Common fungal infections of the feet in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Drug Interactions; Clinical Trials; Administration; Topical; Oral; Foot Diseases – Diagnosis; Antifungal Agents – Therapeutic Use; Antifungal Agents – Administration and Dosage; Diabetes Mellitus – Complications; Antifungal Agents – Adverse Effects; Antifungal Agents – Pharmacokinetics; Foot Diseases – Classification; Foot Diseases – Drug Therapy; Foot Diseases – Epidemiology; Foot Diseases – Etiology; Foot Diseases – Microbiology; Foot Diseases – Symptoms; Mycoses – Classification; Mycoses – Diagnosis; Mycoses – Drug Therapy; Mycoses – Epidemiology; Mycoses – Etiology; Mycoses – Microbiology; Mycoses – Symptoms
Superficial fungal infections of the foot (tinea pedis and onychomycosis) are common among elderly patients. Although most authorities believe that patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased predisposition to dermatophytic infections, some controversies still remain. Because these infections disrupt the skin integrity and provide an avenue for bacterial superinfection, elderly diabetic patients with dermatophytic infection should be promptly treated with an antifungal agent. For most dermatophytic infections of the foot, topical agents are usually effective and less expensive than oral agents. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infection prior to institution of therapy is recommended. Proper technique for obtaining the specimen is important to ensure a higher chance of isolating the infecting fungus. Commonly used anti-dermatophytic agents that are also active against the yeasts include the imidazoles, the allylamines-benzylamines and the hydroxypyridones, which are also effective against most of the moulds. Oral therapy for tinea pedis, although not well studied, should be limited to patients with more extensive infections, such as vesicobullous and moccasin type, resistant infections or chronic infections. In addition, oral agents should also be considered in diabetic and immunosuppressed patients. On the other hand, treatment of onychomycosis of the foot usually requires systemic therapy. Griseofulvin is the least effective agent when compared with the newer agents. Terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole have been shown to have acceptable cure rates. More recently, topical treatment of the nail with 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer, bifonazole with urea and amorolfine have been reported to be successful. Over the past decade, fungal foot infections of the skin and nail are more effectively treated with the introduction of numerous topical and oral agents.
Tan J S; Joseph WS
Drugs & Aging
2004
2004-01-15
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200421020-00003" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.2165/00002512-200421020-00003</a>
Managing foot infections in patients with diabetes...twelfth in a series
Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Osteomyelitis; Antibiotics – Therapeutic Use; Diabetes Mellitus – Complications; Diabetic Foot – Therapy; Diabetic Foot – Complications; Diabetic Foot – Surgery
Tan MJ; Tan J S
Infections in Medicine
2006
2006-04
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Perfusion Pressures and Distal Oxygenation in Individuals With Diabetes Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis.
Female; Male; Aged; Prospective Studies; Microcirculation; Wound Healing; Human; Descriptive Statistics; Data Analysis Software; Comparative Studies; Pilot Studies; Middle Age; Diabetic Patients; Dialysis Patients; Oxygenation; Peripheral Circulation; Tissue Perfusion; Diabetes Mellitus – Complications; Hemodialysis – Adverse Effects; Lower Extremity – Blood Supply
Kay David B; Ray Susan; Haller Nairmeen Awad; Hewit Michael
Foot & Ankle International
2011
2011-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2011.0700" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3113/FAI.2011.0700</a>
Evidence-Based Rationale.
Wound Healing; Debridement; Gels; Health Care Costs; Drug Interactions; Infection Control; Economic Aspects of Illness; Wound Care; Diabetes Mellitus – Complications; Diabetes Mellitus – Economics; Diabetic Foot – Diagnosis; Diabetic Foot – Drug Therapy; Diabetic Foot – Economics; Diabetic Foot – Epidemiology; Diabetic Foot – Mortality; Diabetic Foot – Therapy; Growth Substances – Administration and Dosage; Growth Substances – Adverse Effects; Growth Substances – Contraindications; Growth Substances – Pharmacodynamics; Growth Substances – Therapeutic Use
Mostow Eliot; Regulski Matthew
Wounds: A Compendium of Clinical Research & Practice
2014
2014-01-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).