Aeroallergen sensitization in healthy children: racial and socioeconomic correlates.
Female; Male; Socioeconomic Factors; Incidence; Child; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Odds Ratio; Health Status; Probability; Confidence Intervals; Human; Adolescence; Logistic Regression; Case Control Studies; Immunization; Preschool; Population; Air Pollutants – Immunology; Allergens – Immunology; Hypersensitivity – Diagnosis; Hypersensitivity – Epidemiology; Hypersensitivity – Immunology; Respiratory Hypersensitivity – Diagnosis; Respiratory Hypersensitivity – Ethnology; Respiratory Hypersensitivity – Immunology; Skin Tests – Methods
Objective: Allergic sensitization is very prevalent and often precedes the development of allergic disease. This study examined the association of race with allergic sensitization among healthy children with no family history of atopy.Study Design: Two hundred seventy-five children, predominantly from lower socioeconomic strata, from Cincinnati, Ohio, ages 2 to 18 years without a family or personal history of allergic diseases, underwent skin prick testing to 11 allergen panels. The Pediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PADQLQ) was used to examine the impact of sensitization on quality of life.Results: Thirty-nine percent of healthy children were sensitized to 1 or more allergen panels. Multivariate logistic regression showed increased risk among African-American children for any sensitization (OR, 2.17; [95% CI: 1.23, 3.84]) and sensitization to any outdoor allergen (OR, 2.96 [95% CI: 1.52, 5.74]). Eighty-six percent of children had PADQLQ scores of 1 or less (0 to 6 scale).Conclusions: Allergic sensitization is prevalent even among children who do not have a personal or family history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis and who have no evidence of current, even subtle effects from this sensitization on allergic disease-related quality of life. African-American children are at greater risk for presence of sensitization, especially to outdoor allergens.
Stevenson MD; Sellins S; Grube E; Schroer K; Gupta J; Wang N; Khurana Hershey GK; Stevenson Michelle D; Sellins Stacey; Grube Emilie; Schroer Kathy; Gupta Jayanta; Wang Ning; Khurana Hershey Gurjit K
Journal of Pediatrics
2007
2007-08
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.03.001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.03.001</a>
Hospital outcomes and disposition of trauma patients who are intubated because of combativeness.
Adult; Female; Male; Ohio; Incidence; Intubation; Human; Chi Square Test; Case Control Studies; Retrospective Design; Violence; Physical; Restraint; Intratracheal; Treatment Outcomes; Nonparametric Statistics; Trauma Severity Indices; Length of Stay – Statistics and Numerical Data; Wounds and Injuries – Complications; Hypnotics and Sedatives – Therapeutic Use; Lorazepam – Therapeutic Use; Patient Discharge – Statistics and Numerical Data; Pneumonia – Epidemiology
BACKGROUND:: The purpose of this study was to determine whether trauma patients who are intubated because of combativeness, and not because of medical necessity, have more complications resulting in longer lengths of stay. METHODS:: Data were retrospectively collected from 2001 through 2004 on trauma patients who were intubated because of combative behavior before hospital admission (group 1, N = 34). Cases were matched 1:2 by age, sex, injury severity score (ISS), and injury to controls each who were not intubated (group 2, N = 68). Additionally, there were 187 patients identified who were intubated because of medical necessity before hospital admission; these represented unmatched intubated controls and were divided based on ISS \textless15 (group 3, N = 58) and ISS \textgreater15 (group 4, N = 129). RESULTS:: There were no significant differences between groups 1, 2, and 3 with regard to age, sex, or ISS. There was no significant difference between the groups 1 and 2 in frequency of head injuries as demonstrated by positive computed tomography (50 vs. 37%, p = 0.28); however, there was a significant difference in frequency of neurologic deficit at discharge (33 vs. 6%, p = 0.006). There was a significant difference in the frequency of head injuries between groups 1 and 3 (50 vs. 22%, p = 0.006); however, there was no significant difference in neurologic deficit at discharge (33 vs. 22%, p = 0.24). There was a significant difference in hospital length of stay between groups 1 and 2 (7.4 +/- 5.9 vs. 4.3 +/- 4.5 days, p = 0.0009). The incidence of pneumonia was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 (29 vs. 0%, p \textless 0.0001). The amount of lorazepam in average mg per day was also significantly greater in group 1 versus group 2 (4.4 +/- 11.5 vs. 0.4 +/- 1.6, p \textless 0.0001). There was also a difference in the discharge status, with significantly fewer group 1 cases being discharged home compared with group 2 (56 vs. 91%, p \textless 0.0001). There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 3 with regard to length of stay, ventilator days, pneumonia, or discharge status. There was a significant difference between groups 1 and 3 in the amount of lorazepam per day (4.4 +/- 11.5 vs. 0.4 +/- 1.6, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION:: The results from this study indicate that trauma patients who are intubated because of combativeness, and not because of medical necessity, have longer lengths of stay, increased incidence of pneumonia, and poorer discharge status when compared with matched controls. The outcomes of this group are similar to that of patients who are intubated because of medical necessity.
