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Diabetes reduces growth and body composition more in male than in female rats.

Food restriction and/or starvation has a consistently greater and more permanent effect on physical growth in males than in females. Because diabetes may be viewed as being analogous to starvation, we tested the hypothesis that diabetes would reduce…

Daily exercise reduces fat, protein and body mass in male but not female rats.

This study was designed to compare the estimated energy balance, linear growth (body and bone lengths) and body composition (all components including body mass, total body water, fat, protein and ash) response to daily spontaneous running (DSR) in…

Onset of exercise increases lumbar sympathetic nerve activity in rats.

We hypothesized that lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) increases at the onset of whole-body dynamic exercise in the rat. To test this hypothesis, we recorded LSNA, heart rate (HR), and arterial pressure (AP) at rest and during a graded…

Tags: 1996, Animal/*physiology, Animals, Blood Pressure, Chen C Y, Collins H L, DiCarlo S E, Heart Rate, Lumbar Vertebrae/*innervation, Medicine and science in sports and exercise, Physical Conditioning, Rats, Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiology

Local modulation of adrenergic responses in the hindlimb vasculature of the intact conscious rat.

1. Local modulation of adrenergic responses was examined in the hindlimb vasculature of chronically instrumented intact conscious rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 22) were instrumented with a Doppler flow probe around the right common iliac artery, a…

Tags: 1995, Adrenergic Agonists/*pharmacology, Animals, Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Chen C Y, Collins H L, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology, DiCarlo S E, Female, Hemodynamics/*drug effects/physiology, Hindlimb/*blood supply/drug effects/metabolism, Indomethacin/pharmacology, Male, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors, Patil R D, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, The Journal of physiology

Integrated cardiovascular physiology: a laboratory exercise.

Examining the hemodynamic responses to exercise provides a unique opportunity to analyze and integrate cardiovascular physiology because more is learned about how a system operates when it is forced to perform than when it is idle. We designed a…

Tags: *Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, 1993, Adult, DiCarlo S E, Educational Measurement/methods, Heart Transplantation/physiology, Hemodynamics, Humans, Karve S V, Male, Patil R D, Physiology/*education, Quadriplegia/physiopathology, Sports, Teaching/methods, The American journal of physiology

Physiology laboratory experience for high school students.

Recently, we were charged with providing a learning opportunity for high school students participating in the Upward Bound Regional Math and Science Program, a program designed to stimulate interest in mathematics and science for students from…

Tags: *Laboratories, 1993, Adolescent, Animals, Collins H L, DiCarlo S E, Dissection, Female, Humans, Male, Muscles/physiology, Ohio, Physiology/*education/instrumentation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Teaching/methods, The American journal of physiology

An educational tool for understanding the cardiopulmonary changes associated with aging.

Normal aging is associated with cardiac, vascular, and pulmonary adaptations that significantly affect the individual's ability to maintain homeostasis. To understand the changes associated with aging, we developed a laboratory exercise that compares…

Tags: *Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, *Education, *Teaching Materials, 1994, Adult, Aged, Aging/*physiology, Chandler M P, DiCarlo S E, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Medical, Physiology/*education, The American journal of physiology

An educational tool for understanding the cardiopulmonary changes associated with heart failure.

We wanted a new and innovative method of engaging students in interactive learning. To this end, we developed an educational tool that compares and contracts the cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in an individual with heart failure with an…

Tags: *Hemodynamics, *Teaching Materials, 1994, Chen Y, DiCarlo S E, Exercise, Heart Failure/*physiopathology, Humans, Physiology/*education, The American journal of physiology

An educational tool for understanding the cardiovascular changes associated with diabetes.

Diabetes, a syndrome characterized by high plasma glucose and low plasma insulin concentrations, is associated with somatic and autonomic neuropadiabetes as well as cardiac and vascular disorders. These consequences of diabetes significantly affect…

Model demonstrating respiratory mechanics for high school students.

We wanted to develop educational materials appropriate for the high school student which would present physiological concepts in an innovative way. The impetus was in response to the lack of physiology educational materials appropriate for the high…

Tags: *Models, *Schools, *Teaching Materials, 1996, Adolescent, Biological, Chan V, DiCarlo S E, Educational, Equipment Design, Humans, Manometry, Pisegna J, Respiratory Mechanics/*physiology, Rosian R, The American journal of physiology

Construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs.

Employment opportunities in the future will require higher skills and an understanding of mathematics and science. As a result of the growing number of careers that require solid science and mathematics training, the methods of science education are…

Tags: *Models, 1996, Animals, Chan V, DiCarlo S E, Education, Medical, Neural Pathways/*physiology, Neurological, Pisegna J M, Reflex/*physiology, Rosian R L, The American journal of physiology

Laboratory exercise using "virtual rats" to teach endocrine physiology.

