Comparison of Risk Factors for Pediatric Kidney Stone Formation: The Effects of Sex.
pediatrics; age; sex; kidney stones; urolithiasis
Background: Urinary stones are affecting more children, and pediatric stone formers have unique pathophysiology compared to adults. While adult stone formers are most frequently male, children have an age dependent sex prevalence. Under 10 years, a majority of stone formers are boys; adolescent stone formers are mostly female. Previous adult studies have shown that stone composition is influenced by the sex and age of the stone former. Thus, we hypothesize that female and male stone forming children will also have sex and age specific stone phenotypes. Methods: Retrospective chart review of a large pediatric center's stone forming children 6/1/2009 to 6/1/2016. Patients were identified by ICD 9 codes: N20, N20.1, and N20.9. Charts were reviewed for radiographic evidence of stones or documented visualized stone passage. Results: One hundred and thirty six subjects: 54 males and 82 females. Females were older, median age 14 years [interquartile range (IQR): 11, 15] vs. males' median age 12 years (IQR: 11, 14) (p < 0.01). Females had lower height z-scores, median 0.2 (IQR: -0.8, 0.8) vs. males' median 0.8 (IQR: -0.2, 1.8) (p < 0.01). Presenting symptoms were similar except flank pain affecting 39% of females vs. 22% of males (p = 0.04). Leukocyte esterase was positive in more females than males (33 vs. 4%) (p < 0.001). Males had a higher BUN/Cr ratio, mean +/- standard deviation of 19.8 +/- 6.3 vs. 16.6 +/- 6.5 in females (p = 0.01). Glomerular hyperfiltration was present in 9% of patients while 35% of patients had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Treatment strategies and clinical course were similar except females were told to increase dietary citrate more frequently than males (21 vs. 4%) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: We have provided a novel analysis and demonstrated that low height z-score and pyuria are more common in female stone formers. We have also shown that 9% of pediatric stone formers have labs consistent with hyperfiltration. Whether high protein intake and/or chronic dehydration are associated with hyperfiltration and long-term renal function in children with kidney stones will be an area for future research.
Schwaderer Andrew L; Raina Rupesh; Khare Anshika; Safadi Fayez; Moe Sharon M; Kusumi Kirsten
Frontiers in pediatrics
2019
2019
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00032" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3389/fped.2019.00032</a>
Lateral mandibular wall thickness in Tursiops truncatus: Variation due to sex and age
age; bottlenose dolphin; hearing; intraspecific variation; lower jaw; mandible; Marine & Freshwater Biology; scaling; sensitivity; sex; thickness; Tursiops truncatus; Zoology
In odontocetes the mandibular bone serves two functions: to capture prey, and as a means of the reception and transmission of sound waves through a fat body in the mandibular canal, which opens posteriorly as the mandibular foramen. The posterior part of the lateral wall of the odontocete mandible is thin, and appears to represent a compromise between a strong mandible for prey capture and a thin vibrating plate for hearing. We studied the intraspecific variation of minimum thickness of the lateral mandibular wall along four transects (T1-T4) at the area of the mandibular foramen, in relation to the skull size and the mandibular size in different-aged bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (18 females between 1 and 42 yr, 17 males between 1 and 32 yr). The minimum thickness was absolutely at its lowest at the most posterior transect T1, but did not vary significantly between the sexes or between the ages. The minimum thickness varied significantly at the two most anterior transects, T3 and T4, both between the sexes and among the ages. The thickness increased throughout life among males, whereas in females it first increased and then starts to decrease around the age of 20.
Nummela S; Kosove J E; Lancaster T E; Thewissen J G M
Marine Mammal Science
2004
2004-07
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01174.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01174.x</a>
ARTHRITIS IN AN EARLY 20TH-CENTURY GERIATRIC POPULATION
crystal deposition disease; Geriatrics & Gerontology; pyrophosphate
Bone and joint alterations were characterized in the skeletons of 498 individuals age 64+ who died in Northeast Ohio between 1913 and 1933. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, rare in young individuals, was found in 27% of men over age 65, compared with only 5% of women (Chi square = 21.1, p < 0.0005), independent of race. Osteoarthritis was present in 41% of Blacks but only 24% of Caucasians (Chi square = 11.3, p < 0.001), independent of sex. Rheumatoid arthritis was present in 4.4% of women and 0.7% of men (Chi square = 7.32, p < 0.008), independent of race. This 6:1 ratio contrasted with the 3:1 ratio among individuals < 65. Spondyloarthropathy was equally represented in all groups. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, equally represented by race and sex, increased logarithmically with age. This unique population survey provides new insights to rheumatologic impact on aging and should facilitate health care planning.
