The development of long-term potentiation in hippocampus and neocortex.
Female; Animals; Neurons/physiology; Rats; Electric Stimulation; *Synaptic Transmission; Aging/*physiology; Synapses/physiology; Hippocampus/*physiology; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology; Memory/*physiology; Evoked Potentials; Mental Recall/*physiology; Visual Cortex/physiology; Visual Pathways/physiology; Inbred Strains
The development of long-term potentiation (LTP), an enduring alteration in synaptic efficacy following afferent activation, was examined in CA1 hippocampus and primary visual cortex of rat. Both regions show little LTP prior to postnatal day 5, demonstrate a maximal potentiated response around postnatal day 15, and a subsequent decline to adult levels. These results are discussed with respect to the underlying mechanism of action and behavioral significance of these critical-period phenomena.
Teyler T J; Perkins A T 4th; Harris K M
Neuropsychologia
1989
1989
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(89)90088-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0028-3932(89)90088-2</a>
Age-related changes in the spinal antinociceptive effects of DAGO, DPDPE and beta-endorphin in the rat.
Male; Animals; Rats; Analysis of Variance; Aging/*physiology; Injections; Analgesics/*pharmacology; Pain/*physiopathology; beta-Endorphin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Enkephalins/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Spine/drug effects/growth & development/*physiology; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Enkephalin; Inbred F344; Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Spinal; 5)-; D-Penicillamine (2
These studies were designed to investigate how the aging process alters the spinal antinociceptive efficacy of mu (mu), delta (delta) and epsilon (epsilon) opioid receptor agonists administered intrathecally (i.t.) in rats. Various doses of the mu agonist DAGO, the delta agonist DPDPE or the putative epsilon beta-endorphin were injected i.t. in young (5-6-month-old), mature (15-16-month-old) and aged (25-26-month-old) Fischer 344 rats. Antinociception was measured using the rat tail-flick analgesiometric assay. The data demonstrated a decline in spinal opioid-induced antinociception as a function of age. For instance, the i.t. dose of DPDPE or beta-endorphin needed to produce antinociception in the 25-26-month-old rats was higher than that needed to elevate tail-flick latency in the young and mature animals. We also noted that the i.t. doses of the opioid agonists needed to produce 'antinociception' in the aged cohort were within a range of spinal doses that produced motor impairment. Apparently, the aging process alters the ability of opioid receptors to mediate antinociception. Perhaps an age-related decrease in the number and/or affinity of opioid receptor sites in the rat spinal cord accounts for these observations.
Crisp T; Stafinsky J L; Hoskins D L; Perni V C; Uram M; Gordon T L
Brain research
1994
1994-04
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
An educational tool for understanding the cardiopulmonary changes associated with aging.
*Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; *Education; *Teaching Materials; Adult; Aged; Aging/*physiology; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Medical; Physiology/*education
Normal aging is associated with cardiac, vascular, and pulmonary adaptations that significantly affect the individual's ability to maintain homeostasis. To understand the changes associated with aging, we developed a laboratory exercise that compares and contrasts the cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in a young and an older individual. We also developed this interactive tool because it is our experience that learning is better facilitated when students are encouraged, and required, to become an active and integral part of the educational process. This exercise provides a unique opportunity to analyze, integrate, and interpret the changes associated with aging because more is learned about how a system operates when it is forced to perform than when it is idle. In this laboratory exercise, basic anatomical and physiological data about aging are provided. Subsequently, figures are presented that illustrate the responses of specific cardiopulmonary variables during exercise (e.g., heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure), and the students are challenged to analyze and assimilate information from the figures, answer questions, make calculations, and plot graphs. The laboratory does not require equipment or software, only rules and pencils. Questions, and answers to them, are provided in the appendix. The emphasis is on the application of basic science principles, interpretation of pictorial or tabular material, and problem solving skills. In addition, an evaluation instrument was developed to assess the effectiveness of this instructional tool in an academic setting. Specifically, the evaluation instrument addressed four major components, including aims and objectives, content of materials, components and organization, and summary and recommendations.
Chandler M P; DiCarlo S E
The American journal of physiology
1994
1994-12
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1152/advances.1994.267.6.S17" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1152/advances.1994.267.6.S17</a>
Effect of aging on the substance P receptor, NK-1, in the spinal cord of rats with peripheral nerve injury.
*Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Aging/*physiology; Animals; Computer-Assisted; Hot Temperature; Image Processing; Immunohistochemistry; Inbred BN; Inbred F344; Neurokinin-1/*metabolism; Rats; Receptors; Spinal Cord/*metabolism; Thermosensing/physiology; Touch/physiology
Substance P (SP) levels in the spinal cords of very old rats are less than the levels in younger rats (Bergman et al., 1996). After injury to a peripheral nerve in young rats, immunoreactivity (ir) to the SP receptor, NK-1 (neurokinin-1), increases in the spinal cord ipsilateral to the injury and the increases are correlated with the development of thermal hyperalgesia (Goff et al., 1998). Thus we postulated that aged rats might display an increased sensitivity to thermal stimulation before peripheral nerve injury and that they might respond differently to injury than do younger rats. To test this hypothesis, we used the Bennett and Xie model (1988) of chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve to induce a neuropathic pain condition. We investigated the effect of age on changes in NK-1 ir in superficial layers of the dorsal horn and on numbers of NK ir cells in deeper laminae at the L4-L5 levels of the spinal cord after CCI.
Cruce W L; Lovell J A; Crisp T; Stuesse S L
Somatosensory & Motor Research
2001
2001
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/08990220020021366" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/08990220020021366</a>
Microglial proliferation in the spinal cord of aged rats with a sciatic nerve injury.
*Antigens; *Avian Proteins; *Blood Proteins; Aging/*physiology; Animals; Basigin; CD; Cell Division/physiology; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia/pathology; Inbred F344; Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis; Microglia/chemistry/*cytology; Neoplasm; Posterior Horn Cells/*cytology; Rats; Sciatic Nerve/*injuries; Sciatica/pathology; Surface
Nerve injury may lead to chronic neuropathic pain syndromes. We determined whether the extent of central nervous system microglial activation that accompanies nerve injury is age dependent and correlated with behavioral manifestations of pain. We used the Bennett and Xie sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model (Bennett, G.J., Xie, Y.-K., A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man, Pain, 33 (1998) 87-107) to induce neuropathic pain in three age cohorts of Fischer 344 FBNF1 hybrid rats (4-6, 14-16, and 24-26 months). Rats were assessed for thermal sensitivity (hyperalgesia) of their hind paws pre-injury (day 0) and up to 35 days post injury. On various days post injury, the L4-L5 levels of their spinal cords were reacted for localization of an antibody to OX-42, a marker for microlgia. OX-42 immunoreactivity (ir) was quantified by use of a Bioquant density analysis system. OX-42 ir was heavy in areas of sciatic nerve primary afferent terminations and in the motor columns of its neurons. Aging increases
Stuesse S L; Cruce W L; Lovell J A; McBurney D L; Crisp T
Neuroscience letters
2000
2000-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01142-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01142-3</a>
Aging and neuropathic pain.
Aging/*physiology; Animals; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia/*physiopathology; Ligation; Male; Nociceptors/physiology; Pain/*physiopathology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology; Rats; Sciatic Nerve/injuries
Although chronic neuropathic pain disorders are more prevalent in the senescent population, little is known about how the aging process alters the thermal hyperalgesic sensitivity to peripheral nerve injury. In this study, neuropathic pain was induced in young, mature and aged FBNF1 hybrid rats via unilateral ligation of the left sciatic nerve. The extent to which the aging process affects the thermal hyperalgesic responsiveness of these animals was investigated. The results demonstrate that the aging process differentially alters nociceptive processing.
Novak J C; Lovell J A; Stuesse S L; Cruce W L; McBurney D L; Crisp T
Brain research
1999
1999-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01522-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01522-x</a>
Aging and sex differences in striatal dopaminergic function.
3; 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism; Aging/*physiology; Amphetamine/pharmacology; Animals; Chemical; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology; Dopamine/metabolism/*physiology; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Neostriatum/metabolism/*physiology; Organ Size/physiology; Potassium/pharmacology; Sex Characteristics; Stimulation; Uterus/physiology
In this report the potassium- (30 mM) and amphetamine- (10 microM) stimulated responses of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxy phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) from superfused striatal tissue of female and male mice as sampled at 2, 6, 18 and 24 months of age were compared. When assessed relative to responses obtained from
McDermott J L; Dluzen D E
Neuroscience
2007
2007-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.058" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.058</a>
Age-related changes in nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in heterozygous mutant dopamine transporter knock-out mice.
