Physical Compatibility Of 4% Sodium Citrate With Selected Antimicrobial Agents
Aminoglycosides; antibiotic-lock technique; antibiotics; Anticoagulants; Antiinfective agents; catheter-related infection; Concentration; Daptomycin; Gentamicin; hemodialysis; Hydrogen ion concentration; Incompatibilities; Injections; Linezolid; management; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Photodecomposition; Precipitation; prevention; Sodium citrate; Spectrometry; Stability; Storage; Temperature; Tobramycin; Turbidity; Vancomycin
Dotson B; Lynn S; Savakis K; Churchwell M D
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
2010
2010-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp090505" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.2146/ajhp090505</a>
Guidelines for empiric antimicrobial prescribing in community-acquired pneumonia.
Antibiotics; United States; Canada; Europe; Comparative Studies; Practice Guidelines; Drug Resistance; Pneumonia; Microbial; Antiinfective Agents; Community-Acquired Infections – Drug Therapy; Bacterial – Drug Therapy; Antibiotics – Administration and Dosage; Fluoroquinolone – Therapeutic Use; Macrolide – Therapeutic Use; Lactam – Therapeutic Use
Empiric antimicrobial prescribing for community-acquired pneumonia remains a challenge, despite the availability of treatment guidelines. A number of key differences exist between North American and European guidelines, mainly in the outpatient setting. The North American approach is to use initial antimicrobial therapy, which provides coverage for Streptococcus pneumoniae plus atypical pathogens. Europeans tend to focus on providing pneumococcal coverage with less emphasis on covering for an atypical pathogen. Ambulatory patients without comorbidity are more likely to receive macrolide therapy in North America, whereas in Europe these patients would probably receive a beta-lactam agent. Major issues that are fundamental to this difference include the importance of providing therapy for atypical pathogens and the clinical significance of macrolide-resistant S pneumoniae. Prospective data are required to evaluate which of these two approaches offers clinical superiority.
File T M Jr; Garau J; Blasi F; Chidiac C; Klugman K; Lode H; Lonks JR; Mandell L; Ramirez J; Yu V
Chest
2004
2004-05
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.5.1888" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1378/chest.125.5.1888</a>
A new dosing paradigm: high-dose, short-course fluoroquinolone therapy for community-acquired pneumonia.
Antiinfective Agents; Fluoroquinolone; Pneumonia – Drug Therapy; Fluoroquinolone – Therapeutic Use; Fluoroquinolone – Administration and Dosage; Fluoroquinolone – Pharmacodynamics; Fluoroquinolone – Economics
The goals of optimal antimicrobial therapy are to treat infection effectively, to improve the clinical condition of the patient, and to prevent the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. For ideal drug usage the World Health Organization recommends administering the correct drug by the best route, in the right amount, at optimum intervals for the appropriate period, and after an accurate diagnosis. This article discusses the use of high-dose, short-course fluoroquinolone therapy as an effective option for patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
File T M Jr
Clinical Cornerstone
2003
2003-03-04
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3597(03)90026-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s1098-3597(03)90026-3</a>
The Science of Selecting Antimicrobials for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
Antibiotics; Human; Practice Guidelines; Drug Resistance; Pneumonia; Drug Therapy; Microbial; Combination; Microbial Culture and Sensitivity Tests; Antiinfective Agents; Streptococcus; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Antibiotics – Therapeutic Use; Community-Acquired Infections – Drug Therapy; Bacterial – Drug Therapy; Macrolide – Therapeutic Use; Quinolone – Therapeutic Use; Lactam – Therapeutic Use; Legionnaires' Disease – Drug Therapy
File T M
Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy
2009
2009-03-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2009.15.s2.5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.18553/jmcp.2009.15.s2.5</a>
Comparison of short-acting intramuscular antipsychotic medication: impact on length of stay and cost.
Adult; Female; Male; Prospective Studies; Health Care Costs; Injections; Middle Age; Retrospective Design; Intramuscular; Antiinfective Agents; Length of Stay – Statistics and Numerical Data; Schizophrenia – Drug Therapy; Heterocyclic Compounds – Therapeutic Use; Antianxiety Agents; Antipsychotic Agents – Administration and Dosage; Antipsychotic Agents – Economics; Antipsychotic Agents – Therapeutic Use; Benzodiazepine – Economics; Benzodiazepine – Therapeutic Use; Haloperidol – Economics; Haloperidol – Therapeutic Use; Heterocyclic Compounds – Economics; Length of Stay – Economics; Psychomotor Agitation – Drug Therapy; Quinolone – Economics; Quinolone – Therapeutic Use; Thiazoles – Economics; Thiazoles – Therapeutic Use
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine if there is an association between short-acting intramuscular (SAIM) antipsychotics used for acute agitation and length of stay (LOS). Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were dispensed at least one dose of a SAIM antipsychotic were divided into groups based on the initial SAIM antipsychotic received once admitted to a psychiatric unit. Electronic records were used to gather demographic information, LOS, and number of injections received during an admission. Cost was calculated from the number of injections received. One-hundred and thirty-six patients were enrolled. When comparing the haloperidol group to the second generation antipsychotic group, there was no statistically significant difference, in LOS 16.98 ± 9.56 days versus 17.59 ± 11.52 days (P = 0.75), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in both cost and number of injections between groups, favoring the haloperidol group. Ziprasidone was associated with a shorter LOS compared with olanzapine, 13.57 and 19.10 days, respectively (P = 0.026). Patient characteristics should be evaluated when determining an agent for acute agitation. However, because literature indicates second generation SAIM antipsychotics are only noninferior to haloperidol; other factors should also be evaluated; including impact on LOS and impact on hospital resources. This study indicates use of a second generation SAIM antipsychotic for acute agitation is more costly, requires more injections, and was not associated with a shorter length of stay when compared with SAIM haloperidol.
