Therapeutic Collaboration in Career Construction Counseling: Case Studies of an Integrative Model
The mapping of therapeutic collaboration throughout counseling deepens our understanding of how the helping relationship fosters client change. To better understand the process of career construction counseling (CCC), we analyzed the therapeutic collaboration on six successful face-to-face cases. The participants were six Portuguese adults, five women and one man, real clients of a career counseling service, and four psychologists, three female and one male trained in the career intervention model. The participants completed demographic questions and measures of career certainty, vocational identity, career indecision, and psychological functioning. The Therapeutic Collaboration Coding System was used to track collaboration throughout all interactive episodes. The clinical significance of the intervention was calculated by analyzing pre-post-test statistical differences for each case, with the Reliable Change Index and Z score. The findings evidenced a pattern of therapeutic collaboration evolution for good outcome cases. Based on this pattern, we propose a model of process-outcome evolution for the three phases of CCC.
Filipa Silva
Maria do Céu Taveira
Paulo Cardoso
Eugénia Ribeiro
Mark L Savickas
Front Psychol
. 2022 Feb 2;12:784854. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.784854. eCollection 2021.
2022
English
The world of work and career interventions
Intervention; work; Career Education; career construction; career construction counseling; Career intervention; Career Development; Occupational Guidance; career coaching; Career Education; digital revolution; Economy; global economy; Globalization; insecure workers; Organizational Characteristics; Personnel; vocational guidance
Work in the 21st century leaves people feeling anxious and insecure. Jobless work and automation have produced 'insecure workers,' especially those peripheral and external employees who perform temporary assignments. Depending upon a client's needs, practitioners may provide different career services: vocational guidance, career education and coaching, or career construction. Each career intervention—whether it be guiding, developing, or constructing—is valuable and effective for its intended purpose. This book describes methods of career construction counseling based on the conceptual model of life designing. The chapter defines counseling and how career counseling has evolved over the last century. The counseling profession has evolved three distinct conceptual models to direct how they conduct career counseling: guiding, developing, and constructing. The chapter explains why career construction counseling discourse meets the needs of individuals preparing for and participating in the new world of work forged by the digital revolution and the global economy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Savickas Mark L
Career Counseling., 2nd Ed.
2019
1905-07
Book Section
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1037/0000105-001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1037/0000105-001</a>
Counseling for career construction
Life Experiences; Narratives; career construction; identity narrative; Occupational Guidance; life portrait; lifetime experiences; reflexivity; Self-Concept
This chapter describes how practitioners compose an identity narrative that reconstructs clients' small stories into a large story that encourages reflexivity to clarify choices. Having conducted the eight-step assessment protocol, practitioners prepare to compose a portrait that depicts a lifetime of experiences from a new perspective on career. Practitioners draw a life portrait that transforms little stories into a grand narrative that expresses identity and provides a superordinate view that comprehends the current transition and envisions future positions. To compose a life portrait, the practitioner reconstructs the client's micronarratives into a first draft of a macronarrative and then eventually coconstructs with him or her a final version authored and authorized by the client. The chapter presents the general principles for life writing and discusses the sequence of topics in the Career Construction Interview that foreshadows the large story. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Savickas Mark L
Career Counseling., 2nd Ed.
2019
1905-07
Book Section
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1037/0000105-008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1037/0000105-008</a>
Turn intention into action
Learning; Interviews; Narratives; Intention; Intention; career counseling; career construction; career theme; identity narrative; Occupational Aspirations; Occupational Guidance; transformative learning
Career counseling practitioners hope that clients leave career counseling having experienced a process of transformative learning that has brought them into contact with their deepest sense of vitality. If so, clients are able to narrate a more comprehensible, coherent, and continuous identity narrative. Buoyed by biographical agency and ripe with intention, they should be ready for take action in the real world and prepared to deal with new questions that will emerge. So empowered, they begin to write a new chapter in their life stories, narratives that extend an occupational plot with a meaningful career theme. This chapter explains the importance of turning intention to action in the real world, first through exploration and trial, then through deciding and doing. It concludes with the case of a 19-year-old college sophomore majoring in biology to illustrate career construction interview, assessment routine, and counseling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Savickas Mark L
Career Counseling., 2nd Ed.
