Browse Items · NEOMED Bibliography Database

Human zoonotic infections transmitted by dogs and cats.

Dogs and cats are the 2 most common household pets. However, they may be a direct or indirect source of human infections. This article aims to familiarize physicians with some common and uncommon bacterial, rickettsial, parasitic, and fungal zoonotic…

Tags: *Cats, *Disease Vectors, *Dogs, 1997, Animals, Archives of internal medicine, Bacterial Infections/transmission/veterinary, Cat Diseases/transmission, Dog Diseases/transmission, Ectoparasitic Infestations/transmission/veterinary, Helminthiasis/transmission, Humans, Protozoan Infections/transmission, Tan J S, Zoonoses/*transmission

Cranial shape in fruit, nectar, and exudate feeders: implications for interpreting the fossil record.

At least 29 species of fossil primates have been referred to fruit, nectar, and/or exudate feeding dietary niches. Many studies have detailed the morphological correlates of fruit feeding in comparison to insectivory and folivory. In contrast, few…

Tags: *Dentition, *Diet, *Fruit, 1997, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Biological Evolution, Chiroptera, Discriminant Analysis, Dumont E R, Fossils, Primates, Skull/*anatomy & histology, Species Specificity

The relation between hand morphology and quadrupedalism in primates.

Primate hands can be classified into two broad categories on the basis of ray proportions and other features. Ectaxonic hands are characterized by a longer fourth ray and are found in most strepsirhines. Most haplorhines possess mesaxonic hands which…

Tags: *Walking, 1998, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Gait, Hand Strength, Hand/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging, Lemelin P, Primates/*anatomy & histology/classification, Radiography, Schmitt D, Species Specificity, Ulna/anatomy & histology, Videotape Recording

Brainstem neurons with descending projections to the spinal cord of two elasmobranch fishes: thornback guitarfish, Platyrhinoidis triseriata, and horn shark, Heterodontus francisci.

We studied two cartilaginous fishes and described their brainstem supraspinal projections because most nuclei in the reticular formation can be identified that way. A retrogradely transported tracer, horseradish peroxidase or Fluoro-Gold, was…

Inputs to combination-sensitive neurons of the inferior colliculus.

In the mustached bat, combination-sensitive neurons display integrative responses to combinations of acoustic elements in biosonar or social vocalizations. One type of combination-sensitive neuron responds to multiple harmonics of the…

Tags: *Brain Mapping, 1999, Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Auditory, Brain Stem/*physiology, Chiroptera/*physiology, College of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Evoked Potentials, Grose C D, Inferior Colliculi/*physiology, Mittmann D H, NEOMED College of Medicine, Neurons/*physiology, The Journal of comparative neurology, Wenstrup J J

Ultrastructural aspects of human gallbladder epithelial cells in cholelithiasis: production of anionic mucus.

The surface epithelium of 28 gallbladders removed during elective cholecystectomies and pathology collection was studied ultrastructurally. Focusing on 10 of the 28 cases that were diagnosed as cholecystitis, we found that the epithelium displayed…

Stability of myosin heavy chain isoforms in selectively denervated adult rat muscle spindles.

BACKGROUND: Rat intrafusal fibers consist of multiple isoforms of myosin heavy chains (MHCs) whose expression involves complex interactions among motor neurons, sensory neurons, and muscle cells during spindle development. Little is known about the…

Quantifying rat pulmonary intravascular mononuclear phagocytes.

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) protect the host by clearing effete and foreign particulates from the circulation. The current study was designed to identify, quantify, harvest, and provide a partial functional characterization of the…

Inhibition of long-term potentiation development in rat hippocampal slice by alpha 2-macroglobulin, an acute-phase protein in the brain.

Alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) in the rat and human brain is an acute-phase protein synthesized primarily by astrocytes, and it has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and other neuropathological processes. The activated forms of alpha 2M, but…

Tags: 1996, alpha-Macroglobulins/*pharmacology, Animals, Cavus I, Electric Stimulation, Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Journal of neuroscience research, Koo P H, Long-Term Potentiation/*drug effects, Methylamines/pharmacology, Neurites/drug effects/*physiology, Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/physiology, Rats, Synapses/drug effects/physiology, Synaptic Transmission/drug effects, Teyler T J, Time Factors

Inhibition of dopamine and choline acetyltransferase concentrations in rat CNS neurons by rat alpha 1- and alpha 2-macroglobulins.