Rothschild B M; Woods R J
Age
1991
1991-01
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf02434843" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf02434843</a>
Nondestructive, Epi-Illumination Surface Microscopic Characterization of Surface Discontinuity in Bone: A New Approach Offers a Descriptive Vocabulary and New Insights
age; Anatomy & Morphology; arthritis; classification; defleshed bones; disease; erosive; morphology; of-rheumatology criteria; osteoarthritis; Pathology; periosteal reaction; porosity; scanning electron-microscopy; scurvy; Sharpey fibers; taphonomy
Perspectives are in the eye of the beholder and are expanded with increased scrutiny (e.g., magnification). The term porosity' for macroscopically or radiologically identifiable discontinuity in bone is so variably applied as to be incomprehensible in its meanings. A closer examination of surface discontinuity seems appropriate. Histological and atomic level analysis of bone alterations misses the forest for the trees and the former destroys the very subject it attempts to characterize. Surface discontinuity was therefore evaluated at the three-dimensional submacroscopic level. An epifluorescent/illumination microscope was used to characterize surface discontinuity in intact specimens of known pathophysiology and/or derivation. The derived perspectives were then utilized to characterize other surface discontinuity. The smooth boundaries of vascular foramen and internal bifurcation, continuity of the expanded base of nerve structures and surrounding elevated rings of Sharpey fibers are all clearly distinguishable from fronts of resorption in erosive arthritis, serpentine discontinuity associated with infectious processes, specific zones of resorption noted in tuberculosis, and structural bone exposure by taphonomic abrasion. These perspectives allow the bone pathology associated with hematoma to be characterized as accentuated Sharpey fiber insertions; maxillary and sphenoid surface discontinuity, as vascular in origin; and periosteal reaction, as manifest by superficial bifurcating channels and in-growth, similar to healing trephanation. Epi-illumination microscopy bridges macroscopic and histological examination, providing greater understanding of the pathology, at no cost to the integrity of the material studied. It explains a number of observed results, while providing discriminatory descriptions of phenomena for which pathophysiology has not yet been clarified. Anat Rec, 296:580589, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rothschild B M
Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
2013
2013-04
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22673" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.22673</a>
Skeletal survey of Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques: Osteoarthritis and articular plate excrescences
age; arthritis; calcium; calcium pryrophosphate deposition disease; Cayo Santiago; defleshed bones; dihydrate crystals; epidemiology; erosive arthritis; macaca-mulatta; monkeys macaca-mulatta; population analysis; pyrophosphate deposition disease; reproductive; rhesus macaques; rheumatoid-arthritis; Rheumatology; spondyloarthropathy; success
Objectives: This study was performed to complement studies on spondyloarthropathy in rhesus macaques by quantifying and characterizing another major form of arthritis and contrasting it with osteoarthritis. Methods: Skeletons of 269 macaques of known age and troop affiliation from the free-ranging Cayo Santiago colony (Caribbean Primate Research Center) were macroscopically surveyed for the presence of articular changes of osteoarthritis, articular plate excrescences, and calcifications that project back over the joint surface in all diarthrodial joints. Statistical tests were used to establish the independence of pathological conditions, age, gender, troop membership, and specific joint involvement. Results: Subchondral articular surface excrescences or calcific plate-like articular surface overgrowth were noted in 17% and osteoarthritis in 18% of Cayo Santiago macaques. Distribution of joint involvement and sex ratio (1:1) of the former condition were independent of either troop membership or the distribution of osteoarthritis. Conclusion: Three major forms of arthritis are common in rhesus macaques: osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathy and a category that might be referred to as apical plate excrescences (APE). The latter is very different from spondyloarthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, and infectious arthritis. It is quite similar to what in the past has been referred to as the radiographic form of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) in humans. A new name has not been offered for the identification/categorization of this phenomenon in dry bone. Its occurrence in rhesus macaques appears to present a natural model for characterization of genetic, immunologic, and environmental aspects of this phenomenon. The acronym APE is offered for consideration in naming this category of arthritis in skeletal material. Semin Arthritis Rheum 29:100-111. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Rothschild B M; Hong N; Turnquist J E
Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
