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40
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Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22683" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22683</a>
Pages
565–576
Issue
4
Volume
156
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Angular momentum and arboreal stability in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).
Publisher
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American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015
2015-04
Subject
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Animals; Anthropology; Anthropometry; asymmetrical gaits; balance; Biomechanical Phenomena/*physiology; Callithrix/*physiology; center of mass; Gait/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Male; Physical; Postural Balance/physiology; primate locomotor evolution; torque; Torque
Creator
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Chadwell Brad A; Young Jesse W
Description
An account of the resource
Despite the importance that concepts of arboreal stability have in theories of primate locomotor evolution, we currently lack measures of balance performance during primate locomotion. We provide the first quantitative data on locomotor stability in an arboreal primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), predicting that primates should maximize arboreal stability by minimizing side-to-side angular momentum about the support (i.e., Lsup ). If net Lsup becomes excessive, the animal will be unable to arrest its angular movement and will fall. Using a novel, highly integrative experimental procedure we directly measured whole-body Lsup in two adult marmosets moving along narrow (2.5 cm diameter) and broad (5 cm diameter) poles. Marmosets showed a strong preference for asymmetrical gaits (e.g., gallops and bounds) over symmetrical gaits (e.g., walks and runs), with asymmetrical gaits representing \textgreater90% of all strides. Movement on the narrow support was associated with an increase in more "grounded" gaits (i.e., lacking an aerial phase) and a more even distribution of torque production between the fore- and hind limbs. These adjustments in gait dynamics significantly reduced net Lsup on the narrow support relative to the broad support. Despite their lack of a well-developed grasping apparatus, marmosets proved adept at producing muscular "grasping" torques about the support, particularly with the hind limbs. We contend that asymmetrical gaits permit small-bodied arboreal mammals, including primates, to expand "effective grasp" by gripping the substrate between left and right limbs of a girdle. This model of arboreal stability may hold important implications for understanding primate locomotor evolution.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22683" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.22683</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2015
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Anthropology
Anthropometry
asymmetrical gaits
Balance
Biomechanical Phenomena/*physiology
Callithrix/*physiology
center of mass
Chadwell Brad A
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Gait/*physiology
Locomotion/*physiology
Male
NEOMED College of Medicine
Physical
Postural Balance/physiology
primate locomotor evolution
Torque
Young Jesse W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23388" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23388</a>
Pages
37–71
Volume
165 Suppl 65
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Developments in development: What have we learned from primate locomotor ontogeny?
Publisher
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American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
*allometry; *gait mechanics; *life history; *locomotor independence; *ontogeny; Animals; Anthropology; Biomechanical Phenomena/*physiology; Bone and Bones/physiology; Female; Gait/*physiology; Hand Strength/physiology; Humans; Locomotion/*physiology; Male; Phylogeny; Physical; Primates/*physiology
Creator
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Young Jesse W; Shapiro Liza J
Description
An account of the resource
The importance of locomotion to evolutionary fitness has led to extensive study of primate locomotor behavior, morphology and ecology. Most previous research has focused on adult primates, but in the last few decades, increased attention to locomotor development has provided new insights toward our broader understanding of primate adaptation and evolution. Here, we review the contributions of this body of work from three basic perspectives. First, we assess possible determinants on the timing of locomotor independence, an important life history event. Significant influences on timing of locomotor independence include adult female body mass, age at weaning, and especially relative brain size, a significant predictor of other primate life history variables. Additionally, we found significant phylogenetic differences in the timing of locomotor independence, even accounting for these influences. Second, we discuss how structural aspects of primate growth may enhance the locomotor performance and safety of young primates, despite their inherent neuromotor and musculoskeletal limitations. For example, compared to adults, growing primates have greater muscle mechanical advantage, greater bone robusticity, and larger extremities with relatively long digits. Third, focusing on primate quadrupedalism, we provide examples that illustrate how ontogenetic transitions in morphology and locomotion can serve as a model system for testing broader principles underlying primate locomotor biomechanics. This approach has led to a better understanding of the key features that contribute to primates' stride characteristics, gait patterns, limb force distribution, and limb postures. We have learned a great deal from the study of locomotor ontogeny, but there is much left to explore. We conclude by offering guidelines for future research, both in the laboratory and the field.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23388" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.23388</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*allometry
*gait mechanics
*life history
*locomotor independence
*ontogeny
2018
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Anthropology
Biomechanical Phenomena/*physiology
Bone and Bones/physiology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Female
Gait/*physiology
Hand Strength/physiology
Humans
Locomotion/*physiology
Male
NEOMED College of Medicine
Phylogeny
Physical
Primates/*physiology
Shapiro Liza J
Young Jesse W