2019
1905-07
Book Section
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1037/0000105-009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1037/0000105-009</a>
Career Construction And Subjective Well-being
career assessment; career construction; career intervention; narrative career counseling; Psychology; self; subjective well-being; traits; true
Experienced happiness and reported life contentment represent cardinal elements of subjective well-being (SWB). Achieving happiness and contentment with work and other domains, such as love, play, and community, constitute fundamental life goals. Career construction offers a developmental theory of vocational behavior and a career assessment and counseling model counselors can use to promote client SWB. As an intervention model, career construction assists individuals with using work to foster self-completion and derive meaning, satisfaction, and happiness as they design their lives. Career construction counseling promotes SWB because its aims are consistent with increasing both immediate life satisfaction and overall life contentment. The present analysis describes the basic principles and practice of career construction and explains the career style interview as an assessment and counseling method useful for assisting individuals to identify and pursue self-selected goals and projects, endeavors that contribute to SWB.
Hartung P J; Taber B J
Journal of Career Assessment
2008
2008-02
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707305772" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/1069072707305772</a>
Toward Integrated Career Assessment: Using Story To Appraise Career Dispositions And Adaptability
career; career adaptability; career assessment; career construction; constructivist career assessment; development; Interest Inventory; Psychology; RIASEC type; Strong; Thematic Apperception Test; theory; vocational interests; vocational psychology/
This study examined the validity of using stories to appraise career dispositions and problems associated with career adaptability. Premedical students (63 women, 37 men) wrote narratives about Thematic Apperception Test cards (TAT) and responded to the Strong Interest Inventory (SII). Independent raters identified identical career adaptability dimensions from TAT stories more than 47% of the time. RIASEC codes derived from TAT responses matched measured codes on at least one theme 82% of the time. Results provided modest support for the reliability of using TAT card responses to derive a RIASEC personality type consistent with measured vocational interests. Further study to increase interrater reliability and hone the scoring scheme for deriving RIASEC codes might bolster the validity of using story to assess vocational personality dispositions and career problems. Ultimately, constructivist approaches could augment differential methods for appraising and fostering career exploration and choice in an integrated career assessment and counseling approach.
Hartung P J; Borges N J
Journal of Career Assessment
2005
2005-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277923" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/1069072705277923</a>
Barrier Or Benefit? Emotion In Life-career Design
adjustment; affectivity; career construction; career decision making; challenges; college-students; decisional process inventory; emotion; intelligence; life designing; perspectives; Psychology; satisfaction; validity
Emotion permeates human life, yet receives little attention in career theory and intervention. Long seen as a barrier to avoid, recent conceptual and empirical work indicate that emotion benefits human behavior and development. Advances in the interdisciplinary science of emotion support examining the construct across differential, developmental, and social cognitive career traditions. The subjective, phenomenological, and socially constructed nature of emotion particularly suits career theory and intervention's increasing emphases on postmodernism, constructivism, and social constructionism; implicating emotion as of principal benefit to self-construction in work and other life domains. In this regard, emotion figures prominently in motivational processes related to early memory narratives within career construction counseling and the intentionality process of life-career design. Considering emotion in life-career design may help complement vocational psychology's long-standing foci on answering questions of what occupations people choose and how ready they are to choose them with addressing the question of why people move along particular life-career pathways.
Hartung P J
Journal of Career Assessment
2011
2011-08
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1069072710395536" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/1069072710395536</a>
The Student Career Construction Inventory
adaptability; adaptability; Adaptation; Adapting; Adaptivity; Career choice; Career construction; exploration; fit indexes; form; maturity; measurement invariance; Psychology; Self-concept; validation
To address counselors' need for a reliable measure of career adapting thoughts and behaviors as well as researchers' need for a specific measure of adapting as a dimension in the model of career adaptation, we developed the Student Career Construction Inventory (SCCI). In the study, 486 high school students (55% female), 290 college students (59% female), and 220 graduate students (82% female) responded to the SCCI. The SCCI contains 18 items across four scales assessing: (a) Crystallizing a vocational self-concept, (b) Exploring to gather information about occupations, (c) Deciding to commit to an occupational choice, and (d) Preparing to implement that choice. The four scales interrelate to constitute a continuum reflecting the general factor of adapting responses during the exploration stage of a career. Each scale assesses a specific group factor reflecting a particular career construction task involving crystallizing, exploring, deciding, and preparing. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the SCCI displays configural and measurement invariance, meaning that its factor structure is replicable and generalizable across high school, college, and graduate students. The SCCI did not show scalar invariance because, as expected, the mean scores for the scales were elevated for older and more educated participants. The SCCI, as a measure of adapting responses, correlated as predicted with concurrent measures of three criteria: adaptive readiness, adaptability resources, and adaptation results. A provisional test of the career construction adaptation model indicated that, as hypothesized, adapting behaviors mediate the relationship between adaptability resources and adaptation outcomes.