1999
1999-10
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0049-0172(99)80041-9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0049-0172(99)80041-9</a>
Relapsed Perinatal Neuroblastoma After Expectant Observation
age; Hematology; heterogeneity; infants; neuro-blastoma; neuro-blastoma; neuroblastoma biology; Oncology; Pediatrics; regression; relapse
The Children's Oncology Group (COG) study ANBL00P2 showed that expectant observation of patients younger than six months of age with perinatal neuroblastoma presenting as a small adrenal mass yields excellent overall survival and spares surgical resection to the majority of patients. We report a 5-year-old female who was initially diagnosed with a perinatal neuroblastoma. The patient was observed on COG study ANBL00P2. By nine months of age she had no ultrasonographic or biochemical evidence of disease. She presented four years later with abdominal pain and was found to have high-risk stage 4 MYCN amplified neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:160-162. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Salloum R; Garrison A; von Allmen D; Sheridan R; Towbin A J; Adams D; Weiss B
Pediatric Blood & Cancer
2015
2015-01
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25218" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/pbc.25218</a>
Invited review: Role of mechanophysiology in aging of ECM: effects of changes in mechanochemical transduction
age; apoptosis; collagen; connective tissue; dermal fibroblasts; expansion; extracellular-matrix; gene-expression; growth-factor responsiveness; guinea-pig; human articular chondrocytes; mechanical forces; mechanical strain; phosphorelay system; Physiology; silicone implant; skin; Sport Sciences; tissue
Mechanical forces play a role in the development and evolution of extracellular matrices (ECMs) found in connective tissue. Gravitational forces acting on mammalian tissues increase the net muscle forces required for movement of vertebrates. As body mass increases during development, musculoskeletal tissues and other ECMs are able to adapt their size to meet the increased mechanical requirements. However, the control mechanisms that allow for rapid growth in tissue size during development are altered during maturation and aging. The purpose of this mini-review is to examine the relationship between mechanical loading and cellular events that are associated with downregulation of mechanochemical transduction, which appears to contribute to aging of connective tissue. These changes result from decreases in growth factor and hormone levels, as well as decreased activation of the phosphorelay system that controls cell division, gene expression, and protein synthesis. Studies pertaining to the interactions among mechanical forces, growth factors, hormones, and their receptors will better define the relationship between mechanochemical transduction processes and cellular behavior in aging tissues.
Silver F H; DeVore D; Siperko L M
Journal of Applied Physiology
2003
2003-11
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00429.2003" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1152/japplphysiol.00429.2003</a>
The role of mineral in the storage of elastic energy in turkey tendons
age; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; collagen; crosslinks; mechanical properties; Polymer Science; tissue
Mammals elastically store energy in leg and foot tendons during locomotion. In the turkey, much of the force generated by the gastrocnemius muscle is stored as elastic energy during tendon deformation and not within the muscle. During growth, avian tendons mineralize in the portions distal to the muscle and show increased tensile strength and modulus as a result. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viscoelastic behavior of turkey tendons and self-assembled collagen fiber models to determine the molecular basis for tendon deformation. The stress-strain behavior of tendons and self-assembled collagen fibers was broken into elastic and viscous components. The elastic component was found to be to a first approximation independent of source of the collagen and to depend only on the extent of cross-linking. In the absence of cross-links the elastic component of the stress was found to be negligible for self-assembled type I collagen fibers. In the presence of cross-links the behavior approached that found for mineralized turkey tendons. The elastic constant for turkey tendon was shown to be between 5 and 7.75 GPa while it was about 6.43 Gpa for self-assembled collagen fibers aged for 6 months at 22 degreesC. The viscous component for mineralized turkey tendons was about the same as that of self-assembled collagen fibers aged for 6 months, a result suggesting that addition of mineral does not alter the viscous properties of tendon. It is concluded that elastic energy storage in tendons involves direct stretching of the collagen triple-helix, nonhelical ends, and cross-links between the molecules and is unaffected by mineralization. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that mineralization of turkey tendons is an efficient means of preserving elastic energy storage while providing for increased load-bearing ability required for locomotion of adult birds.