3; 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/*metabolism; Aging/*physiology; Animals; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/*genetics; Dopamine/*metabolism; Heterozygote; Inbred C57BL; Knockout; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Mutation; Substantia Nigra/*metabolism
In this report we compared three different parameters of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (NSDA) function - locomotor activity, striatal dopamine (DA) levels and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/DA ratios between heterozygous mutant dopamine transporter mice (+/- DAT) and their wild type controls (+/+ DAT) at three different age range periods: 4-10, 11-17 and 18-24 months of age. Locomotor activity of the +/- DAT mice failed to differ over the three age periods sampled. In +/+ DAT mice a significant decrease in locomotor activity was obtained at the
Dluzen Dean E; Ji Jing; McDermott Janet L
Neuroscience letters
2010
2010-05
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.04.004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.neulet.2010.04.004</a>
Role of inflammation in the aging bones.
*Models; Aging; Aging/*physiology; Animals; Biological; Bone adaptation; Bone and Bones/cytology/immunology/*physiopathology; Bone Marrow Cells/physiology; Bone resorption; Cell Differentiation/*physiology; Cumulative Trauma Disorders/physiopathology; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation/*physiopathology; Macrophages; Macrophages/*physiology; Osteoblasts; Osteoblasts/*physiology; Osteoclasts; Osteoclasts/*physiology
Chronic inflammation in aging is characterized by increased inflammatory cytokines, bone loss, decreased adaptation, and defective tissue repair in response to injury. Aging leads to inherent changes in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, resulting in impaired osteoblastogenesis. Also, the pro-inflammatory cytokines increase with aging, leading to enhanced myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) play pivotal roles in osteoblast differentiation, the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and subsequent bone repair. However, during aging, little is known about the role of macrophages in the differentiation and function of MSC and HSC. Aged mammals have higher circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines than young adults, supporting the hypothesis of increased inflammation with aging. This review will aid in the understanding of the potential role(s) of pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in relation to aging.
Abdelmagid Samir M; Barbe Mary F; Safadi Fayez F
Life sciences
2015
2015-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.011</a>
Effects of aging on spinal opioid-induced antinociception.
5)-; Aging/*physiology; Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Analgesics; Animals; D-Penicillamine (2; delta/agonists; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Enkephalin; Enkephalins/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Hot Temperature; Inbred F344; Injections; Male; mu/agonists; Nociceptors/*drug effects; Opioid; Opioid/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Pain Measurement/drug effects; Rats; Receptors; Spinal; Spinal Cord/*physiology
Initial experiments were conducted to determine whether or not the aging process alters the ability of young, mature, or aged male Fischer 344 rats (5- to 6-, 15- to 16-, and 25- to 26-months-old, respectively) to respond to thermal nociceptive stimuli. Using the tail-flick analgesiometric assay, 25- to 26-month-old rats responded significantly faster to the heat source than 15- to 16-month-old animals, but no significant differences were noted between the 5- to 6-month-old and aged rats. Another series of investigations compared the effects of aging on the spinal antinociceptive properties of the mu opioid agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol] enkephalin (DAMPGO) and the delta agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE). In these studies, young, mature, and aged rats were injected intrathecally (IT) with different doses of DAMPGO or DPDPE, and opioid-induced antinociception was tested on the tail-flick test. All three age groups responded to IT DAMPGO in a dose-dependent manner but, for the most part, higher spinal doses were required to produce significant elevations in tail-flick latency in the aged cohort of rats. The spinal analgesic effects of DPDPE also declined with advanced age. The aging process apparently alters the pain-inhibitory function of mu and delta opioid receptors in the rat spinal cord.
Crisp T; Stafinsky J L; Hoskins D L; Dayal B; Chinrock K M; Uram M
Neurobiology of aging
1994
1994-04
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(94)90108-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0197-4580(94)90108-2</a>
Age related changes of social memory/recognition in male Fischer 344 rats.