Previous studies have implicated human alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) as a potential regulator of neuronal development and function. Rat alpha-1-macroglobulin (alpha1M) and acute-phase alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) are murine homologues of human…

Afferent-inherent regulation of myosin heavy chain isoforms in rat muscle spindles.

Whether afferents exert their morphogenetic influence on spindles through release of trophic factors at intrafusal fiber junctions or via participation in proprioceptive pathways which modulate the motor activity to muscles was investigated by…

NMDA receptor-independent LTP in basal versus apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slice.

The ability of hippocampal CA1 basal synapses to express N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-independent long-term potentiation (non-NMDA LTP) was studied and compared to the simultaneously induced apical dendritic non-NMDA LTP. Non-NMDA LTP in…

Protein kinase and phosphatase activity regulate the form of synaptic plasticity expressed.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are calcium-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity observed in area CA1 of the hippocampus. Low-frequency tetani (1-5 Hz) activates protein phosphatases to induce LTD, whereas high-frequency…

Tags: 1996, Animals, Calcium/pharmacology, Coussens C M, Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*physiology, Protein Kinases/*physiology, Rats, Synapse (New York, N.Y.), Synaptic Transmission/drug effects/*physiology, Teyler T J

Multiple binding sites for [125I]RTI-121 and other cocaine analogs in rat frontal cerebral cortex.

In an effort to identify novel binding sites for cocaine and its analogs, we carried out binding studies with the high-affinity and selective ligand [125I]RTI-121 in rat frontal cortical tissue. Very low densities of binding sites were found.…

Castration differentially alters [3H]nisoxetine binding to norepinephrine uptake sites in olfactory bulb and frontal cortex of male rats.

In the present study, [3H]nisoxetine binding to norepinephrine (NE) uptake sites and [3H]norepinephrine uptake were investigated within olfactory bulb (OB) and frontal cortex homogenates from intact and castrated male rats. Statistically significant…

Tags: *Orchiectomy, 1999, Adrenergic/drug effects/*metabolism, Animals, Boja J W, Dluzen D E, Fluoxetine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism, Frontal Lobe/drug effects/*metabolism, Kinetics, Male, Norepinephrine/metabolism, Olfactory Bulb/drug effects/*metabolism, Rats, Receptors, Shang Y, Sprague-Dawley, Synapse (New York, N.Y.), Synaptosomes/drug effects/metabolism, Testosterone/pharmacology

Retrograde axonal tracing with fluorescent markers.

The growth of fluorescence imaging technology and the development of sensitive fluorescent retrograde tracers has provided many new approaches for analyzing neuronal circuits. Fluorescent markers provide unparalleled opportunity for combining axonal…

Tags: *Fluorescent Dyes, 2008, Animals, Axons/*ultrastructure, Current protocols in neuroscience, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Fluorescent Antibody Technique/*methods, Humans, NEOMED College of Medicine, Neural Pathways/*anatomy & histology, Schofield Brett R

Endocardial surface and atrial morphological changes during development and aging.

Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic observations related to morphological changes of the right atrium as well as the atrial endocardium during development (15th embryonic day and 1 day old) and aging (560 days old) in the Syrian…

Tags: *Aging, 1989, Animals, Cricetinae, Electron, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Endocardium/embryology/growth & development/*ultrastructure, Endothelium/ultrastructure, Female, Gilloteaux J, Heart Atria/embryology/growth & development/*ultrastructure, Linz D, Male, Mesocricetus, Microscopy, Microvilli/ultrastructure, Pregnancy, Scanning, The American journal of anatomy

Comparison of arthritis characteristics in lowland Gorilla gorilla and mountain Gorilla beringei.

Gorilla gorilla and the less-studied G. beringei occupy very different, geographically separate habitats. We studied the occurrence of various forms of arthritis to examine possible nature/nurture causality. The macerated skeletons of 38 G. beringei…

Tags: *Gorilla gorilla, 2005, Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology, American journal of primatology, Animals, Ape Diseases/*epidemiology/*pathology, Arthritis/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary, Bone and Bones/pathology, Joints/pathology, Rothschild Bruce M, Ruhli Frank J, Species Specificity

Etiology of reactive arthritis in Pan paniscus, P. troglodytes troglodytes, and P. troglodytes schweinfurthii.

