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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cww104" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cww104</a>
Pages
57–63
Issue
1
Volume
27
Dublin Core
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Title
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Surprising absence of heparin in the intestinal mucosa of baby pigs.
Publisher
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Glycobiology
Date
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2017
2017-01
Subject
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*antibiotics; *heparin; *intestine; *microbiome; *pig; Animals; Anticoagulants/*metabolism; Chondroitin Sulfates/metabolism; Heparin/biosynthesis/isolation & purification/*metabolism; Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism; Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism; Mast Cells/metabolism; Newborn/*metabolism; Swine
Creator
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Yu Yanlei; Chen Yin; Mikael Paiyz; Zhang Fuming; Stalcup Apryll M; German Rebecca; Gould Francois; Ohlemacher Jocelyn; Zhang Hong; Linhardt Robert J
Description
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Heparin, a member of a family of molecules called glycosaminoglycans, is biosynthesized in mucosal mast cells. This important anticoagulant polysaccharide is primarily produced by extraction of the mast cell-rich intestinal mucosa of hogs. There is concern about our continued ability to supply sufficient heparin to support the worldwide growth of advanced medical procedures from the static population of adult hogs used as food animals. While the intestinal mucosa of adult pigs is rich in anticoagulant heparin (containing a few hundred milligrams per animal), little is known about how the content of heparin changes with animal age. Using sophisticated mass spectral analysis we discovered that heparin was largely absent from the intestinal mucosa of piglets. Moreover, while the related, nonanticoagulant heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan was present in significant amounts we found little chondroitin sulfate E also associated with mast cells. Histological evaluation of piglet intestinal mucosa showed a very low mast cell content. Respiratory mast cells have been reported in baby pigs suggesting that there was something unique about the piglets used in the current study. These piglets were raised in the relatively clean environment of a university animal facility and treated with antibiotics over their lifetime resulting in a depleted microbiome that greatly reduced the number of mast cells and heparin content of the intestinal mucosal in these animals. Thus, from the current study it remains unclear whether the lack of intestinal mast cell-derived heparin results from the young age of these animals or their exposure to their depleted microbiome.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cww104" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/glycob/cww104</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Antibiotics
*heparin
*intestine
*microbiome
*pig
2017
Animals
Anticoagulants/*metabolism
Chen Yin
Chondroitin Sulfates/metabolism
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
German Rebecca
Glycobiology
Gould Francois
Heparin/biosynthesis/isolation & purification/*metabolism
Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism
Linhardt Robert J
Mast Cells/metabolism
Mikael Paiyz
NEOMED College of Medicine
Newborn/*metabolism
Ohlemacher Jocelyn
Stalcup Apryll M
Swine
Yu Yanlei
Zhang Fuming
Zhang Hong