*Social Behavior; Aging/*physiology; Animal/physiology; Animals; Arousal/physiology; Female; Habituation; Inbred F344; Male; Mental Recall/*physiology; Psychophysiologic/*physiology; Psychophysiology; Rats; Retention (Psychology)/physiology; Sexual Behavior; Social Environment
Two different habituation-dishabituation test paradigms were used to evaluate differences in social memory/recognition among 3-, 15- and 22-month-old male Fischer 344 rats. For test 1, males received three 2-min exposures to the same stimulus ovariectomized female, followed by three 2-min exposures to a different stimulus female with an inter-trial interval of 6 min. All groups showed a habituation response with investigation times decreasing on trials 2 and 3. Introduction of a different stimulus female on trial 4 (dishabituation) resulted in significant differences with investigation times of the 3-month animals being significantly greater than both the 15- and 22-month animals and those of the 15- being greater than the 22-month animals. Notably, the 22-month-old animals failed to dishabituate on this task. For test 2, all animals received two trials with different stimulus females used in each trial. While investigation times of the
Guan X; Dluzen D E
Behavioural brain research
1994
1994-03
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(94)90011-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0166-4328(94)90011-6</a>
Neuropathic pain in aged rats: behavioral responses and astrocytic activation.
Aging/*physiology; Animal; Animal/*physiology; Animals; Astrocytes/*metabolism; Behavior; Cell Count; Disease Models; Functional Laterality/physiology; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism; Hyperalgesia/physiopathology; Immunohistochemistry; Inbred F344; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Nerve Crush/methods; Neuralgia/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology; Pain Measurement; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology; Posterior Horn Cells/*metabolism; Rats; Thermosensing/physiology; Touch/physiology; Up-Regulation/*physiology
We used the Bennett and Xie (1988) model of chronic neuropathic pain to study the effect of age on thermal and tactile sensitivity and on astrocytic activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after nerve injury. Fischer 344 FBNF1 hybrid rats in three age groups, 4-6, 14-16, and 24-26 months, were studied. Rats were either unligated (day 0, control) or the left sciatic nerve was loosely ligated to cause a chronic constriction injury (CCI). CCI causes a neuropathic pain condition characterized by tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Rats were behaviorally assessed for tactile and thermal sensitivity of their ligated and unligated hind paws up to 35 days postligation. Rats were sacrificed before or at various days postligation, and activated astrocytes were identified at the L4-L5 levels of their spinal cords by use of an antibody to glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). The number of GFAP-ir astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the control, uninjured condition decreased with age (P \textless or = 0.001) but increased after CCI in all three age groups. After CCI, astrocytic activation in the cord was less robust in aged rats than in younger ones (P \textless or = 0.01). Not all the CCI rats displayed hyperalgesia to touch and to heat. Rats with an increased sensitivity to heat had increased levels of GFAP-ir in their cords; however, rats with decreased thermal sensitivity also displayed increased
Stuesse S L; Crisp T; McBurney D L; Schechter J B; Lovell J A; Cruce W L
Experimental brain research
2001
2001-03
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s002210000630" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s002210000630</a>
Age-related size reduction of foramina in the cribriform plate.
80 and over; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aging/*physiology; Analysis of Variance; Ethmoid Bone/*anatomy & histology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Olfactory Nerve/anatomy & histology; Sex Distribution; Smell/physiology
Anecdotal evidence suggests that the foramina of the cribriform plate which transmit cranial nerve I decrease in size with age, but this finding has never been supported with quantitative data. It has also been observed that olfactory function declines with increasing age. It has been hypothesized that the cribriform plate foramina closure may be responsible for the olfactory performance decrease with age. We gathered quantitative data to test an age-related decline in cribriform plate foramina area. We report data for the area of patent foramina in the posterior 1 cm of 57 cribriform plates from 40 skulls of known age and sex. Analyses were performed to test for the effects of age, sex, and lateralization on foramina area. The area of patent foramina in the cribriform plate decreases with increasing age. Age is a strong covariate with foramina area (P value = 0.0025). The regression equation for the area of patent foramina is: expected area = 8.17 - (0.06) age. Adding the variable sex does not contribute significantly (P value \textgreater 0.28) to the model which utilizes age alone. Nor was there any significant lateralization in patent foramina area. The area of patent foramina in the cribriform plate decreases with increasing age, and there is no significant difference between males and females or left and right sides. Such decreases in patent foramina may be associated with impaired olfactory function in the aged.
Kalmey J K; Thewissen J G; Dluzen D E
The Anatomical record
1998
1998-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199807)251:3%3C326::aid-ar7%3E3.0.co;2-t" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199807)251:3%3C326::aid-ar7%3E3.0.co;2-t</a>