Muakkassa FF; Marley RA; Workman MC; Salvator AE
Journal of Trauma
2010
2010-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3181dcd137" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/TA.0b013e3181dcd137</a>
Findings from a 10-year follow-up of bone mineral density in competitive perimenopausal runners.
Adult; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Follow-Up Studies; Prospective Studies; Case-Control Studies; Bone Density/*physiology; Running/*physiology; Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging/*physiology; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging/*physiology; Perimenopause; Osteoporosis; Human; Questionnaires; Clinical Trials; Middle Age; Case Control Studies; Absorptiometry; Photon; Postmenopausal/*diagnostic imaging; Menopause; Bone Density – Physiology; Hip Joint – Physiology; Hip Joint – Radiography; Lumbar Vertebrae – Physiology; Lumbar Vertebrae – Radiography; Osteoporosis – Radiography; Running – Physiology
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in perimenopausal competitive runners with long-term follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen master female runners between 40 and 50 years old who ran at least 20 miles per week were evaluated. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and at the 10-year follow-up. RESULTS: The median age was 46 and median miles run per week, 25. At baseline, after a median of 11 years of competitive running, hip BMD was above peak bone mass (T-score = 0.8) and that of age-matched controls (Z-score = 1.6), while lumbar spine BMD was below peak bone mass (T-score = -0.8) and equal to that of age-matched controls (Z-score = -0.1). At the 10-year follow-up, hip BMD fell below peak bone mass (T-score = -0.2, p = 0.0004) but was still above that of age-matched controls (Z-score = 0.5, p = 0.002), while there was little change in lumbar spine BMD. CONCLUSION: Competitive running prior to the perimenopausal period seems to be associated with improved hip BMD. However, continued competitive running during the perimenopausal period is not associated with prevention of a perimenopausal hip BMD decline. In contrast, competitive running had little effect on peri-menopausal lumbar spine BMD.
Fanning James; Larrick Lori; Weinstein Louis; Horrigan Terrence J; Marcotte Michael P; Flora Robert F
The Journal of reproductive medicine
2007
2007-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Glycation Reduces the Stability of ApoAI and Increases HDL Dysfunction in Diet-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes.
