1
40
4
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Text
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n/a
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
162-162
Volume
168
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NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology; NEOMED Postdoc Publications
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Wild platyrrhine quadrupedal kinematics on multiple and inconsistent substrates
Publisher
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Date
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2019
2019-03
Subject
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Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
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McNamara A; Dunham N T; Young J W; Shapiro L J
Identifier
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n/a
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Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2019
88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2019)
American journal of physical anthropology
Anthropology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dunham N T
Evolutionary Biology
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
McNamara A
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Postdoc
NEOMED Postdoc Publications
Shapiro L J
Young J W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
n/a
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
277-278
Volume
168
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NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology; NEOMED Postdoc Publications
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Influence of substrate compliance on wild primate gait kinematics
Publisher
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-03
Subject
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Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Young J W; Dunham N T; McNamara A; Shapiro L J
Identifier
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n/a
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Journal Article
Description
An account of the resource
The influence of substrate compliance on gait mechanics has received little attention in previous studies of primate locomotion. Using high-speed video, we investigated how free-ranging platyrrhines in lowland Amazonian Ecuador adjust gait kinematics to variation in substrate compliance (N = 789 strides across eight species). We used a force gauge and stiff rope to quantify the compliance (displacement in centimeters per Newton of applied force) of a sample of 200 branches, palm fronds, and lianas representative of locomotor substrates. Substrate type and diameter explained 73% of the variance in compliance, with palms and branches tending to be more compliant than lianas (though the magnitudes of compliance differences varied across the range of diameters). We used this statistical model to estimate the compliance of the substrates utilized in each locomotor stride. The primates in our sample showed a variety of responses to increasing compliance, including decreased speeds (Callicebus, Saguinus, Cebuella) and – controlling for speed – increased stride lengths (Pithecia, Lagothrix), decreased stride frequencies (Callicebus, Pithecia, Lagothrix), increased duty factors (Callicebus), and increases in the average number of supporting limbs during locomotion (Callicebus, Pithecia). Overall, these changes in gait kinematics accord with biomechanical theory predicting that animals moving on compliant substrates can increase stability by reducing impact forces. Other species showed more enigmatic responses to increasing compliance, decreasing duty factors (Ateles) or not significantly adjusting kinematics at all (Alouatta, Saimiri). Overall, our results suggest that substrate compliance should be considered a critical parameter when evaluating primate locomotor performance and locomotor evolution.
2019
88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2019)
American journal of physical anthropology
Anthropology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dunham N T
Evolutionary Biology
Journal Article
McNamara A
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Postdoc
NEOMED Postdoc Publications
Shapiro L J
Young J W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
n/a
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
245-245
Volume
168
Search for Full-text
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NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Dental microwear in laboratory primates: Insights into the complexity of dental microwear formation
Publisher
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-03
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Creator
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Teaford M F; Laird M F; Ross C F; Taylor A B; Ungar P S; Vinyard C J
Identifier
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n/a
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Journal Article
Description
An account of the resource
Dental microwear analysis has been employed in studies of a wide range of modern and fossil animals, yielding many insights into the biology/ecology of those taxa. Paleoanthropological studies have produced both expected and unexpected results (e.g., comparisons of South and East African robust australopithecines). Some critics have suggested that, because exogenous grit is harder than organic materials in food, grit should have an overwhelming impact on dental microwear patterns.
To shed light on this issue, feeding experiments were conducted on laboratory capuchin monkeys [Sapajus apella] with dental impressions taken before and after each feeding session. The food was an confectionary gelatin (“Jell-O”) prepared with less water to make it stiffer, and it was laced with specific amounts of aluminum silicate pumice to simulate the presence of grit. Resultant casts were analyzed by SEM and confocal microscopy. We asked two main questions: (1) would new microwear features be formed in the course of single feeding bouts, and (2) would there be any changes in dental microwear texture as a result of the presence of the grit in these feeding experiments?
Initial results showed that no new features and no changes in dental microwear texture were detected. These findings suggest that the impact of exogenous grit on dental microwear is the result of dynamic, complex interactions among many factors including the material properties of both the food and the grit, grit load and amount of time spent feeding.
Funding was provided by National Science Foundation (NSF-BCS-1440542) and the American Association of Physical Anthropologists Cobb Professional Development Program.
2019
88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2019)
American journal of physical anthropology
Anthropology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Evolutionary Biology
Journal Article
Laird M F
NEOMED College of Medicine
Ross C F
Taylor A B
Teaford M F
Ungar P S
Vinyard C J
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
n/a
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
228-228
Volume
168
Search for Full-text
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NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
NEOMED Student Publications; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Trabecular ontogeny of the mandibular condyle in callitrichids
Publisher
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-03
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Creator
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Siegel N D; Vinyard C J
Identifier
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n/a
Format
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Journal Article
Description
An account of the resource
Several bony and soft tissue structures of the callitrichid masticatory apparatus have been studied to understand how gouging behavior in marmosets is facilitated by specific morphologies. While marmoset craniofacial anatomy indicates features that likely enable relatively wider gapes compared to non-gouging tamarins, these studies have largely failed to demonstrate morphologies that assist in generating or resisting relatively large bite forces. A previous comparison of condylar trabeculae between adult gouging and non-gouging platyrrhines found that marmoset condylar trabeculae may be less robust than non-gougers. We extend this work by comparing the ontogeny of condylar trabecular morphology in gouging marmosets versus non-gouging tamarins.
We collected µCT images of the mandibular condyles of 13 adult and 7 neonatal common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and 9 adult and 6 neonatal cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) at a voxel resolution of 20.5 µm. We processed the entire condylar trabecular volume in Avizo 8.0 and measured several trabecular metrics in BoneJ. We compared trabecular features across ontogeny and between species.
We found that C. jacchus undergoes a marked decrease in bone volume fraction during ontogeny, while S. oedipus experiences a slight increase. Both species lose connectivity with age; C. jacchus more markedly than S. oedipus. While trabeculae in both species are more spaced in adults, this change is more marked in C. jacchus. Collectively, we see little evidence in marmosets for age-related increases in load-resistance abilities in the condylar trabeculae further supporting the argument that marmosets are not adapted for generating relatively large bite forces during gouging.
NSF BCS-0959438, BCS-0412153
2019
88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2019)
American journal of physical anthropology
Anthropology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Evolutionary Biology
Journal Article
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
Siegel N D
Vinyard C J