6 months. The intervention and usual care groups were compared using a global and closed hypothesis testing strategy. Outcomes fell into 5 domains: (1) neuromotor function, (2) institution time or death, (3) quality of life, (4) management of risk, and (5) stroke knowledge and lifestyle. Results: Treatment effect was near 0 SD for all except the stroke knowledge and lifestyle domain, which showed a significant effect of the intervention (P = .0003). Conclusions: Postdischarge care management was not more effective than organized stroke department care with enhanced discharge planning in most domains in this population. The intervention did, however, fill a postdischarge knowledge gap.
Allen K; Hazelett S; Jarjoura D; Hua K D; Wright K; Weinhardt J; Kropp D
Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases
2009
2009-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.02.002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.02.002</a>
Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in fasting-mediated oxidative stress
Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; differential expression; dismutase; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Fasting; fatty-acid oxidation; glutathione-s-transferase; hepatic steatosis; Lipid peroxidation; Lipid peroxidation; liver; manganese-superoxide-dismutase; mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase; nitric-oxide; Null mice; oxidative stress; PPAR-alpha; PPAR-alpha; Protein nitration; Protein oxidation; rat-liver; Steatosis; Superoxide
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) regulates lipid homeostasis, particularly in the liver. This study was aimed at elucidating the relationship between hepatosteatosis and oxidative stress during fasting. Fasted Ppara-null mice exhibited marked hepatosteatosis, which was associated with elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide synthase activity, and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Total glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial GSH, and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes were also lower in the fasted Ppara-null mice. Consequently, the number and extent of nitrated proteins were markedly increased in the fasted Ppara-null mice, although high levels of protein nitration were still detected in the fed Ppara-null mice while many oxidatively modified proteins were only found in the fasted Ppara-null mice. However, the role of inflammation in increased oxidative stress in the fasted Ppara-null mice was minimal based on the similar levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha change in all groups. These results with increased oxidative stress observed in the fasted Ppara-null mice compared with other groups demonstrate a role for PPAR alpha in fasting-mediated oxidative stress and that inhibition of PPAR alpha functions may increase the susceptibility to oxidative damage in the presence of another toxic agent. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Abdelmegeed M A; Moon K H; Hardwick J P; Gonzalez F J; Song B J
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
2009
2009-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.017" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.017</a>
The eyelids: Some common disorders seen in everyday practice
blepharitis; ectropion; entropion; eyelids; Geriatrics & Gerontology; hordeolum; malignancies; ptosis; retraction
The eyelids, essential to protecting and cleansing the eye, are a common site for a range of disorders affecting older adults. Some of the e are benign and some serious, with the most clinically important being suspicious lid lesions that may harbor malignancy and neurologic disorders, as well as structural malpositions. that cause poor lid function and may lead to globe damage and visual impairment. The ability to recognize eyelid problems is Important; as they often present first to the primary care physician. Some eyelid disorders can be successfully treated quickly and easily in the office setting, whereas others may be chronic and more difficult to manage, requiring referral to an ophthalmologist or oculoplastic specialist.
Zucker J L
Geriatrics
2009
2009-04
Journal Article
n/a
Jaw-muscle fiber architecture in great apes: a preliminary analysis of fiber length and physiologic cross-sectional area
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Taylor A B; Swaniker J R; Vinyard C J
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2009
2009
Journal Article
n/a
Acute nicotine and phencyclidine increase locomotor activity of the guinea pig
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other; Topics
Simmons M A; Hudzik T J
Faseb Journal
2009
2009-04
Journal Article
n/a
Enhanced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and reduced myofibroblast content in the early diabetic myocardium
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other; Topics
Shamhart P E; Luther D; Hodson B; Koshy J; Ohanyan V; Hodnichak C; Meszaros J G
Faseb Journal
2009
2009-04
Journal Article
n/a
A Group-Centered Model for Management of Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy
Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology
Schnettler W T; Gill P; Krew M; McDaniel T; Nelson K; Kemerer C
Reproductive Sciences
2009
2009-03
Journal Article
n/a
Cardiac Phenotypic Differences in Rat Models of the Metabolic Syndrome
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other; Topics
Ohanyan V; Pung Y F; Hafemeister J L; Hodnichak C; Kolz C; Chilian W M
Faseb Journal
2009
2009-04
Journal Article
n/a
Heterochrony of cranial features associated with wide jaw gapes in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Mork A L; Vinyard C J
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2009
2009
Journal Article
n/a