The character of arthritis has not received the same attention in Pan paniscus as it has in P. troglodytes. Reactive arthritis (a form of spondyloarthropathy) in the latter has been considered to be either a sexually transmitted or an…

Tags: *Environment, *Pan paniscus, *Pan troglodytes, 2005, Africa South of the Sahara, American journal of primatology, Animal/*physiology, Animals, Ape Diseases/*etiology/*pathology, Arthritis, Bone and Bones/pathology, Joints/pathology, Reactive/etiology/pathology/*veterinary, Rothschild Bruce M, Ruhli Frank J, Sexual Behavior, Species Specificity

Interspecific analysis of covariance structure in the masticatory apparatus of galagos.

The primate masticatory apparatus (MA) is a functionally integrated set of features, each of which performs important functions in biting, ingestive, and chewing behaviors. A comparison of morphological covariance structure among species for these MA…

Tags: 2007, American journal of primatology, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Body Size, Diet, Jaw/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Lorisidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Mastication/physiology, Multivariate Analysis, Phylogeny, Vinyard Christopher J

Thyroid hormone fluctuations indicate a thermoregulatory function in both a tropical (Alouatta palliata) and seasonally cold-habitat (Macaca fuscata) primate.

Thyroid hormones boost animals' basal metabolic rate and represent an important thermoregulatory pathway for mammals that face cold temperatures. Whereas the cold thermal pressures experienced by primates in seasonal habitats at high latitudes and…

New technique for studying reaction forces during primate behaviors on vertical substrates.

Recording reaction forces from primates during behaviors on vertical substrates, such as leaping, climbing, or biting trees, typically requires the design and construction of customized recording devices or mounting commercially available force…

Tags: 2004, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biophysics/instrumentation, Ergometry/*instrumentation/*methods, Motor Activity/*physiology, Primates/*physiology, Schmitt Daniel, Vinyard Christopher J

Jaw-muscle electromyography during chewing in Belanger's treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri).

We examined masseter and temporalis recruitment and firing patterns during chewing in five male Belanger's treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri), using electromyography (EMG). During chewing, the working-side masseters tend to show almost three times more…

Tags: 2005, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography, Hylander William L, Johnson Kirk R, Mastication/*physiology, Masticatory Muscles/*physiology, Models, Muscle Contraction/*physiology, Phylogeny, Time Factors, Tupaia/*physiology, Vinyard Christopher J, Wall Christine E, Williams Susan H

Masseter electromyography during chewing in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta).

We examined masseter recruitment and firing patterns during chewing in four adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), using electromyography (EMG). During chewing of tougher foods, the working-side superficial masseter tends to show, on average, 1.7…

Tags: 2006, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Bite Force, Electromyography/methods, Female, Hylander William L, Johnson Kirk R, Lemur/*physiology, Male, Masseter Muscle/*physiology, Mastication/*physiology, Neurophysiological/physiology, Recruitment, Vinyard Christopher J, Wall Christine E, Williams Susan H

An interspecific analysis of relative jaw-joint height in primates.

Jaw-joint height (JJH) above the occlusal plane is thought to be influenced by cranial base angle (CBA) and facial angulation during growth. To better understand how JJH relates to midline craniofacial form, we test the hypothesis that relative…

Tags: 2010, American journal of physical anthropology, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Armfield Brooke A, Female, Haplorhini/*anatomy & histology, Male, Phylogeny, Posture/*physiology, Regression Analysis, Skull/anatomy & histology, Strepsirhini/*anatomy & histology, Temporomandibular Joint/*anatomy & histology, Vinyard Christopher J

Gait selection and the ontogeny of quadrupedal walking in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis).

Locomotor researchers have long known that adult primates employ a unique footfall sequence during walking. Most mammals use lateral sequence (LS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by ipsilateral forefoot touchdowns. In contrast, most…

Tags: 2012, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology, Body Size, Cross-Sectional Studies, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Female, Gait/*physiology, Logistic Models, NEOMED College of Medicine, Saimiri/*physiology, Walking/*physiology, Young Jesse W

Angular momentum and arboreal stability in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Despite the importance that concepts of arboreal stability have in theories of primate locomotor evolution, we currently lack measures of balance performance during primate locomotion. We provide the first quantitative data on locomotor stability in…

Grasping primate development: Ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella).

Young primates have relatively large hands and feet for their body size, perhaps enhancing grasping ability. We test the hypothesis that selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for these scaling trends by examining the ontogeny of…

Relative tooth size at birth in primates: Life history correlates.

