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40
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n/a
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23-+
Volume
1187
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Influence Of Scaffold Composition On Gene Expression And Cellular Organization In Tissue-engineered Middle Phalanx Models Of Human Digits
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Structure-Property Relationships in Biomineralized and Biomimetic Composites
Date
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2009
2009
Subject
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bone substitutes
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Landis W J; Wada Y; Enjo M; Jacquet R; Lowder E; Isogai N
Description
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To augment or replace defective, diseased, or impaired human digits, the design and development of tissue-engineered phalanges are important and include a middle phalanx model. This construct consists in part of two square-shaped biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds (1 x 1 x 0.2 cm in length, width and thickness, respectively) seeded with cartilage cells (chondrocytes) obtained from young calves. One such seeded scaffold is sutured to each end of a rectangular-shaped scaffold (similar to 2 x 0.7 x 0.5 cm in length, width and thickness) serving as the midshaft of the model. To examine the biological regenerative capacity of this biomimetic composite, midshafts were left uncovered or wrapped with periosteum, a tissue from calves giving rise to cartilage and bone. Midshafts were composed of poly(L-lactide-epsilon-caprolactone) CP(LA-CL)] or one of two ceramics, hydroxyapatite (HA) or beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), admixed with P(LA-CL). When engineered middle phalanx models were implanted and grown for up to 20 weeks under dorsal skin flaps of athymic (nude) mice, resulting constructs varied in their midshaft bone and end plate cartilage composition and structure. Harvested from mice at 20 weeks, all constructs of P(LA-CL) (n = 3), HA-P(LA-CL) (n = 3), or beta-TCPP(LA-CL) (n = 3) without periosteum developed viable end plate cartilage as determined by Safranin-O staining for chondrocyte-secreted proteoglycans, but cells were not organized as in normal growth plate cartilage of human digits. Midshafts remained effectively absent of cells and completely devoid of mineral. Implanted for the same time 20 week period, constructs (n = 3 for each midshaft type) with periosteum each developed viable end plate cartilage having chondrocytes organized into columns resembling normal growth plate cartilage of digits. Midshafts mineralized through the normal process of endochondral ossification. While these features were common to all composites with periosteum, specific differences occurred among them, apparently depending on midshaft copolymer composition. In particular after 10 or 20 weeks of implantation, gene expression of end plate chondrocytes varied in their levels of type II collagen, aggrecan (proteoglycan), or bone sialoprotein, all markers for development of normal cartilage extracellular matrix and mineralization. These results indicate that the composition of midshaft scaffolds comprising middle phalanx models of human digits affects the composition and structure of both midshaft bone and end plate cartilage of constructs. Continuing studies are defining more completely the relationships between structure and composition of bone and cartilage tissues developed and properties of their underlying copolymer scaffolds in these biomineralized models.
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n/a
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Book Chapter
2009
Bone Substitutes
Book Chapter
Enjo M
Isogai N
Jacquet R
Landis W J
Lowder E
Structure-Property Relationships in Biomineralized and Biomimetic Composites
Wada Y
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e318169cd71" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e318169cd71</a>
Pages
1302–1307
Issue
5
Volume
64
Dublin Core
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Title
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Pullout strength and load to failure properties of self-tapping cortical screws in synthetic and cadaveric environments representative of healthy and osteoporotic bone.
Publisher
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Journal of Trauma
Date
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2008
2008-05
Subject
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Equipment Design; Cadaver; Osteoporosis; Human; Stress; Biological; Models; Mechanical; Orthopedic Fixation Devices; Biomechanics; Bone Substitutes; Materials Testing – Methods
Creator
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Schoenfeld A J; Battula S; Sahai V; Vrabec GA; Corman S; Burton L; Njus GO
Description
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BACKGROUND: The parameters of self-tapping screw (STS) performance in normal and osteoporotic bone have been defined in representative environments, but the question remains as to the clinical application of such findings. The goal of this study was to analyze the biomechanical performance of STSs in cadaveric and synthetic environments representative of healthy and osteoporotic bone. METHODS: Ninety-six Synthes STSs were inserted into cadaveric and synthetic models representative of osteoporotic and healthy bone. Screws were inserted to depths of 1 mm short of the far cortex, flush and 1 mm and 2 mm beyond the far cortex. Screws were tested with an Instron 8511 material testing system utilizing axial pullout forces. A SAS procedure was used to conduct analysis of variance for unbalanced datasets. RESULTS: Substantial differences were appreciated with respect to screw performance between osteoporotic and healthy bone specimens. Although a similar pattern of increased pullout strength and loading energy with increasing depth of insertion was demonstrated, absolute values were lower in osteoporotic specimens. Although performance trends were similar in cadaveric and synthetic testing models for both osteoporotic and healthy bone, values obtained during testing were different. Incomplete insertion of STSs resulted in a 21.5% and 37% reduction of biomechanical properties in osteoporotic and normal bone, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that previously published findings on the performance of STSs in synthetic models cannot reasonably be applied to the clinical realm. Although trends may be similar, screw performance in synthetic, as compared with cadaveric, models is markedly different.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e318169cd71" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/ta.0b013e318169cd71</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2008
Battula S
Biological
biomechanics
Bone Substitutes
Burton L
Cadaver
Corman S
Equipment Design
Human
Journal of Trauma
Materials Testing – Methods
Mechanical
Models
Njus GO
Orthopedic Fixation Devices
Osteoporosis
Sahai V
Schoenfeld A J
Stress
Vrabec GA