Management of Phenobarbital and Apixaban Interaction in Recurrent Cardioembolic Stroke.
King Philip K; Stump Trevor A; Walkama Allyn M; Ash Benjamin M; Bowling Susana M
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2018
2018-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1060028018759938" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/1060028018759938</a>
Management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with diabetes mellitus
bacteriuria; diabetes mellitus; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; urinary-tract infections; women
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in patients with diabetes mellitus. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE (1967-June 2003) and bibliographic search of the English-language literature was conducted using the search terms diabetes mellitus, asymptomatic, bacteriuria, and urinary tract infection. DATA SYNTHESIS: ASB occurs in diabetic women more commonly than in non-diabetics and is associated with an increased risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Symptomatic UTIs tend to follow a more complicated course in diabetics. Despite these independent observations, antimicrobial therapy has not been shown to reduce symptomatic UTIs, pyelonephritis, or hospitalization for UTI. CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence does not support antimicrobial treatment of ASB among patients with diabetes mellitus.
Ooi S T; Frazee L A; Gardner W G
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2004
2004-03
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1D355" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1345/aph.1D355</a>
TREATMENT OF UROKINASE-RELATED ANAPHYLACTOID REACTION WITH INTRAVENOUS FAMOTIDINE
Pharmacology & Pharmacy; urticaria
OBJECTIVE: We describe our experience with an anaphylactoid reaction to urokinase and the treatment used. We also discuss the use of histamine H-1- and H-2-blockers in combination for the treatment of allergic anaphylactoid reactions. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Observation of a patient who had a pulmonary embolism. INTERVENTION: During the use of urokinase, in treatment of a pulmonary embolism, the patient developed an anaphylactoid reaction that did not respond to diphenhydramine or hydrocortisone. Famotidine was administered. RESULTS: Abatement of urticaria and normalization of vital signs were obtained soon after famotidine was given. Completion of thrombolysis took place. CONCLUSIONS: Further investigation of the use of H-1- and H-2-blocking agents in the presence of anaphylactoid reactions to thrombolytic agents should be performed. Consideration of intravenous famotidine for the treatment of anaphylactoid-type reactions to urokinase is suggested.
Vidovich R R; Heiselman D E; Hudock D
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1992
1992-06
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600608" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/106002809202600608</a>
ANAPHYLACTOID REACTION TO INTRAVENOUS ACETYLCYSTEINE ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES
Pharmacology & Pharmacy; n-acetylcysteine; adverse reactions; acetaminophen overdose
OBJECTIVE: To review the potential for anaphylactoid reactions to intravenously administered acetylcysteine when used in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. This case is unique in that electrocardiographic changes, including ST segment depression and T-wave inversion were associated with the episode and complicated the diagnosis. DATA SOURCES: Reference articles and letters are identified in the text. DATA SYNTHESIS: Intravenous administration of acetylcysteine has been used in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. This route may be considered in some clinical situations where oral therapy is complicated. Anaphylactoid reactions, including cutaneous eruptions, flushing, chest pain, tachycardia, and fever have been reported in up to three percent of patients receiving intravenous acetylcysteine. The nature of these reactions and evidence concerning their etiology suggest a histamine-release phenomenon. Response to intervention with antihistamines and the safety of further acetylcysteine administration are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates a variant anaphylactoid reaction to intravenously administered acetylcysteine and emphasizes the need for practitioners to consider the potential for these reactions prior to initiation of therapy and indicates appropriate treatment of these reactions.