Leung JG; Benedetti AM; Frazee L A; Myers N; Leung Jonathan G; Benedetti Amanda M; Frazee Lawrence A; Myers Nancy
American Journal of Therapeutics
2011
2011-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181d48320" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181d48320</a>
The Growing Threat of Pyelonephritis Caused by Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli.
Adult; Female; Male; Pregnancy; Urinalysis; Community-Acquired Infections; Cell Culture Techniques; Emergency Service; Drug Resistance; Microbial; Microbial Culture and Sensitivity Tests; Antiinfective Agents; Escherichia Coli; Escherichia Coli Infections; Biological Phenomena; Immunocompromised Host; Fluoroquinolone; Antibiotics – Administration and Dosage; Escherichia Coli Infections – Diagnosis; Pyelonephritis – Complications; Pyelonephritis – Diagnosis; Pyelonephritis – Etiology; Pyelonephritis – Risk Factors
The article focuses on a bacteria Escherichia coli which lead to occurrence of pyelonephritis with increasing resistance of Escherichia coli for empiric antibiotics. Topics discussed include need for making choices of empiric antibiotic by clinicians which will be based on patterns of local resistance, association of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) with healthcare acquisition and mentions drawback of ertapenem like difficulty in oral conversion.
Watkins Richard R
Infectious Disease Alert
2016
2016-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
A Short Course of Antibiotics for Acute Otitis Media in Children Leads to Worse Outcomes Compared to Standard Course Therapy.
Infant; Amoxicillin; Antiinfective Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials; Treatment Duration; Otitis Media – Drug Therapy – In Infancy and Childhood
The author discusses the study which involved children aged six to twenty three months diagnosed with acute otitis media (AOM) basing on indications such as onset of symptoms in the preceding 48 hours, the presence of a middle-ear suffusion and slight bulging accompanied by otalgia. Discussed are the outcomes of the treatment which include the rates of recurrence of AOM, rates of nasopharyngeal colonization and parental satisfaction with the treatment.
Watkins Richard R
Infectious Disease Alert
2017
2017-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Restricting Fluoroquinolone Use Reduces Clostridium difficile Infection More Than Infection Control Methods.
Infection Control; Treatment Outcomes; Clostridium Difficile; Antiinfective Agents; Clostridium Infections – Drug Therapy; Fluoroquinolone – Administration and Dosage; Fluoroquinolone – Adverse Effects; Fluoroquinolone – Pharmacodynamics
An observational study from England showed that restricting fluoroquinolone use reduced incidence of Clostridium difficile infection more than would be predicted by improved infection control methods alone.
Watkins Richard R
Infectious Disease Alert
2017
2017-05
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Restricting Fluoroquinolone Use Reduces CDI More Than Infection Control Methods.
England; Antiinfective Agents; Infection Control – Methods; Clostridium Infections – Drug Therapy; Fluoroquinolone – Therapeutic Use; Incidence – England
Watkins Richard R
Hospital Medicine Alert
2017
2017-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Measuring residual activity of topical antimicrobials: is the residual activity of chlorhexidine an artefact of laboratory methods?
Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiinfective Agents; Artifacts; Chlorhexidine; Chlorhexidine – Analogs and Derivatives; Chlorhexidine – Pharmacodynamics; Chlorhexidine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology; Hand Disinfection/methods; Hand hygiene; Handwashing – Methods; Humans; Local – Pharmacodynamics; Local/*pharmacology; Middle Age; Middle Aged; Persistence; Residual activity; Residual kill; Skin – Drug Effects; Skin – Microbiology; Skin/drug effects/*microbiology; Staphylococcus Aureus – Drug Effects; Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects; Transient bacteria; Young Adult
Residual activity of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was evaluated by pretreating hands with CHG and then touching Staphylococcus aureus dried on to stainless steel discs. By this method, no reduction in bacteria was observed up to 15 min, suggesting that residual CHG does not offer protection against contamination with transient micro-organisms in clinical practice.
Rutter J D; Angiulo K; Macinga D R
The Journal of hospital infection
2014
2014-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2014.06.010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jhin.2014.06.010</a>