Adult; Aged; Animal Studies; Animals; Apolipoprotein A-I/blood/*metabolism; Apolipoproteins – Blood; Apolipoproteins – Metabolism; Biochemical Phenomena; Case Control Studies; Case-Control Studies; Cells; Comparative Studies; Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dyslipidemias/complications/diet therapy/*metabolism; Evaluation Research; Female; Funding Source; Glycosylation; HDL – Metabolism; HDL/*metabolism; Human; Humans; Hyperglycemia – Complications; Hyperglycemia – Diet Therapy; Hyperglycemia – Metabolism; Hyperglycemia/complications/diet therapy/*metabolism; Hyperlipidemia – Complications; Hyperlipidemia – Diet Therapy; Hyperlipidemia – Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Male; Mice; Middle Age; Middle Aged; Multicenter Studies; Protein Stability; Type 2 – Complications; Type 2 – Diet Therapy; Type 2 – Metabolism; Type 2/complications/*diet therapy/metabolism; Validation Studies
Context: Hyperglycemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction and increased degradation of apolipoprotein I (ApoAI). The mechanism(s) of these changes is largely unknown. Objective: To study the role of hyperglycemia-induced glycation on ApoAI kinetics and stability in patients with diet-controlled T2DM. Design: 2H2O-metabolic labeling approach was used to study ApoAI turnover in patients with diet-controlled T2DM [n = 9 (5 F); 59.3 +/- 8.5 years] and matched healthy controls [n = 8 (4 F); 50.7 +/- 11.6 years]. The effect of Amadori glycation on in vivo ApoAI stability and the antioxidant and cholesterol efflux properties of HDL were assessed using a proteomics approach and in vitro assays. Results: Patients with T2DM had increased turnover of ApoAI and impaired cholesterol efflux and antioxidant properties of HDL. Glycated hemoglobin was negatively correlated with the half-life of ApoAI and cholesterol efflux function of HDL. Proteomics analysis identified several nonenzymatic early (Amadori) glycations of ApoAI at lysine sites. The kinetics analysis of glycated and native ApoAI peptides in patients with T2DM revealed that glycation resulted in a threefold shorter ApoAI half-life. Conclusions: The 2H2O method allowed the detection of early in vivo impairments in HDL metabolism and function that were related to hyperglycemia-induced glycation of ApoAI in T2DM.
Kashyap Sangeeta R; Osme Abdullah; Ilchenko Serguei; Golizeh Makan; Lee Kwangwon; Wang Shuhui; Bena James; Previs Stephen F; Smith Jonathan D; Kasumov Takhar
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
2018
2018-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01551" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1210/jc.2017-01551</a>
High Body Mass Index in Infancy May Predict Severe Obesity in Early Childhood.
*BMI percentile; *Body Mass Index; *infant growth; *obese; *weight for length; Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Case Control Studies; Case-Control Studies; Child; Comparative Studies; Evaluation Research; Female; Human; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Logistic Models; Logistic Regression; Male; Morbid – Diagnosis; Morbid – Epidemiology; Morbid/*diagnosis/*epidemiology; Multicenter Studies; Newborn; Obesity; Obesity – Diagnosis; Obesity – Epidemiology; Obesity/diagnosis/epidemiology; Predictive Value of Tests; Preschool; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Scales; Sex Factors; Validation Studies; Weight Gain
OBJECTIVE: To characterize growth trajectories of children who develop severe obesity by age 6 years and identify clinical thresholds for detection of high-risk children before the onset of obesity. STUDY DESIGN: Two lean (body mass index [BMI] 5th to /=99th percentile) groups were selected from populations treated at pediatric referral and primary care clinics. A population-based cohort was used to validate the utility of identified risk thresholds. Repeated-measures mixed modeling and logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 783 participants of normal weight and 480 participants with severe obesity were included in the initial study. BMI differed significantly between the severely obese and normal-weight cohorts by age 4 months (P \textless .001), at 1 year before the median age at onset of obesity. A cutoff of the World Health Organization (WHO) 85th percentile for BMI at 6, 12, and 18 months was a strong predictor of severe obesity by age 6 years (sensitivity, 51%-95%; specificity, 95%). This BMI threshold was validated in a second independent cohort (n = 2649), with a sensitivity of 33%-77% and a specificity of 74%-87%. A BMI \textgreater/=85th percentile in infancy increases the risk of severe obesity by age 6 years by 2.5-fold and the risk of clinical obesity by age 6 years by 3-fold. CONCLUSIONS: BMI trajectories in children who develop severe obesity by age 6 years differ from those in children who remain at normal weight by age 4-6 months, before the onset of obesity. Infants with a WHO BMI \textgreater/=85th percentile are at increased risk for developing severe obesity by age 6 years.
Smego Allison; Woo Jessica G; Klein Jillian; Suh Christina; Bansal Danesh; Bliss Sherri; Daniels Stephen R; Bolling Christopher; Crimmins Nancy A
The Journal of pediatrics
2017
2017-04
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.020" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.020</a>