Changes in instrumentally and classically conditioned limb-flexion responses following inferior olivary lesions and olivocerebellar tractotomy in the cat.
Male; Time Factors; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Reference Values; Cats; *Conditioning (Psychology); *Movement; Brain/anatomy & histology; Cerebellum/*physiology; Forelimb; Olivary Nucleus/*physiology; *Conditioning; Classical
Lesions were placed in various parts of the inferior olivary nucleus and olivocerebellar tract in an attempt to define further the role of the inferior olive in the performance of a conditioned limb-flexion response (LFR) in cats. Thirty-two cats were trained to make an LFR using either classical or instrumental conditioning. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a tone, and the unconditioned stimulus (US), a shock to the forelimb. Following training, lesions were placed in various parts of the inferior olivary nucleus in 20 animals (radio frequency lesions, 17; electrolytic lesions, 3). Midline section of the olivocerebellar tract was carried out in 12 animals. The degree of conditioned-response (CR) loss resulting from a given lesion was closely related to the precise locus of the lesion. Rostromedial olivary lesions, which included the spino- and cortico-olivary forelimb projection zones and the olivocerebellar projection area, resulted in varying degrees of CR loss (from partial to near total), deregulation of response latency, and a significant reduction of response amplitude. The CR deficit and degree of post-operative CR recovery were directly related to the extent of damage to this part of the rostromedial olive. Lesions restricted to the caudal olive or to caudal levels of the olivo-cerebellar tract resulted in no postoperative CR deficits. Animals with caudal lesions, however, showed more severe general motor deficits postoperatively than did those with rostromedial lesions and loss of the CR. Prolonged training of animals with the most complete CR deficits resulted in some relearning, but response patterns were typified by long-latency, low-amplitude CRs and a highly unstable response pattern.
Voneida T J; Christie D; Bogdanski R; Chopko B
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
1990
1990-11
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.10-11-03583.1990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1523/jneurosci.10-11-03583.1990</a>
Continued trends in the conditioned place preference literature from 1992 to 1996, inclusive, with a cross-indexed bibliography.
*Choice Behavior; *Conditioning; Animals; Classical; Experimental/*trends; Operant; Psychology
In light of the overwhelming response to the previous publication in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (1993, 17, 21-41) regarding trends in place conditioning (either preference or aversion), the present work constitutes a five-year follow-up to review the empirical research in this behavioral paradigm from 1992 to 1996, inclusively. The behavioral technique has grown as indicated by the number of publications over the last five years which equals those authored over the 35 years covered by our last survey. The previous work used descriptive statistics to explore topical issues, whereas the present work discusses trends since that time and hopes to provide an exhaustive bibliography of the CPP literature, including articles, published abstracts, book chapters and reviews, as well as providing a cross-index of identified key words/drugs tested.
Schechter M D; Calcagnetti D J
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
1998
1998-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(98)00012-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0149-7634(98)00012-8</a>
Extinction of cocaine-induced place approach in rats: a validation of the "biased" conditioning procedure.
Animals; Classical; Cocaine/*pharmacology; Conditioning; Extinction; Habituation; Inbred Strains; Male; Operant/*drug effects; Psychological/*drug effects; Psychophysiologic/drug effects; Rats; Reward
It has often been demonstrated that when a rat is conditioned in a cue-specific environment that has been repeatedly paired with cocaine injections, it will spend more time in that environment than it does in a saline-paired environment. This behavioral procedure is commonly known as the conditioned place preference (CPP)-test. At present, a firm theoretical understanding of the mechanisms underlying the production of a CPP are unknown. It is insufficient merely to know that a CPP can result after repeated drug pairings. Rather, it is necessary that the procedure is validated within a learning theory framework. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to establish that what is observed in place preference studies was, indeed, conditioning. This was accomplished by determining whether a cocaine-induced increase in time spent in a drug-paired environment was subject to attenuation following extinction trials. Rats were tested for their initial bias in spending more time in one of two stimulus-specific chambers of a place-conditioning apparatus. On four occasions, rats were injected with 2.5 mg/kg cocaine and confined to their less-preferred chamber whereas, on four alternating sessions, they were conditioned with saline (vehicle) in their preferred chamber. Subsequent testing in the nondrugged state revealed that these rats displayed a significant increase in the time spent in their initially least-preferred environment compared to baseline measurements. Following establishment of this cocaine-induced CPP, the rats were injected only with saline and conditioned for an equal number of sessions (i.e., four).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calcagnetti D J; Schechter M D
Brain research bulletin
1993
1905-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(93)90102-h" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0361-9230(93)90102-h</a>