1
40
3
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Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.3339/fnins.2016.00263" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.3339/fnins.2016.00263</a>
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Pages
13-13
Volume
10
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Benefits Of Stimulus Exposure: Developmental Learning Independent Of Task Performance
Publisher
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Frontiers in Neuroscience
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
2016-06
Subject
The topic of the resource
acoustic startle response; adolescent; adult; auditory perception; critical period; development; ear muscle-reflex; experience; gap detection; inferior colliculus; learning; maternal separation; Neurosciences & Neurology; perceptual deterioration; prepulse inhibition; primary auditory-cortex; voice onset time
Creator
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Green D B; Ohlemacher J; Rosen M J
Description
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Perceptual learning (training-induced performance improvement) can be elicited by task-irrelevant stimulus exposure in humans. In contrast, task-irrelevant stimulus exposure in animals typically disrupts perception in juveniles while causing little to no effect in adults. This may be due to the extent of exposure, which is brief in humans while chronic in animals. Here we assessed the effects of short bouts of passive stimulus exposure on learning during development in gerbils, compared with non-passive stimulus exposure (i.e., during testing). We used prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, a method that can be applied at any age, to measure gap detection thresholds across four age groups, spanning development. First, we showed that both gap detection thresholds and gap detection learning across sessions displayed a long developmental trajectory, improving throughout the juvenile period. Additionally, we demonstrated larger within- and across-animal performance variability in younger animals. These results are generally consistent with results in humans, where there are extended developmental trajectories for both the perception of temporally-varying signals, and the effects of perceptual training, as well as increased variability and poorer performance consistency in children. We then chose an age (mid-juveniles) that displayed clear learning over sessions in order to assess effects of brief passive stimulus exposure on this learning. We compared learning in mid-juveniles exposed to either gap detection testing (gaps paired with startles) or equivalent gap exposure without testing (gaps alone) for three sessions. Learning was equivalent in both these groups and better than both naive age-matched animals and controls receiving no gap exposure but only startle testing. Thus, short bouts of exposure to gaps independent of task performance is sufficient to induce learning at this age, and is as effective as gap detection testing.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.3339/fnins.2016.00263" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3339/fnins.2016.00263</a>
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Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2016
acoustic startle response
Adolescent
Adult
Auditory Perception
critical period
development
ear muscle-reflex
experience
Frontiers in neuroscience
gap detection
Green D B
inferior colliculus
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Learning
maternal separation
Neurosciences & Neurology
Ohlemacher J
perceptual deterioration
prepulse inhibition
primary auditory-cortex
Rosen M J
voice onset time
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00263" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00263</a>
Pages
263–263
Volume
10
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Benefits of Stimulus Exposure: Developmental Learning Independent of Task Performance.
Publisher
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Frontiers in neuroscience
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
1905-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
development; adolescent; adult; auditory perception; experience; gap detection; learning; prepulse inhibition
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Green David B; Ohlemacher Jocelyn; Rosen Merri J
Description
An account of the resource
Perceptual learning (training-induced performance improvement) can be elicited by task-irrelevant stimulus exposure in humans. In contrast, task-irrelevant stimulus exposure in animals typically disrupts perception in juveniles while causing little to no effect in adults. This may be due to the extent of exposure, which is brief in humans while chronic in animals. Here we assessed the effects of short bouts of passive stimulus exposure on learning during development in gerbils, compared with non-passive stimulus exposure (i.e., during testing). We used prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, a method that can be applied at any age, to measure gap detection thresholds across four age groups, spanning development. First, we showed that both gap detection thresholds and gap detection learning across sessions displayed a long developmental trajectory, improving throughout the juvenile period. Additionally, we demonstrated larger within- and across-animal performance variability in younger animals. These results are generally consistent with results in humans, where there are extended developmental trajectories for both the perception of temporally-varying signals, and the effects of perceptual training, as well as increased variability and poorer performance consistency in children. We then chose an age (mid-juveniles) that displayed clear learning over sessions in order to assess effects of brief passive stimulus exposure on this learning. We compared learning in mid-juveniles exposed to either gap detection testing (gaps paired with startles) or equivalent gap exposure without testing (gaps alone) for three sessions. Learning was equivalent in both these groups and better than both naive age-matched animals and controls receiving no gap exposure but only startle testing. Thus, short bouts of exposure to gaps independent of task performance is sufficient to induce learning at this age, and is as effective as gap detection testing.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00263" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3389/fnins.2016.00263</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2016
Adolescent
Adult
Auditory Perception
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
development
experience
Frontiers in neuroscience
gap detection
Green David B
Learning
NEOMED College of Medicine
Ohlemacher Jocelyn
prepulse inhibition
Rosen Merri J
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.031" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.031</a>
Pages
923–936
Issue
3
Volume
155
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Timing of sound-evoked potentials and spike responses in the inferior colliculus of awake bats.
Publisher
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Neuroscience
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008
2008-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Wakefulness; Acoustic Stimulation; Action Potentials/*physiology; Animals; Auditory Perception; Auditory/*physiology; Chiroptera/physiology; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Functional Laterality/physiology; Inferior Colliculi/*cytology; Neural Inhibition/physiology; Neurons/*physiology; Psychoacoustics; Reaction Time/*physiology/radiation effects
Creator
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Voytenko S V; Galazyuk A V
Description
An account of the resource
Neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC), one of the major integrative centers of the auditory system, process acoustic information converging from almost all nuclei of the auditory brain stem. During this integration, excitatory and inhibitory inputs arrive to auditory neurons at different time delays. Result of this integration determines timing of IC neuron firing. In the mammalian IC, the range of the first spike latencies is very large (5-50 ms). At present, a contribution of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in controlling neurons' firing in the IC is still under debate. In the present study we assess the role of excitation and inhibition in determining first spike response latency in the IC. Postsynaptic responses were recorded to pure tones presented at neuron's characteristic frequency or to downward frequency modulated sweeps in awake bats. There are three main results emerging from the present study: (1) the most common response pattern in the IC is hyperpolarization followed by depolarization followed by hyperpolarization, (2) latencies of depolarizing or hyperpolarizing responses to tonal stimuli are short (3-7 ms) whereas the first spike latencies may vary to a great extent (4-26 ms) from one neuron to another, and (3) high threshold hyperpolarization preceded long latency spikes in IC neurons exhibiting paradoxical latency shift. Our data also show that the onset hyperpolarizing potentials in the IC have very small jitter (\textless100 micros) across repeated stimulus presentations. The results of this study suggest that inhibition, arriving earlier than excitation, may play a role as a mechanism for delaying the first spike latency in IC neurons.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.031" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.031</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Wakefulness
2008
Acoustic Stimulation
Action Potentials/*physiology
Animals
Auditory Perception
Auditory/*physiology
Chiroptera/physiology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Electroencephalography
Evoked Potentials
Functional Laterality/physiology
Galazyuk A V
Inferior Colliculi/*cytology
NEOMED College of Medicine
Neural Inhibition/physiology
Neurons/*physiology
Neuroscience
Psychoacoustics
Reaction Time/*physiology/radiation effects
Voytenko S V