Bonfiglio M F; Traeger S M; Hulisz D T; Martin B R
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1992
1992-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600105" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/106002809202600105</a>
THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN INTENSIVE-CARE PATIENTS - A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF RISK-FACTORS IN 314 PATIENTS
vancomycin; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; antibodies; respiratory-distress syndrome; septicemia; heparin-associated thrombocytopenia; intravascular coagulation
OBJECTIVE: To define the incidence and severity of thrombocytopenia in a mixed medical-surgical population of critically ill patients and to examine factors that may be related to the development of thrombocytopenia. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 314 critically ill patients requiring at least 3 days of critical care. SETTING: A 17-bed combined medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a 560-bed tertiary care community hospital. PATIENTS: Medical and surgical patients admitted to the ICU. INTERVENTIONS: All medical records over the duration of the ICU stay were reviewed, All scheduled medications, including dosage and start/stop dates, were recorded. All platelet counts, placement of pulmonary artery catheters, liver function test results, and admission serum creatinine concentrations were collected. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 200 x 10(9)/L) was observed frequently, but rarely reached a severe stage (7 patients). No single diagnostic category was significantly associated with thrombocytopenia alone, although the combination of sepsis syndrome/septic shock and respiratory failure was strongly correlated (p < 0.0001) with thrombocytopenia. Liver function abnormalities were correlated strongly with thrombocytopenia, and the majority of patients (5 of 7) with severe thrombocytopenia (less than 20 x 10(9)/L) were found to have concurrent severe alterations in liver function test results. Pulmonary artery catheter placement and heparin exposure were associated strongly with thrombocytopenia (p < 0.0001). Drug therapies that were correlated with thrombocytopenia included heparin and vancomycin (p < 0.05). Hemodynamic instability was correlated strongly with the presence and severity of thrombocytopenia. In a stepwise linear regression model, the admission platelet count accounted for the largest proportion of the variance (43%), followed by hemodynamic instability (8%) and the requirement for inotropic agents (2%). CONCLUSIONS: Thrombocytopenia in the critically ill occurs frequently, rarely reaches severely depressed concentrations, and primarily represents a manifestation of disease processes initiated prior to admission. Hemodynamic instability and/or heparin exposure appear to be the strongest identifiable correlates with thrombocytopenia. Although these may cause infrequent isolated cases, other specific drug causes of thrombocytopenia are not responsible for the majority of cases of thrombocytopenia in the critically ill.
Bonfiglio M F; Traeger S M; Kier K L; Martin B R; Hulisz D T; Verbeck S R
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1995
1995-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/106002809502900901" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/106002809502900901</a>
Denosumab in Osteoporosis and Oncology
Prostate cancer; breast-cancer; osteoporosis; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; postmenopausal women; breast-cancer; bone-mineral density; tumor; metastases; ligand; biochemical markers; bisphosphonate therapy; bone metastases; denosumab; monoclonal antibody; multiple; myeloma; necrosis factor; phase-ii; RANKL; solid tumor; turnover; zoledronic acid
OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, efficacy, and use of denosumab in osteoporosis, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma. DATA SOURCES: Studies and abstracts were identified through MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1966-July 2009). Key search terms include denosumab, AMG-162, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand system. Information available in abstract form was retrieved from major oncology and bone metabolism meetings. Additional data were obtained from the manufacturer. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All available studies in humans were included except for studies in rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell tumor of the bone. DATA SYNTHESIS: In patients with osteoporosis, denosumab significantly reduces bone resorption and fractures. Studies of denosumab in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis have demonstrated significantly increased bone mineral density and reduced bone turnover markers. Studies of denosumab versus placebo in the treatment of osteoporosis have demonstrated reductions in vertebral, hip, and nonvertebral fractures. In oncology, positive results from clinical trials in patients receiving endocrine therapy for breast and prostate cancer demonstrated decreases in bone loss and skeletal-related events. Denosumab seems to be at least as effective in reducing bone turnover markers as intravenous bisphosphonates in the oncology setting. The most common adverse effects in patients with osteoporosis were arthralgia, nasopharyngitis, back pain, and headache. The most common adverse effects in patients with cancer were infection, pain in the extremities, arthralgia, bone pain, fatigue, and pain. Serious adverse effects include infections requiring hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Denosumab has documented efficacy and safety in patients with osteoporosis, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Additional clinical trial data are needed to more completely establish the effectiveness of denosumab in the treatment of osteoporosis and neoplastic disease as well as its cost-effectiveness and long-term safety.