Animal experimentation is limited in many curricula due to the expense, lack of adequate animal facilities and equipment, and limited experience of the teachers. There are also ethical concerns dealing with the comfort and safety of the animals. To…

Onset of exercise shifts operating point of arterial baroreflex to higher pressures.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the onset of exercise is dependent on a rapid upward shift of the operating point of the arterial baroreflex. To…

Tags: *Blood Pressure, *Physical Exertion, 1992, Animals, Arteries/*physiology, Bishop V S, Denervation, DiCarlo S E, Heart Rate, Kidney/physiology, Pressoreceptors/*physiology, Rabbits, Reflex/*physiology, Sinus of Valsalva/physiology, Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology, The American journal of physiology

Attenuation of postexertional hypotension by cardiac afferent blockade.

Naloxone eliminates postexertional hypotension (PEH) in human and animal models. The effect of naloxone on sympathetic activity during hemorrhage and generation of arterial baroreflex function curves can be stimulated by blockade of cardiac afferent…

Tags: *Heart Arrest, *Physical Exertion, 1993, Afferent Pathways/physiology, Animals, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Collins H L, DiCarlo S E, Efferent Pathways/physiology, Heart Rate/drug effects, Hypotension/*physiopathology, Inbred SHR, Induced, Pressoreceptors/drug effects, Procainamide/pharmacology, Rats, Reference Values, The American journal of physiology

Acute exercise enhances nitric oxide modulation of vascular response to phenylephrine.

The influence of the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) on the vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine (PE) was evaluated before and after a single bout of dynamic exercise. Each rat ran on a motor-driven treadmill at

Daily spontaneous running did not alter vagal afferent reactivity.

Exercise training alters the cardiopulmonary baroreflex regulation of the circulation; however, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. One possibility is an enhanced afferent response to cardiopulmonary stimulation. We therefore tested the…

Gender difference in cardiopulmonary reflex inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity.

We tested the hypothesis that reflex responses to mechanical [increase in left atrial pressure (LAP) 0-25 mmHg] and chemical stimulation [left atrial injection of phenylbiguanide (PBG), 0.5-10 mg/kg] of cardiopulmonary receptors are greater in female…

Daily spontaneous running attenuated the central gain of the arterial baroreflex.

Exercise training attenuates arterial baroreflex function. Mechanisms responsible may include an attenuated aortic baroreceptor reactivity (afferent mechanisms) and/or an attenuated central baroreflex gain. We tested the hypothesis that the aortic…

Tags: 1995, Animal, Animals, Arteries/*physiology, Baroreflex/*physiology, Brain/*physiology, Chen C Y, DiCarlo S E, Female, Male, Motor Activity/*physiology, Physical Conditioning, Rats, Scislo T J, Sprague-Dawley, The American journal of physiology

Daily exercise and gender influence arterial baroreflex regulation of heart rate and nerve activity.

The influence of daily spontaneous running (DSR) and gender on the arterial baroreflex regulation of heart rate (HR) and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) was examined in 13 male [7 sedentary (SED) and 6 DSR] and 12 female (6 SED and 6 DSR)…

Tags: *Physical Conditioning, *Sex Characteristics, 1996, Animal, Animals, Arteries/*physiology, Baroreflex/*physiology, Chen C Y, DiCarlo S E, Female, Heart Rate/*physiology, Lumbosacral Region, Male, Rats, Rest, Sprague-Dawley, Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiology, The American journal of physiology

Daily exercise and gender influence postexercise cardiac autonomic responses in hypertensive rats.

The influence of daily spontaneous running (DSR) and gender on postexercise cardiac autonomic responses was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were weaned at 4-5 wk of age and were randomly assigned to a sedentary (7 males and 6…

Daily exercise attenuates the sympathetic nerve response to exercise by enhancing cardiac afferents.

"Central command" may initiate the sympathoexcitatory responses at the onset of exercise by shifting the operating point of the arterial baroreflex toward higher pressures. Daily exercise (DE) attenuates the sympathoexcitatory responses to submaximal…

Tags: 1997, Afferent Pathways, Animal/*physiology, Animals, Baroreflex, Bishop V S, Blood Pressure, DiCarlo S E, Femoral Artery/physiology, Femoral Vein/physiology, Heart Rate, Heart/innervation/*physiology, Kidney/innervation, Physical Conditioning, Rabbits, Stahl L K, Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiology, The American journal of physiology

Daily exercise attenuates the sympathetic component of the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate.

The influence of daily spontaneous running (DSR) on the sympathetic (SC) and parasympathetic components of the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) was examined in 16 female Long Evans rats [8 sedentary (SED) and 8 DSR]. After

Sinoaortic denervation prevents postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and cardiac sympathetic tonus.

