Nisoxetine infusion into the olfactory bulb enhances the capacity for male rats to identify conspecifics.
Adrenergic; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology; alpha/drug effects/metabolism; Animal/*drug effects/physiology; Animal/drug effects/physiology; Animals; Behavior; Drug Interactions/physiology; Female; Fluoxetine/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology; Hierarchy; Male; Norepinephrine/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism; Phentolamine/pharmacology; Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects/metabolism; Rats; Receptors; Recognition (Psychology)/*drug effects/physiology; Sexual Behavior; Smell/*drug effects/physiology; Social; Social Facilitation; Sprague-Dawley/anatomy & histology/*metabolism/psychology
In the present report, the norepinephrine uptake inhibitor nisoxetine as well as a cocktail of nisoxetine and the alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine were infused unilaterally into the olfactory bulb during microdialysis to assess their effects upon the capacity of male rats to identify conspecifics. A social discrimination test was conducted while simultaneously measuring olfactory bulb norepinephrine output in the dialysate before, during, and after behavioral testing. Nisoxetine significantly increased norepinephrine levels in the olfactory bulb compared with the Ringer's solution control group. Following such increases in olfactory bulb norepinephrine, identification responses were enhanced compared with that observed in the Ringer's control. In the presence of phentolamine, nisoxetine elevated olfactory bulb norepinephrine to levels similar to that obtained in the nisoxetine alone group, however, investigatory responses directed to the conspecifics indicated an absence of identification capacity similar to that observed in the Ringer's control group. These results reveal a direct link between norepinephrine transmission in the olfactory bulb and enhanced identification via its activation of postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors. These results also show that inhibition of norepinephrine uptake may represent an important mechanism involved with the enhancement of social identification and suggest a possible novel effect for the antidepressant nisoxetine.
Shang Y; Dluzen D E
Neuroscience
2001
1905-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00120-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00120-8</a>
Castration increases nisoxetine-evoked norepinephrine levels in vivo within the olfactory bulb of male rats.
Animal/drug effects/physiology; Animals; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; Extracellular Space/metabolism; Fluoxetine/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology; Male; Microdialysis; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Norepinephrine/*metabolism; Olfactory Bulb/drug effects/*metabolism; Orchiectomy/*adverse effects; Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects/metabolism; Propylamines/pharmacology; Rats; Reproduction/*physiology; Sexual Behavior; Smell/drug effects/physiology; Sprague-Dawley; Symporters/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism; Testosterone/*deficiency/metabolism; Up-Regulation/drug effects/physiology
In the present experiment we compared differences in extracellular norepinephrine levels in vivo within the olfactory bulb of intact and castrated male rats following infusion of the norepinephrine transport inhibitors, nisoxetine and tomoxetine. With this approach it was possible to assess whether dynamic changes in in vivo norepinephrine transporter function occur as a function of the gonadal state of the animal. Norepinephrine levels following infusion of nisoxetine were significantly increased in castrated compared with intact male rats. While a similar trend was present in response to tomoxetine infusion, these differences failed to achieve a statistically significant difference. These results demonstrate that castration of male rats alters norepinephrine transporter function within the olfactory bulbs. The increased extracellular levels of norepinephrine in response to agents which inhibit transporter function suggest that castration reduces transporter activity. Such effects have important implications not only with regard to processes involving the norepinephrine system in the olfactory bulb but also to the generalized sites and mechanisms by which gonadal steroid hormones modulate central nervous system functions.
Shang Yili; Dluzen Dean E
Neuroscience letters
2002
2002-08
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00412-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00412-3</a>
Role of olfactory bulb norepinephrine in the identification and recognition of chemical cues.
Adrenergic Agents/pharmacology; Animal/drug effects/physiology; Animals; Benzylamines/pharmacology; Chemoreceptor Cells/drug effects/*physiology; Dopamine/physiology; Hypothalamus/physiology; Male; Mental Recall/drug effects/*physiology; Norepinephrine/*physiology; Olfactory Bulb/drug effects/*physiology; Rats; Sex Attractants/physiology; Sexual Behavior; Smell/drug effects/*physiology; Sprague-Dawley; Testosterone/physiology
In this report the role of olfactory bulb (OB) norepinephrine (NE) in the identification and recognition of urinary chemical cues was examined. In Experiment 1, sexually naive adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either the noradrenergic neurotoxin, DSP-4, or the water vehicle, and tested for their ability to identify and recognize urinary chemical cues using a habituation-dishabituation paradigm. Treatment with DSP-4 produced an overall decrease in the amount of investigation directed to urine stimuli, with greatest reductions to urine from Zucker females. Overall, DSP-4 treatment did not alter habituation-dishabituation responses. Animals treated with DSP-4 showed a significant reduction in OB-NE, but not dopamine, concentrations. In Experiment 2, hypothalamic catecholamine concentrations and serum samples assayed for testosterone were determined from identically treated animals. Although the NE and dopamine content in MBH was significantly lower in the DSP-4 group, no significant differences in testosterone concentrations were obtained between
Guan X; Blank J L; Dluzen D E
Physiology & behavior
1993
1993-03
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(93)90136-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0031-9384(93)90136-4</a>