Burkiewicz J S; Scarpace S L; Bruce S P
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2009
2009-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1M102" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1345/aph.1M102</a>
Assessment And Revision Of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Internet Web Sites
cancer; clinical pharmacy; information; Internet; osteoporosis; pharmacist; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; quality; Web site; websites
Edwards K L; Salvo M C; Ward K E; Attridge R T; Kiser K; Pinner N A; Gallegos P J; Kesteloot L L; Hylton A; Bookstaver P B
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2014
2014-02
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1060028013510899" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/1060028013510899</a>
Duration Of Anticoagulant Therapy After Initial Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism
anticoagulation; antiphospholipid syndrome; deep-vein thrombosis; duration of therapy; factor-v-leiden; first episode; heterozygous carriers; idiopathic venous thromboembolism; intensity warfarin therapy; long-term; medical progress; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; pulmonary-embolism; risk; warfarin
Frazee L A; Chomo D L
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2003
2003-10
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1C486" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1345/aph.1C486</a>
Use Of Intravenous Valproic Acid For Acute Migraine
headache; migraine headache; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; sodium valproate; valproic acid
Frazee L A; Foraker K C
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2008
2008-03
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1K531" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1345/aph.1K531</a>
Long-term Prophylaxis Of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis In Patients With Cirrhosis
1st episode; antibiotic-prophylaxis; antimicrobial; ascites; ascitic fluid; cirrhosis; double-blind; gastrointestinal hemorrhage; infection; opsonic activity; peritonitis; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; predictive factors; prevention; randomized-trial
Frazee L A; Marinos A E; Rybarczyk A M; Fulton S A
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2005
2005-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1E585" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1345/aph.1E585</a>
Nefazodone Overdose
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gaffney P N; Schuckman H A; Beeson M S
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1998
1998-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1345/aph.17381" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1345/aph.17381</a>
Suspected Cross-reactivity Of Enalapril-induced And Captopril-induced Hepatotoxicity
hepatitis; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
OBJECTIVE: To present evidence that enalapril and captopril may produce hepatotoxicity by a common mechanism. DATA SOURCES: A case report and review of pertinent literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: A patient developed hepatotoxicity once while taking enalapril and again while taking captopril. Hepatotoxicity resolved with cessation of therapy. Hepatotoxicity has been reported with use of captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril. Apparent cross-reactivity has been reported on just one other occasion. CONCLUSIONS: Because hepatotoxicity is uncommon with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, our observations suggest the possibility that these agents produce hepatotoxicity by a common mechanism. In patients who develop hepatotoxicity while taking one ACE inhibitor, other agents in this class probably should be avoided.
Hagley M T; Benak R L; Hulisz D T
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1992
1992-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600607" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/106002809202600607</a>
Pronounced Metabolic Response To Modest Theophylline Overdose
intoxication; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; toxicity
OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient who developed significant metabolic abnormalities in response to a low-level theophylline ingestion. CASE SUMMARY: An 18-year-old man was examined after ingesting theophylline 3 g in a suicide attempt. Although his peak theophylline concentration was 157 mumol/L (28.2 mug/mL), it was associated with significant leukocytosis, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperglycemia, and lactic acidosis. These abnormalities have been previously associated with theophylline intoxication, but only in conjunction with much higher peak concentrations of theophylline. CONCLUSIONS: Significant metabolic abnormalities can occur with suicidal ingestion of relatively small amounts of theophylline. The presence of these abnormalities should be sought in theophylline overdoses. In the proper clinical circumstances, such abnormalities should raise suspicion of covert theophylline ingestion.
Hagley M T; Traeger S M; Schuckman H
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1994
1994-02
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/106002809402800207" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/106002809402800207</a>