Bowhead whales are some of the largest animals that occupy the Arctic Circle. Despite the challenges of living and giving birth in icy waters, having huge blubber stores, eating a fat-rich diet, and undergoing arduous migrations, bowheads achieved…
In the late 1980s, annual carbon isotope cycles in the baleen plates of bowhead whales formed the basis of the first effective means of estimating bowhead age. However, the baleen aging method could only be used for aging subadult whales less than…
Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort Sea bowhead whales are born at about 4.2m in length and 1000kg, in lead systems along the NW Alaskan coast. Bowheads in the other northern stocks are also born in ice-covered seas. Maximum body lengths (standard measure) can…
The skull of the bowhead whale is composed of all the bones commonly found in mammals, although the shape of these bones is far from ordinary. Features related to feeding dominate the skull: there are no teeth, and the rostrum is long and curved,…
An understanding of adult day service centers' (ADC) impacts on clients' health and well-being has been hampered by a lack of large-scale data. Standardizing data collection is critical to strengthening ADC programs, demonstrating their …
An understanding of the functional morphology of the bowhead whale continues to have significance for population management. This chapter first examines the anatomical features of the bowhead whale reproductive system, with an emphasis on the female.…
The commercial hunt of the four stocks of bowhead whales by the nations of Europe and North America commenced in 1540 and came to an effective end at the start of World War I. At that time, all four stocks had been driven to near extinction. Whalers…
We discuss the evolution, phylogenetic relations to right whales, and geographical distribution of bowhead whales. We summarize its relations to humans, including whaling by indigenous and European whalers, conservation efforts, and modern challenges…
The sensory biology of bowhead whales reflects features both related to their origin from land mammals and adaptations to their current environment, polar seas. There is anatomical and genomic evidence that bowheads have a sense of smell. Their sense…
The prenatal development of bowhead whales is poorly known, and no complete ontogenetic series exist. However, the available embryos and fetuses elucidate aspects of the development of the species, as well as that of all of mysticetes in general, and…
The postcranial skeleton of bowhead whales was described in detail more than 100 years ago. The musculature of bowheads has not been studied in detail but matches that of other mysticetes in general features. In this chapter, we focus on some aspects…
Over the past four decades, there have been progressive changes in the epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). We assessed trends in demographic and injury-related variables in traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (tCSCI) patients …
Infant birth weight affects neuromotor and biomechanical swallowing performance in infant pig models. Preterm infants are generally born low birth weight and suffer from delayed development and neuromotor deficits. These deficits include critical …
Birth weight is an important predictor of neuromotor and physiological performance in early perinatal development of mammals [1–4]. Our knowledge of the impact of birth weight on growth and performance falls into two broad categories of research.…
PURPOSE: To assess chronic liver disease (CLD) using multiparametric US in a private practice setting in a cohort of patients with increased skin-to-liver distance. METHODS: 110 consecutive patients with increased skin-to-liver distance scheduled …
110 consecutive patients with increased skin-to-liver distance scheduled for US assessment of CLD were reviewed for study completion time, liver stiffness values (LS), attenuation imaging, and shear wave dispersion slope. The ROI was placed 2 cm…
Do individuals have either (or both) a moral or a legal responsibility to inform sexual partners of a sexually transmitted disease? In this issue, Dunham et al1 addresses the issue by surveying health care workers (HCW) to determine if they believe…
Introduction Over the past decade, pharmacy school tuition and the subsequent amount of student debt has risen significantly. Additionally, the debt-to-income ratio for pharmacy school graduates increases, making it extremely important to manage…
Over the past decade, pharmacy school tuition and the subsequent amount of student debt has risen significantly. Additionally, the debt-to-income ratio for pharmacy school graduates increases, making it extremely important to manage personal finance…
Background: United States student loan debt has surpassed $1.7 trillion and continues to rise. Generally described as a “crisis,” the state of student loan debt in the United States is a subject of increasing consideration, research, and analysis by…
United States student loan debt has surpassed $1.7 trillion and continues to rise. Generally described as a “crisis,” the state of student loan debt in the United States is a subject of increasing consideration, research, and analysis by federal…
Mutations in the cytochrome P450-1B1 (Cyp1b1) gene is a common genetic predisposition associated with various human glaucomas, most prominently in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). The role of Cyp1b1 in the eye is largely unknown, however, its…
Adult mixed sex Cyp1b1–/– [129S6.129 × 1(B6)-Cyp1b1TM1Gonz/Mmnc] mice were obtained from the Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MMRRC) at JAX (Jackson Laboratories) and genotyped before experimentation to confirm the transgene. These mice…
BACKGROUND: ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) can non-invasively assess prostate tissue stiffness. This systematic review aims to evaluate SWE for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and compare diagnostic estimates between studies …
Shear wave elastography is an ultrasound-based imaging modality that can delineate prostate lesions that are stiffer, possibly due to cancerous changes. Using evidence from 16 published studies, including more than 2200 patients with suspected or…
Bats are the only mammals to have achieved powered flight. A key innovation allowing for bats to conquer the skies was a forelimb modified into a flexible wing. The wing bones of bats are exceptionally long and dynamically bend with wingbeats. Bone …
Bats are the only mammals to have achieved powered flight. A key innovation allowing for bats to conquer the skies was a forelimb modified into a flexible wing. The wing bones of bats are exceptionally long and dynamically bend with wingbeats. Bone…
The latencies of successive two-alternative, forced-choice response times display intricately patterned sequential effects, or dependencies. They vary as a function of particular trial-histories, and in terms of the order and identity of previously …
Successively measured two-alternative forced-choice response time latencies often display sequential dependencies in their durations. This propensity is a long-recognized empirical puzzle in the decision-making literature e.g., (see Hyman, 1953;…
Immunofluorescence staining is a widely used and powerful tool for the visualization and colocalization of two or more proteins and/or cellular organelles. For colocalization studies in fixed cells, one target protein/organelle is immunostained and…
