Pre-pharyngeal Swallow Effects of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Lesion on Bolus Shape and Airway Protection in an Infant Pig Model.
*Aspiration; *Deglutition; *Deglutition disorders; *Infant; *Oro-pharyngeal pathophysiology; *Recurrent laryngeal nerve; Animal Studies; Animals; Aspiration – Etiology; Aspiration/etiology; Deglutition – Physiology; Deglutition Disorders – Etiology; Deglutition Disorders – Physiopathology; Deglutition Disorders/*etiology/physiopathology; Deglutition/physiology; Laryngeal Nerve Injuries/*complications; Laryngeal Nerves – Injuries; Newborn; Pneumonia; Swine
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage in infants leads to increased dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. Recent work has shown that intraoral transport and swallow kinematics change following RLN lesion, suggesting potential changes in bolus formation prior to the swallow. In this study, we used geometric morphometrics to understand the effect of bolus shape on penetration and aspiration in infants with and without RLN lesion. We hypothesized (1) that geometric bolus properties are related to airway protection outcomes and (2) that in infants with RLN lesion, the relationship between geometric bolus properties and dysphagia is changed. In five infant pigs, dysphagia in 188 swallows was assessed using the Infant Mammalian Penetration-Aspiration Scale (IMPAS). Using images from high-speed VFSS, bolus shape, bolus area, and tongue outline were quantified digitally. Bolus shape was analyzed using elliptical Fourier analysis, and tongue outline using polynomial curve fitting. Despite large inter-individual differences, significant within individual effects of bolus shape and bolus area on airway protection exist. The relationship between penetration-aspiration score and both bolus area and shape changed post lesion. Tongue shape differed between pre- and post-lesion swallows, and between swallows with different IMPAS scores. Bolus shape and area affect airway protection outcomes. RLN lesion changes that relationship, indicating that proper bolus formation and control by the tongue require intact laryngeal sensation. The impact of RLN lesion on dysphagia is pervasive.
Gould Francois D H; Yglesias B; Ohlemacher J; German R Z
Dysphagia
2017
2017-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9762-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s00455-016-9762-2</a>
Animal Models for Dysphagia Studies: What Have We Learnt So Far.
*Animal models; *Deglutition; *Deglutition disorders; *Disease Models; *Pathophysiology; *Performance; Animal; Animals; Biological; Biomedical Research/*methods; Deglutition – Physiology; Deglutition Disorders – Physiopathology; Deglutition Disorders/*physiopathology; Deglutition/physiology; Humans; Medical – Methods; Models; Research
Research using animal models has contributed significantly to realizing the goal of understanding dysfunction and improving the care of patients who suffer from dysphagia. But why should other researchers and the clinicians who see patients day in and day out care about this work? Results from studies of animal models have the potential to change and grow how we think about dysphagia research and practice in general, well beyond applying specific results to human studies. Animal research provides two key contributions to our understanding of dysphagia. The first is a more complete characterization of the physiology of both normal and pathological swallow than is possible in human subjects. The second is suggesting of specific, physiological, targets for development and testing of treatment interventions to improve dysphagia outcomes.
German Rebecca Z; Crompton A W; Gould Francois D H; Thexton Allan J
Dysphagia
2017
2017-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9778-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s00455-016-9778-7</a>