OBJECTIVES: Dental eruption schedules have been closely linked to life history variables. Here we examine a sample of 50 perinatal primates (28 species) to determine whether life history traits correlate with relative tooth size at birth. MATERIALS…

Behavioral implications of ontogenetic changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions in olive baboons (Papio Anubis).

OBJECTIVES: Relatively long digits are considered to enhance grasping performance in primates. We tested whether growth-related changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions may have behavioral implications for growing animals, by examining whether…

Developments in development: What have we learned from primate locomotor ontogeny?

The importance of locomotion to evolutionary fitness has led to extensive study of primate locomotor behavior, morphology and ecology. Most previous research has focused on adult primates, but in the last few decades, increased attention to locomotor…

Apical excrescences in the gallbladder epithelium of the female Syrian hamster in response to medroxyprogesterone.

All the intact female Syrian hamsters treated with medroxyprogesterone (MP) for a one-month period, without dietary manipulation, display gallbladder surface epithelial changes, and intraluminal deposits. These changes include excrescences in various…

Age- and site-specific decline in insulin-like growth factor-I receptor expression is correlated with differential growth plate activity in the mouse hindlimb.

The proximal and distal growth plates of the principal long bones do not contribute equally to longitudinal growth. Most forelimb elongation occurs at the shoulder and wrist, while most hindlimb growth occurs at the knee. This study examined whether…

Tags: 2007, Age Factors, Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), Animals, Biological Evolution, Growth Plate/*metabolism/physiology, Hindlimb/*growth & development/metabolism, IGF Type 1/*metabolism, Inbred C57BL, King Donna, Lovejoy C Owen, Mice, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism, Receptor, Serrat Maria A

Sound transmission in archaic and modern whales: anatomical adaptations for underwater hearing.

The whale ear, initially designed for hearing in air, became adapted for hearing underwater in less than ten million years of evolution. This study describes the evolution of underwater hearing in cetaceans, focusing on changes in sound transmission…

Evolution of hyperphalangy and digit reduction in the cetacean manus.

Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) have a soft tissue flipper that encases most of the forelimb, and elongated digits with an increased number of phalanges (hyperphalangy). In addition, some cetaceans exhibit a reduction in digit number.…

Tags: *Adaptation, *Biological Evolution, 2007, Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), Animals, Berta Annalisa, Cetacea/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Cooper Lisa Noelle, Dawson Susan D, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Forelimb/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Morphogenesis, NEOMED College of Medicine, Newborn, Phylogeny, Physiological, Reidenberg Joy S

Neuromuscular anatomy and evolution of the cetacean forelimb.

The forelimb of cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) has been radically modified during the limb-to-flipper transition. Extant cetaceans have a soft tissue flipper encasing the manus and acting as a hydrofoil to generate lift. The…

Murine metapodophalangeal sesamoid bones: morphology and potential means of mineralization underlying function.

Normal murine metapodophalangeal sesamoid bones, closely associated with tendons, were examined in terms of their structure and mineralization with reference to their potential function following crystal deposition. This study utilized radiography,…

A preliminary analysis of the relationship between jaw-muscle architecture and jaw-muscle electromyography during chewing across primates.

The architectural arrangement of the fibers within a muscle has a significant impact on how a muscle functions. Recent work on primate jaw-muscle architecture demonstrates significant associations with dietary variation and feeding behaviors. In this…

Tags: *Mastication, 2010, Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), Animals, Electromyography, Jaw/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Masseter Muscle/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Primates/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Taylor Andrea B, Temporal Muscle/*anatomy & histology/physiology, Vinyard Christopher J

Fetal lung epithelial ion channels relocate in the cell membrane during late gestation.

Near the end of gestation, the direction of ion and fluid flow across the alveolar epithelium rapidly changes from secretion to absorption. Thus, the relative cell membrane location of epithelial Na channels (ENaCs) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane…

Development of the skull of the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata).

We describe the bony and cartilaginous structures of five fetal skulls of Stenella attenuata (pantropical spotted dolphin) specimens. The specimens represent early fetal life as suggested by the presence of rostral tactile hairs and the beginnings of…

Tags: 2011, Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), Animals, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Ear, Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology/growth & development, Middle/anatomy & histology/growth & development, Moran Meghan M, NEOMED College of Medicine, Nummela Sirpa, Skull/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development, Stenella/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development, Thewissen J G M

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