Silver F H; Christiansen D; Snowhill P B; Chen Y; Landis W J
Biomacromolecules
2000
2000
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1021/bm9900139" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1021/bm9900139</a>
THE AGING WORKER IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT - ORGANIZATIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL ISSUES
age; career development; job-performance; life-span; Psychology; validity
The impact of an aging workforce raises the biggest issues facing employers today. Middle age and older workers will become increasingly prevalent in the work place. In this article using five approaches to defining older workers as an organizing framework we review a number of these employment issues, The approaches include chronological, functional, psychosocial, organizational and life-span. physical and cognitive changes are addressed. Research supports the notion that older workers have the capacity to continue making contributions at work. A primary theme, regardless of the specific issue, is the predominant importance of individual differences. A lifespan approach accommodates individual differences in career patterns. The prevailing viewpoint is that adult and older adult workers need to be considered on an individual basis both in terms of career choices and planning as well as in terms of employment or promotional opportunities. Attention is given to the human resource policies that may impact older workers such as performance management, selection and training. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc
Sterns H L; Miklos S M
Journal of Vocational Behavior
1995
1995-12
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1995.0003" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1006/jvbe.1995.0003</a>
Skull of Megalohyrax eocaenus (Hyracoidea, Mammalia) from the Oligocene of Egypt
age; eocene; eutherian mammals; evolution; fayum; order; Paleontology; phylogeny; tree
The cranial anatomy of Megalohyrax eoceanus Andrews, 1903, a pliohyracid (Hyracoidea, Mammalia) from Oligocene levels of the Jebel Qatrani Formation of the Fayum Depression in Egypt, is described. Megalohyrax is the largest of the Fayum hyracoids, its skull is 391 mm long and the specimen described here is probably the best-preserved pliohyacid skull known. Megalohyrax has a strong lambdoid crest, a primitive alisphenoid canal, a notch for the minor palatine neurovascular group, orbits which are not anteriorly displaced, and a broad contact between the maxilla and frontal. In all of these features, Megalohyrax differs from modem hyracoids. Contrary to previous suggestions, the dental formula of Megalohyrax is 3.1.4.3, not similar to early sirenians (which have 5 premolars). Basioccipital morphology suggests that Megalohyrax may have had a eustachian sac.
Thewissen J G M; Simons E L
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2001
2001-03
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021%5B0098:somehm%5D2.0.co;2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021%5B0098:somehm%5D2.0.co;2</a>
Association of Thyroid, Breast and Renal Cell Cancer: A Population-based Study of the Prevalence of Second Malignancies
age; carcinoma; multiple primary breast; Oncology; primary tumors; risk; Surgery; united-states; women
Analysis of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data has shown that the incidence of thyroid cancer is higher in patients with a preexisting malignancy and that the incidence of other malignancies is higher in patients with thyroid cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of a second malignancy in patients treated for thyroid, breast or renal cell cancer and determine what associations, if any, exist between these cancers. This study utilized the novel data system, Explorys, as its population base. Patient cohorts were constructed using ICD-9 codes, and prevalence rates were obtained for each cancer. Rates of second malignancy were obtained and compared to the baseline prevalence for a particular malignancy. Female thyroid cancer patients had a 0.67- and twofold increase in prevalence of a subsequent breast and renal cell cancer. Female breast and renal cell cancer patients had a twofold and 1.5-fold increase in the prevalence of thyroid cancer, respectively. Male patients with thyroid cancer had a 29- and 4.5-fold increase in prevalence of subsequent breast and renal cell cancer. Male patients with breast and renal cell cancer had an increased prevalence of subsequent thyroid cancer, 19- and threefold, respectively. Our study demonstrated a bidirectional association between thyroid, breast and renal cancer in both male and female patients. This may have important implications for patient follow-up and screening after treatment of a primary cancer.
