Nisoxetine infusion into the olfactory bulb enhances the capacity for male rats to identify conspecifics.
Adrenergic; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology; alpha/drug effects/metabolism; Animal/*drug effects/physiology; Animal/drug effects/physiology; Animals; Behavior; Drug Interactions/physiology; Female; Fluoxetine/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology; Hierarchy; Male; Norepinephrine/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism; Phentolamine/pharmacology; Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects/metabolism; Rats; Receptors; Recognition (Psychology)/*drug effects/physiology; Sexual Behavior; Smell/*drug effects/physiology; Social; Social Facilitation; Sprague-Dawley/anatomy & histology/*metabolism/psychology
In the present report, the norepinephrine uptake inhibitor nisoxetine as well as a cocktail of nisoxetine and the alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine were infused unilaterally into the olfactory bulb during microdialysis to assess their effects upon the capacity of male rats to identify conspecifics. A social discrimination test was conducted while simultaneously measuring olfactory bulb norepinephrine output in the dialysate before, during, and after behavioral testing. Nisoxetine significantly increased norepinephrine levels in the olfactory bulb compared with the Ringer's solution control group. Following such increases in olfactory bulb norepinephrine, identification responses were enhanced compared with that observed in the Ringer's control. In the presence of phentolamine, nisoxetine elevated olfactory bulb norepinephrine to levels similar to that obtained in the nisoxetine alone group, however, investigatory responses directed to the conspecifics indicated an absence of identification capacity similar to that observed in the Ringer's control group. These results reveal a direct link between norepinephrine transmission in the olfactory bulb and enhanced identification via its activation of postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors. These results also show that inhibition of norepinephrine uptake may represent an important mechanism involved with the enhancement of social identification and suggest a possible novel effect for the antidepressant nisoxetine.
Shang Y; Dluzen D E
Neuroscience
2001
1905-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00120-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00120-8</a>
L-dopa reverses castration-induced disruption of dishabituation responses to female chemical cues in male rats.
*Cues; *Orchiectomy; 3; 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism; Animal/*drug effects/physiology; Animals; Brain Chemistry/drug effects/physiology; Catecholamines/metabolism; Discrimination (Psychology)/drug effects; Female; Habituation; Levodopa/*pharmacology; Male; Olfactory Bulb/drug effects/metabolism/physiology; Psychophysiologic/*drug effects; Rats; Sexual Behavior; Sprague-Dawley; Urine/physiology
In the present experiment, habituation/dishabituation behavioral tests were conducted to measure discriminatory olfactory recognition responses to chemical cues among control, castrated, and castrated+L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-treated male rats. Castration produced a disruption of dishabituation responses to female urine, and this effect was reversed by treatment with L-DOPA. In the posterior olfactory bulb, 3,4-dihydroxyphenlacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were significantly increased in L-DOPA-treated animals compared with the vehicle-treated control and castrated groups. No significant differences in olfactory bulb norepinephrine or dopamine concentrations among the three treatment groups were obtained. The restoration of behavioral dishabituation responses following L-DOPA treatment suggests that the catecholaminergic system of the olfactory bulb may play a critical role in the recognition and possibly attractions for or preferences to female chemical cues.
Guan X; Dluzen D E
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
1994
1994-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90562-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0091-3057(94)90562-2</a>