Savickas M L; Porfeli E J; Hilton T L; Savickas S
Journal of Vocational Behavior
2018
2018-06
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.009</a>
Reflection and reflexivity during life-design interventions: Comments on Career Construction Counseling
Career construction; Counseling; Life design; narratives; Psychology; Reflexivity
The 8 articles in the Symposium advanced understanding of "Reflexivity in Life-Design Interventions". This discussion highlights distinctions between reflection and reflexivity, as well as their relation to first-order and second-order change. Then the contributions of the Symposium authors are organized using four phases of narrative counseling: symbolic representation, reflective self-examination, reflexive new realizations, and revisioning career identity. The discussion concludes by organizing the diverse terms the authors used to name these four phases into a uniform format. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Savickas M L
Journal of Vocational Behavior
2016
2016-12
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.09.001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jvb.2016.09.001</a>
Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century
adaptability; boundaryless; Career construction; Life design; Narrative therapy; Psychology
At the beginning of the 21st century, a new social arrangement of work poses a series of questions and challenges to scholars who aim to help people develop their working lives. Given the globalization of career counseling, we decided to address these issues and then to formulate potentially innovative responses in an international forum. We used this approach to avoid the difficulties of creating models and methods in one country and then trying to export them to other countries where they would be adapted for use. This article presents the initial outcome of this collaboration, a counseling model and methods. The life-designing model for career intervention endorses five presuppositions about people and their work lives: contextual possibilities, dynamic processes, non-linear progression, multiple perspectives, and personal patterns. Thinking from these five presuppositions, we have crafted a contextualized model based on the epistemology of social constructionism. particularly recognizing that an individual's knowledge and identity are the product of social interaction and that meaning is co-constructed through discourse. The life-design framework for counseling implements the theories of self-constructing [Guichard, J. (2005). Life-long self-construction. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 5, 111-124] and career construction [Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counselling: putting theory and research to work (pp. 42-70). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley] that describe vocational behavior and its development. Thus, the framework is structured to be life-long, holistic, contextual, and preventive. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Savickas M L; Nota L; Rossier J; Dauwalder J P; Duarte M E; Guichard J; Soresi S; Van Esbroeck R; van Vianen A E M
Journal of Vocational Behavior
2009
2009-12
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004</a>
Efficacy of a group career construction intervention with early adolescent youth
Career adaptability; Career construction; Early adolescent career development; Life design; My career story
Career construction for life design aims to assist individuals across developmental age periods to anticipate and manage career transitions. We developed and implemented a group career construction intervention based on the My Career Story (MCS) workbook and compared it with a traditional career intervention for fostering life-career design among early adolescent youth. Participants (N = 108) were assigned based on convenience to an experimental group (27 girls, 27 boys) or a control group (27 girls, 27 boys). All participants responded pre- and postintervention to measures of career adaptability, hope and optimism, and resilience and future orientation. Results indicated increased postintervention scores on career adaptability and future orientation measures for the experimental group but not for the control group. Likewise, moderation analysis revealed post-intervention increases in scores on measures of the concern and control dimensions of career adaptability for the experimental group only. No significant changes occurred in hope and optimism or resilience scores for either group. Social validity analysis supported participants' perceived efficacy, usefulness, and satisfaction with the career construction counseling group intervention. The MCS shows promise as a narrative-based intervention to promote particular aspects of youth life-career construction. Future research is needed to further examine and support the efficacy of the MCS for this purpose.
Santilli Sara; Nota Laura; Hartung Paul J
Journal of Vocational Behavior
2019
2019-04
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.007" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.007</a>