Browse Items (375 total)

Hip fractures are a significant economic burden to our healthcare system. As there have been efforts made to create an alternative payment model for hip fracture care, it will be imperative to risk-stratify reimbursement for these medically comorbid…

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of all thyroid malignancies. Its incidence is higher in females in their fifth and sixth decades of life. The pathophysiology of…

Patients with certain dermatologic skin diseases have been found to be at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation. As there is not much information available on mental health interventions taken in dermatologic practices, we conducted a…

The critical role of primary care clinicians (PCCs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevention, diagnosis and management must evolve as new treatment paradigms and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) emerge. Our understanding of AD has grown…

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathophysiology of aspiration in previously studied female infant piglets after a unilateral superior laryngeal nerve (uSLN) lesion.

Aims: Cellular response to hypoxia can include transition from respiration to glycolysis via upregulation of glycolytic enzymes and transporters, as well as mitophagy induction to eliminate surplus mitochondria. Our purpose was to evaluate the impact…

BACKGROUND. Supplemental screening breast ultrasound (US) detects additional cancers in women with dense breasts but identifies many BI-RADS 3 lesions that result in short-term follow-up and biopsies.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a widely employed renal replacement modality. A prospective study was conducted to determine the short-term and midterm outcomes and complication rates associated with a standardized optimal laparoscopic peritoneal…

Since the late 1950s, transport of bile in the liver has been described by the “osmotic concept,” according to which bile flows into the canaliculi toward the ducts, countercurrent to the blood flow in the sinusoids. However, because of the small…

In a species of baleen whale, we identify olfactory epithelium that suggests a functional sense of smell and document the ontogeny of the surrounding olfactory anatomy. Whales must surface to breathe, thereby providing an opportunity to detect…

Because of anatomic proximity, myocarditis is often associated with pericarditis. Although randomized trials have not delineated a successful evidence-based therapy for myocarditis, there is evidence of considerable benefit in treating pericarditis…

Myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination has recently been reported to health authorities in the United States and other countries. Cases predominately occur in young adult males within four days following the second dose of either the Moderna…

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels in vascular smooth muscle are essential for coupling myocardial blood flow (MBF) with the metabolic demand of the heart. These channels consist of a transmembrane pore domain that associates with auxiliary Kvβ…

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, characterized by overproduction of heavy- and light-chain monoclonal proteins (M-protein). These proteins are mainly found in the serum…

The superior olivary complex (SOC) is a major computation center in the brainstem auditory system. Despite previous reports of high expression levels of cholinergic receptors in the SOC, few studies have addressed the functional role of acetylcholine…

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), regulatory molecules that repress protein expression, have attracted considerable attention in CVD research. The vasculature plays a big role in CVD…

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, deriving from yolk sac progenitors that populate the brain parenchyma during development. During development and homeostasis, microglia play critical roles in synaptogenesis and synaptic…

Individuals recently released from jail or prison with serious mental illnesses may be vulnerable to the coronavirus pandemic. This study aims to understand how they experienced the pandemic during initial stay-at-home orders in New York City.…

Gadolinium contrast administration, usually with magnetic resonance imaging, is an important diagnostic modality in the investigation of neurological pathologies. There is little evidence in the literature suggesting repeated exposure to intrathecal…

Antibiotic resistance (AR) necessitates the discovery of new antimicrobials with alternative mechanisms of action to those employed by conventional antibiotics. One such strategy utilizes Ga3+ to target iron metabolism, a critical process for…

Increasing adipose tissue mass in obesity directly correlates with elevated circulating leptin levels. Leptin is an adipokine known to play a role in numerous biological processes including regulation of energy homeostasis, inflammation, vascular…

Echocardiography (2-D echo) is now the preferred imaging modality for patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). The prevalence of potential etiologies of LBBB has not been extensively studied by cardiac MRI (CMR).

Irisin is a hormone cleaved from fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 in response to exercise and may be therapeutic in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Irisin is shown to repair damage caused by midlife cardiometabolic risk factors for AD…

United States student loan debt has surpassed $1.7 trillion and continues to rise. Generally described as a “crisis,” the state of student loan debt in the United States is a subject of increasing consideration, research, and analysis by federal…

Intrinsic properties of neurons are one major determinant for how neurons respond to their synaptic inputs and shape their outputs in neural circuits. Here, we studied the intrinsic properties of neurons in the chicken posterior portion of the dorsal…

Bats are the only mammals to have achieved powered flight. A key innovation allowing for bats to conquer the skies was a forelimb modified into a flexible wing. The wing bones of bats are exceptionally long and dynamically bend with wingbeats. Bone…

This special edition issue for the African Journal of Emergency Medicine was commissioned by the International Federation for Emergency Medicine (IFEM). Within this issue are 14 articles with a focus on conducting research in resource limited…

Infants experiencing frequent aspiration, the entry of milk into the airway, are often prescribed thickened fluids to improve swallow safety. However, research on the outcomes of thickened milk on infant feeding have been limited to documenting rates…

In many primates, the greater proportion of climbing and suspensory behaviors in the juvenile repertoire likely necessitates good grasping capacities. Here, we tested whether very young individuals show near-maximal levels of grasping strength, and…

The goals of this review are to evaluate the quality of the evidence on the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) in athletes and military members; and to estimate annual incidence of SCA/D.

Similar to the significant rise in the geriatric population in the United States, trauma centers have seen an increase in geriatric trauma patients. These patients present with additional challenges such as a higher likelihood of undertriage,…

We recently introduced a series of papers describing how to do certain techniques. This article is the first part of a review of shear wave elastography (SWE). It reports the principles and interpretation of the technique and describes how to…

Pit vipers, also known as crotalids, are a group of snakes including rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths (water moccasins). Crotalids have a broad geographic distribution across the United States, and bites from these snakes can carry…

Human carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) has triacylglycerol hydrolase (TGH) activities and plays an important role in lipolysis. In this study, we aim to determine the role of human CES2 in the progression or reversal of steatohepatitis in diet-induced or…

Hepatic miR-34a expression is elevated in diet-induced or genetically obese mice and patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), yet hepatocyte miR-34a's role in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from non-alcoholic…

Activating transcription factor (ATF)3 is known to have an anti-inflammatory function, yet the role of hepatic ATF3 in lipoprotein metabolism or atherosclerosis remains unknown. Here we show that overexpression of human ATF3 in hepatocytes reduces…

Do individuals have either (or both) a moral or a legal responsibility to inform sexual partners of a sexually transmitted disease? In this issue, Dunham et al1 addresses the issue by surveying health care workers (HCW) to determine if they believe…

The United States has not yet decided to ensure that every citizen has access to health care services at reasonable cost. The United States spends more on health care than any other country by far. Yet the health status of the US population, when…

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to progress, the medical community is rapidly trying to identify complications and patterns of disease to improve patient outcomes. In a recent systematic review, it has been reported that isolated cases of…

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have…
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