Van Fossen V L; Wilhelm S M; Eaton J L; McHenry C R
Annals of Surgical Oncology
2013
2013-04
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-012-2718-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1245/s10434-012-2718-3</a>
Geriatric renal function: Estimating glomerular filtration in an ambulatory elderly population
Urology & Nephrology; age; geriatrics; Cockroft-Gault; creatinine clearance; iohexol; iothalamate; renal function; serum creatinine
In elderly individuals, serum creatinine may remain normal as glomerular filtration rate (gfr) declines. Therefore, the estimation of glomerular filtration utilizing mathematical models incorporates age as an important variable. In order to adjust drug dosages and diagnose renal disease earlier in the elderly, a variety of such simplified estimates of gfr have been applied. Unfortunately, no estimator is as accurate as the cumbersome gold standards (e.g. inulin or iothalamate clearance) and the reliability of each may vary with the particular clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate three commonly used estimators of gfr - i.e., creatinine clearance (CC), Cockroft-Gault (CG), and 100 over serum creatinine (100/SC)- comparing them to iothalamate clearance (IC) in a group of healthy ambulatory geriatric subjects (n = 41; ages 65-85). IC declined 1 ml/min per year of age in our sample. CC demonstrated a similar decline, a correlation of 0.83 with IC, and moderate error relative to IC of 17% at the mean (standard error [SE] = 12.3), In contrast, 100/SC correlated only 0.56 with IC, demonstrated a large positive bias (41 ml/min). and showed no age-related decline. An age correction to 100/SC similar to that utilized in the CG formula was clearly necessary. Despite the age and weight correction used in the CG formula, we found the estimates from it to be inaccurate (correlation = 0.5; SE = 23.8). A simpler age-corrected formula (Est. IC = 1/2 [100/SC] + 88 - age) was derived and proved significantly superior to CG in our ambulatory geriatric sample, but still exhibited enough error (SE = 16.4) to question its clinical utility. It appears that serum creatinine based estimates of gfr in the elderly may not provide accurate results.
Baracskay D; Jarjoura D; Cugino A; Blend D; Rutecki G W; Whittier F C
Clinical Nephrology
1997
1997-04
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Histoenzymatic Staining For Amp Deaminase Alterations During Aging In Normal Versus Dystrophic Hamster Skeletal-muscles
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gilloteaux J; Ader M; Chen A Y; Bissler J
Age
1984
1984
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Progressive Myocardiac Hypertrophy In Aging Normal And Dystrophic Hamsters
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gilloteaux J; Bissler J
Age
1984
1984
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Why Do We Fail In Aging The Skull From The Sagittal Suture?
age; aging; Anthropology; cranium; Evolutionary Biology; sutures; synostosis
The controversy over the reliability of ectocranial suture status (open vs. closed) as an age estimation stimulated the pursuit of Meindl and Lovejoy's suggestion (Meindl and Lovejoy [1985]Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:57-66) for large scale analysis. The extent of the sagittal suture closure was assessed in 3,636 skulls from the Hamann-Todd and Terry collections. The debate over whether cranial suture ossification represents a pathologic or an age-predictable pathologic process also stimulated a comparison with age and two stress markers, hyperostosis frontalis interna and tuberculosis. Sagittal suture closure was found to be age-independent and sexually biased. The wide confidence intervals (for age) appear to preclude meaningful application of suture status for age determination. No correlation was found the tested biologic stressors. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hershkovitz I; Latimer B; DuTour O; Jellema L M; Wish-Baratz S; Rothschild C; Rothschild B M
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1997
1997-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199707)103:3%3C393::aid-ajpa8%3E3.0.co;2-r" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199707)103:3%3C393::aid-ajpa8%3E3.0.co;2-r</a>
The Use Of Abdominal Computed Tomography In Older Ed Patients With Acute Abdominal Pain
acute abdomen; acute appendicitis; age; diagnosis; diverticulitis; Emergency; Emergency Medicine; helical ct; impact; management; utility
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of use of abdominal computed tomography (CT) in older ED patients with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain, describe the most common diagnostic CT findings, and determine the proportion of diagnostic CT results. This was a prospective, observational, multicenter study of 337 patients 60 years or older. History was obtained prospectively; charts were reviewed for radiographic findings, dispositions, diagnoses, and clinical course, and patients were followed up at 2 weeks for additional information. The prevalence of use of abdominal CT was 37%. The most common diagnostic findings were diverticulitis (18%), bowel obstruction (18%), nephrolithiasis (10%), and gallbladder disease (10%). Eight percent of patients had findings suggestive of neoplasm. Overall, 57% of CT results were diagnostic (95% confidence interval [CI], 49%-66%), 75% (95% CI, 63%-84%) for patients requiring acute medical or surgical intervention, and 85% (95% CI, 62%-97%) for patients requiring acute surgical intervention. CT use is highly prevalent in older ED patients with acute abdominal pain. CT results are often diagnostic, especially for patients with emergent conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Hustey F M; Meldon S W; Banet G A; Gerson L W; Blanda M; Lewis L M
American Journal of Emergency Medicine
2005
2005-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2005.02.021" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.ajem.2005.02.021</a>
Can The Drinking Problem Index Provide Valuable Therapeutic Information For Recovering Alcoholic Adults?