Arterial pressure, cardiac sympathetic tonus (ST), and heart rate (HR) are reduced after a single bout of dynamic exercise in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). To test if the arterial baroreflex is required for these postexercise responses,…

Tags: *Muscle Denervation, 1997, Animals, Autonomic Nervous System/physiology/physiopathology, Blood Pressure/*physiology, Chandler M P, DiCarlo S E, Heart Rate/*physiology, Heart/innervation/*physiology/physiopathology, Hypertension/*physiopathology, Inbred SHR, Male, Muscle Tonus, Physical Exertion/*physiology, Rats, Sinoatrial Node/*innervation, Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiology/physiopathology, The American journal of physiology

Acute exercise and gender alter cardiac autonomic tonus differently in hypertensive and normotensive rats.

Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), cardiac sympathetic tonus (ST), and parasympathetic tonus (PT) were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 8 male and 8 female) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY, 8 male and 12 female)…

Reduced vascular responsiveness after a single bout of dynamic exercise in the conscious rabbit.

We measured agonist-induced changes in the iliac artery blood flow velocity (IFV) independent of baroreflex-mediated compensatory mechanisms in chronically instrumented New Zealand White rabbits (n = 8). Animals were instrumented with a Doppler flow…

Cardiac afferents attenuate the muscle metaboreflex in the rat.

The influence of cardiac afferents on the muscle metaboreflex was examined in 16 rats instrumented with a Silastic-tipped catheter in the pericardial space and right atrium, Doppler ultrasonic flow probe and a pneumatic vascular occluder around the…

Daily exercise improved blood pressure homeostasis of rats subjected to surgical stress.

The effect of daily spontaneous running on blood pressure homeostasis (BPH) was evaluated in 19 male and 13 female control rats and 7 male and 13 female daily spontaneous running rats subjected to surgery and subsequent repetitive hemodynamic…

Tags: *Blood Pressure, *Homeostasis, *Physical Conditioning, 1994, Animal, Animals, DiCarlo S E, Female, Jarjoura D G, Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), Male, Operative/*adverse effects, Physiological/*etiology/*physiopathology, Rats, Running, Scislo T J, Sprague-Dawley, Stress, Surgical Procedures

Daily spontaneous running alters behavioral and neurochemical indexes of nigrostriatal function.

Behavioral and neurochemical indexes of nigrostriatal dopaminergic function were compared between sedentary control rats (n = 12) and daily spontaneous running (DSR) male rats (n = 10). Nine weeks of DSR did not significantly alter body, heart,…

Inactivation of one copy of the mouse neurotrophin-3 gene induces cardiac sympathetic deficits.

Whether two copies of the neurotrophin-3 (NT3) gene are necessary for proper development of cardiac sympathetic innervation was investigated in mice carrying a targeted inactivation of the NT3 gene. Heterozygous (+/-) and null (-/-) mutant mice had…

Acute exercise attenuates cardiac autonomic regulation in hypertensive rats.

Dynamic exercise may be used as a safe, therapeutic approach to reduce sympathetic nerve activity at rest and thus may be beneficial for individuals with hypertension. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a single bout of mild to moderate dynamic…

Acute exercise attenuates phenylephrine-induced contraction of rabbit isolated aortic rings.

Factors associated with a single bout of dynamic exercise (increased circulating catecholamines, increased body temperature, and decreased pH) are known to attenuate the vascular response to alpha-adrenergic receptor activation. Therefore, we…

Vagal afferents reflexly inhibit exercise in conscious rats.

Activation of vagal afferents reflexly inhibited locomotion induced by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region in decerebrate cats. However, this reflex has not been tested in intact mammals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test…

Enhanced cardiopulmonary reflex inhibition of heart rate during exercise.

We tested the hypothesis that the reflex inhibition of heart rate (HR) during mechanical (acute bolus injection of 0.5% and 2% of estimated blood volume) and chemical (phenylbiguanide, PBG, 2.5 and 5 micrograms.kg-1) stimulation of cardiopulmonary…

Enhanced cardiopulmonary reflex inhibition of heart rate during exercise [corrected] [published erratum appears in MED SCI SPORTS EXER 1996 Jan;28(1):154].

Tags: 1995, Analysis of Covariance, Animal Studies, Chemoreceptor Cells, Chen C, Collins H L, DiCarlo S E, Exertion – Physiology, Funding Source, Heart Rate – Physiology, Lung – Physiology, Mechanoreceptors, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Paired T-Tests, Rats, Reflex – Physiology, Repeated Measures, Statistical Significance, Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Onset of exercise increases lumbar sympathetic nerve activity in rats.

Tags: 1996, Animal Studies, Chen C, Collins H L, Data Analysis Software, DiCarlo S E, Exercise, Fisher's Exact Test, Funding Source, Heart Rate, Lumbar Vertebrae, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Paired T-Tests, Rats, Spinal Nerves, Sympathetic Nervous System – Physiology, Two-Tailed Test

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