1
40
5
-
Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-007-9178-9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-007-9178-9</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
1421-1439
Issue
6
Volume
29
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Linking Laboratory and Field Approaches in Studying the Evolutionary Physiology of Biting in Bamboo Lemurs
Publisher
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International Journal of Primatology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008
2008-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
bamboo; bite force; biting; bone strain; galago crassicaudatus; indian anolis; jaw functional morphology; lizard sceloporus-merriami; lizards; load resistance; locomotor performance; macaca-fascicularis; mandibular function; periodontal mechanoreceptors; ranomafana national-park; Zoology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard C; Yamashita N; Tan C
Description
An account of the resource
A realistic understanding of primate morphological adaptations requires a multidisciplinary approach including experimental studies of physiological performance and field studies documenting natural behaviors and reproductive success. For primate feeding, integrative efforts combining experimental and ecological approaches are rare. We discuss methods for collecting maximum bite forces in the field as part of an integrated ecomorphological research design. Specifically, we compare maximum biting ability in 3 sympatric bamboo lemurs (Hapalemur simus, H. aureus, and H. griseus) at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar to determine if biting performance contributes to the observed partitioning of a shared bamboo diet. We assessed performance by recording maximum bite forces via jaw-muscle stimulations in anesthetized subjects from each species. Behavioral observations and food properties testing show that the largest species, Hapalemur simus, consumes the largest and most mechanically challenging foods. Our results suggest that Hapalemur simus can generate larger bite forces on average than those of the 2 smaller species. However, the overlap in maximum biting ability between Hapalemur simus and H. aureus indicates that biting performance cannot be the sole factor driving dietary segregation. Though maximum bite force does not fully explain dietary segregation, we hypothesize that size-related increases in both maximum bite force and jaw robusticity provide Hapalemur simus with an improved ability to process routinely its more obdurate diet. We demonstrate the feasibility of collecting physiological, ecological, and morphological data on the same free-ranging primates in their natural habitats. Integrating traditionally laboratory-based approaches with field studies broadens the range of potential primate species for physiological research and fosters improved tests of hypothesized feeding adaptations.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-007-9178-9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s10764-007-9178-9</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2008
bamboo
Bite Force
biting
bone strain
galago crassicaudatus
indian anolis
international journal of primatology
jaw functional morphology
Journal Article
lizard sceloporus-merriami
lizards
load resistance
locomotor performance
macaca-fascicularis
mandibular function
periodontal mechanoreceptors
ranomafana national-park
Tan C
Vinyard C
Yamashita N
Zoology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20991" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20991</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
353-367
Issue
3
Volume
139
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Functional Correlates of Jaw-Muscle Fiber Architecture in Tree-Gouging and Nongouging Callitrichid Monkeys
Publisher
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anthropology; arboreal guenons; bite force; callitrichids; cross-sectional area; Evolutionary Biology; Exudativory; Fiber length; gape; internal architecture; jaw; marmosets; masseter muscle; morphology; physiologic cross-sectional area; rabbit oryctolagus-cuniculus; sarcomere-length; skeletal-muscle; tamarins; temporalis muscle; world monkeys
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Taylor A B; Eng C M; Anapol F C; Vinyard C J
Description
An account of the resource
Common (Callithrix jacchus) and pygmy (Cebuella pygmaea) marmosets and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) share broadly similar diets of fruits, insects, and tree exudates. Marmosets, however, differ from tamarins in actively gouging trees with their anterior dentition to elicit tree exudates flow. Tree gouging in common marmosets involves the generation of relatively wide jaw gapes, but not necessarily relatively large bite forces. We compared fiber architecture of the masseter and temporalis muscles in C. jacchus (N = 18), C. pygmaea (N = 5), and S. oedipus (N = 13). We tested the hypothesis that tree-gouging marmosets would exhibit relatively longer fibers and other architectural variables that facilitate muscle stretch, As an architectural trade-off between maximizing muscle excursion/contraction velocity and muscle force, we also tested the hypothesis that marmosets would exhibit relatively less pinnate fibers, smaller physiologic cross-sectional areas (PCSA), and