Hepatic carboxylesterase 1 is induced by glucose and regulates postprandial glucose levels.
Male; Animals; Mice; Blood Glucose/*metabolism; Histones/metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation; Acetylation/drug effects; Glucose/*pharmacology; Homeostasis; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/*metabolism; Nutritional Status; *Postprandial Period; ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/metabolism; Chromatin/metabolism; Liver/*enzymology; Inbred C57BL; Enzymologic/drug effects
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, increases the risks for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides and cholesterol esters, and is important for lipid metabolism. Our previous data show that over-expression of mouse hepatic CES1 lowers plasma glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity in diabetic ob/ob mice. In the present study, we determined the physiological role of hepatic CES1 in glucose homeostasis. Hepatic CES1 expression was reduced by fasting but increased in diabetic mice. Treatment of mice with glucose induced hepatic CES1 expression. Consistent with the in vivo study, glucose stimulated CES1 promoter activity and increased acetylation of histone 3 and histone 4 in the CES1 chromatin. Knockdown of ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme that regulates histone acetylation, abolished glucose-mediated histone acetylation in the CES1 chromatin and glucose-induced hepatic CES1 expression. Finally, knockdown of hepatic CES1 significantly increased postprandial blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the present study uncovers a novel glucose-CES1-glucose pathway which may play an important role in regulating postprandial blood glucose levels.
Xu Jiesi; Yin Liya; Xu Yang; Li Yuanyuan; Zalzala Munaf; Cheng Gang; Zhang Yanqiao
PloS one
2014
2014
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109663" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1371/journal.pone.0109663</a>
Integrated zwitterionic conjugated poly(carboxybetaine thiophene) as a new biomaterial platform.
An integrated zwitterionic conjugated polymer-based biomaterial platform was designed and studied to address some of the key challenges of conjugated polymers in biomedical applications. This biomaterial platform consists of conjugated polymer backbones and multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. Zwitterionic materials gain electrical conductivity and interesting optical properties through conjugated polymer backbones, and non-biocompatible conjugated polymers obtain excellent antifouling properties, enhanced electrical conductivity, functional groups of bioconjugation and response to environmental stimuli via multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. This platform can potentially be adapted to a wide range of applications (e.g. bioelectronics, tissue engineering and biofuel cell), which require high performance conducting materials with excellent antifouling/biocompatibility at biointerfaces.
Cao Bin; Tang Qiong; Li Linlin; Lee Chen-Jung; Wang Hua; Zhang Yanqiao; Castaneda Homero; Cheng Gang
Chemical science
2015
2015-01
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1039/c4sc02200a" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1039/c4sc02200a</a>