age; early-onset; elderly people; epidemiology; Geriatrics & Gerontology; men; nonproblem; older persons; prevalence; problem drinkers; psychiatric-disorders; Psychiatry
This study investigated the use of the Drinking Problems Index (DPI; Finney et al., 1991) with middle-aged and older adults in treatment for alcohol abuse. Created to screen for middle-aged and older problem drinkers in the community, the DPI is a 17-item inventory assessing the frequency of alcohol-related problems. Our interest was to explore a new purpose for this tool: that of identifying adverse consequences from drinking which can be targeted in treatment planning for this group. Seventy-one participants with a primary diagnosis of alcohol dependence were individually administered the DPI along with additional measures of psychosocial functioning. As predicted, our recovering alcoholic adults did endorse a similar pattern of adverse consequences as compared to the normative group, but at notably higher frequencies. Further, the older adult sub-group endorsed fewer total items on the DPI relative to our middle-aged sub-group, with a differential pattern of frequent items evident. Significant relationships were observed between the DPI and age, education, psychological distress, history of prior drug use and number of prior treatments for alcohol use. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed age, psychological distress and time in treatment significantly accounted for 51% of the variance in DPI scores, with emotional distress and younger age contributing sizeable unique variance over and above the other examined predictors. The findings suggest that the DPI may be useful not only in classifying older problem drinkers, but also as a means to suggest possible avenues for individualized therapeutic interventions.
Kopera-Frye K; Wiscott R; Sterns H L
Aging & Mental Health
1999
1999-08
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/13607869956217" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/13607869956217</a>
Effects of gap position on perceptual gap detection across late childhood and adolescence.
children; human; age; development; primary auditory-cortex; acoustic startle; brain-stem response; maturation; temporal resolution; gap onset; temporal processing; frequency discrimination; informational masking; selective attention
The ability to detect a silent gap within a sound is critical for accurate speech perception, and gap detection has been shown to have an extended developmental trajectory. In certain conditions, the detectability of the gap decreases as the gap is placed closer to the beginning of the signal. Early in development, the detection of gaps shortly after signal onset may be especially difficult due to immaturities in the encoding and perception of rapidly changing sounds. The present study explored the development of gap detection from age 8 to 19 years, specifically when the temporal placement of the gap varied. Performance improved with age for all temporal placements of the gap, demonstrating a gradual maturation of gap detection abilities throughout adolescence. Younger adolescents did not benefit from increasing gap onset times, while older adolescents' thresholds gradually improved as gap onset time lengthened. Regardless of age, listeners learned between the two testing days but did not improve within days. Younger adolescents had poorer thresholds for the last block of testing on the second day, returning to baseline performance despite learning between days. These data support earlier studies showing that gaps are harder to detect near stimulus onset and confirm that gap detection abilities continue to mature into adolescence. The data also suggest that younger adolescents do not receive the same benefit of increasing gap onset time and respond differently to repeated testing than older adolescents and young adults.
Gay JD; Rosen MJ; Huyck JJ
Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
2020
2020-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-020-00756-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s10162-020-00756-1</a>