lower priority indices (I) for force. As predicted, marmosets display relatively longer-fibered muscles, a higher ratio of fiber length to muscle mass, and a relatively greater potential excursion of the distal tendon attachments, all of which favor muscle stretch. Marmosets further display relatively smaller PCSAs and other features that reflect a reduced capacity for force generation. The longer fibers and attendant higher contraction velocities likely facilitate the production of relatively wide jaw gapes and the capacity to generate more power from their jaw muscles during gouging. The observed functional trade-off between muscle excursion/contraction velocity and muscle force suggests that primate jaw-muscle architecture reflects evolutionary changes related to jaw movements as one of a number of functional demands imposed on the masticatory apparatus. Am J Phys Anthropol 139:353-367, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20991" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.20991</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2009
American journal of physical anthropology
Anapol F C
Anthropology
arboreal guenons
Bite Force
callitrichids
cross-sectional area
Eng C M
Evolutionary Biology
Exudativory
fiber length
gape
internal architecture
jaw
Journal Article
marmosets
masseter muscle
morphology
Physiologic cross-sectional area
rabbit oryctolagus-cuniculus
sarcomere-length
skeletal-muscle
tamarins
Taylor A B
temporalis muscle
Vinyard C J
world monkeys
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10249" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10249</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
276-285
Issue
3
Volume
261
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Comparative analysis of masseter fiber architecture in tree-gouging (Callithrix jacchus) and nongouging (Saguinus oedipus) callitrichids
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Morphology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004
2004-09
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anatomy & Morphology; arboreal guenons; bite force; cross-sectional area; dental; elastic energy-storage; functional-significance; internal architecture; masticatory apparatus; microwear; occlusal force; rhesus-monkeys
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Taylor A B; Vinyard C J
Description
An account of the resource
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) (Callitrichidae, Primates) share a broadly similar diet of fruits, insects, and tree exudates. Common marmosets, however, differ from tamarins by actively gouging trees with their anterior teeth to elicit tree exudate flow. During tree gouging, marmosets produce relatively large jaw gapes, but do not necessarily produce relatively large bite forces at the anterior teeth. We compared the fiber architecture of the masseter muscle in tree-gouging Callithrix jacchus (n = 10) to riongouging Saguinus oedipus (n = 8) to determine whether the marmoset masseter facilitates producing these large gapes during tree gouging. We predict that the marmoset masseter has relatively longer fibers and, hence, greater potential muscle excursion (i.e., a greater range of motion through increased muscle stretch). Conversely, because of the expected trade-off between excursion and force production in muscle architecture, we predict that the cotton-top tamarin masseter has more pinnate fibers and increased physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) as compared to common marmosets. Likewise, the S. oedipus masseter is predicted to have a greater proportion of tendon relative to muscle fiber as compared to the common marmoset masseter. Common marmosets have absolutely and relatively longer masseter fibers than cotton-top tamarins. Given that fiber length is directly proportional to muscle excursion and by extension contraction velocity, this result suggests that marmosets have masseters designed for relatively greater stretching and, hence, larger gapes. Conversely, the cotton-top tamarin masseter has a greater angle of pinnation (but not significantly so), larger PCSA, and higher proportion of tendon. The significantly larger PCSA in the tamarin masseter suggests that their masseter has relatively greater force production capabilities as compared to marmosets. Collectively, these results suggest that the fiber architecture of the common marmoset masseter is part of a suite of features of the masticatory apparatus that facilitates the production of relatively large gapes during tree gouging. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10249" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jmor.10249</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2004
Anatomy & Morphology
arboreal guenons
Bite Force
cross-sectional area
dental
elastic energy-storage
functional-significance
internal architecture
Journal Article
Journal of morphology
masticatory apparatus
microwear
occlusal force
rhesus-monkeys
Taylor A B
Vinyard C J
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icr066" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icr066</a>
Pages
260–270
Issue
2
Volume
51
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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A preliminary analysis of correlations between chewing motor patterns and mandibular morphology across mammals.
Publisher
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Integrative and comparative biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011
2011-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Mastication; Animals; Biological Evolution; Bite Force; Electromyography; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Jaw/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology; Masseter Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Phylogeny; Temporal Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard Christopher J; Williams Susan H; Wall Christine E; Doherty Alison H; Crompton Alfred W; Hylander William L
Description
An account of the resource
The establishment of a publicly-accessible repository of physiological data on feeding in mammals, the Feeding Experiments End-user Database (FEED), along with improvements in reconstruction of mammalian phylogeny, significantly improves our ability to address long-standing questions about the evolution of mammalian feeding. In this study, we use comparative phylogenetic methods to examine correlations between jaw robusticity and both the relative recruitment and the relative time of peak activity for the superficial masseter, deep masseter, and temporalis muscles across 19 mammalian species from six orders. We find little evidence for a relationship between jaw robusticity and electromyographic (EMG) activity for either the superficial masseter or temporalis muscles across mammals. We hypothesize that future analyses may identify significant associations between these physiological and morphological variables within subgroups of mammals that share similar diets, feeding behaviors, and/or phylogenetic histories. Alternatively, the relative peak recruitment and timing of the balancing-side (i.e., non-chewing-side) deep masseter muscle (BDM) is significantly negatively correlated with the relative area of the mandibular symphysis across our mammalian sample. This relationship exists despite BDM activity being associated with different loading regimes in the symphyses of primates compared to ungulates, suggesting a basic association between magnitude of symphyseal loads and symphyseal area among these mammals. Because our sample primarily represents mammals that use significant transverse movements during chewing, future research should address whether the correlations between BDM activity and symphyseal morphology characterize all mammals or should be restricted to this "transverse chewing" group. Finally, the significant correlations observed in this study suggest that physiological parameters are an integrated and evolving component of feeding across mammals.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icr066" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/icb/icr066</a>
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Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Mastication
2011
Animals
Biological Evolution
Bite Force
Crompton Alfred W
Doherty Alison H
Electromyography
Feeding Behavior/physiology
Hylander William L
Integrative and comparative biology
Jaw/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology
Masseter Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Phylogeny
Temporal Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Vinyard Christopher J
Wall Christine E
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20307" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20307</a>
Pages
85–95
Issue
1
Volume
130
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Masseter electromyography during chewing in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta).
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2006
2006-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Bite Force; Electromyography/methods; Female; Lemur/*physiology; Male; Masseter Muscle/*physiology; Mastication/*physiology; Neurophysiological/physiology; Recruitment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard Christopher J; Wall Christine E; Williams Susan H; Johnson Kirk R; Hylander William L
Description
An account of the resource
We examined masseter recruitment and firing patterns during chewing in four adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), using electromyography (EMG). During chewing of tougher foods, the working-side superficial masseter tends to show, on average, 1.7 times more scaled EMG activity than the balancing-side superficial masseter. The working-side deep masseter exhibits, on average, 2.4 times the scaled EMG activity of the balancing-side deep masseter. The relatively larger activity in the working-side muscles suggests that ring-tailed lemurs recruit relatively less force from their balancing-side muscles during chewing. The superficial masseter working-to-balancing-side (W/B) ratio for lemurs overlaps with W/B ratios from anthropoid primates. In contrast, the lemur W/B ratio for the deep masseter is more similar to that of greater galagos, while both are significantly larger than W/B ratios of anthropoids. Because ring-tailed lemurs have unfused and hence presumably weaker symphyses, these data are consistent with the symphyseal fusion-muscle recruitment hypothesis stating that symphyseal fusion in anthropoids provides increased strength for resisting forces created by the balancing-side jaw muscles during chewing. Among the masseter muscles of ring-tailed lemurs, the working-side deep masseter peaks first on average, followed in succession by the balancing-side deep masseter, balancing-side superficial masseter, and finally the working-side superficial masseter. Ring-tailed lemurs are similar to greater galagos in that their balancing-side deep masseter peaks well before their working-side superficial masseter. We see the opposite pattern in anthropoids, where the balancing-side deep masseter peaks, on average, after the working-side superficial masseter. This late activity of the balancing-side deep masseter in anthropoids is linked to lateral-transverse bending, or wishboning, of their mandibular symphyses. Subsequently, the stresses incurred during wishboning are hypothesized to be a proximate reason for strengthening, and hence fusion, of the anthropoid symphysis. Thus, the absence of this muscle-firing pattern in ring-tailed lemurs with their weaker, unfused symphyses provides further correlational support for the symphyseal fusion late-acting balancing-side deep masseter hypothesis linking wishboning and symphyseal strengthening in anthropoids. The early peak activity of the working-side deep masseter in ring-tailed lemurs is unlike galagos and most similar to the pattern seen in macaques and baboons. We hypothesize that this early activity of the working-side deep masseter moves the lower jaw both laterally toward the working side and vertically upward, to position it for the upcoming power stroke. From an evolutionary perspective, the differences in peak firing times for the working-side deep masseter between ring-tailed lemurs and greater galagos indicate that deep masseter firing patterns are not conserved among strepsirrhines.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20307" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.20307</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2006
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Bite Force
Electromyography/methods
Female
Hylander William L
Johnson Kirk R
Lemur/*physiology
Male
Masseter Muscle/*physiology
Mastication/*physiology
Neurophysiological/physiology
Recruitment
Vinyard Christopher J
Wall Christine E
Williams Susan H