BONE-MARROW RECONVERSION IN ADULTS WHO ARE SMOKERS - MR-IMAGING FINDINGS
hyperplasia; knee; Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Radiology; red; yellow marrow
OBJECTIVE. Conversion of bone marrow in the extremities from red to yellow is a normal maturation process. Marrow reconversion is present when expected yellow marrow is replaced with active red marrow, and it tends to occur at times of physiologic stress. The significance of this finding on MR imaging is not always clear. Accordingly, we studied the prevalence of bone marrow reconversion in adults undergoing MR imaging of the knee for reasons other than marrow disorders. Possible relationships between marrow reconversion and age, sex, weight, and smoking were sought. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifty-nine outpatients over 24 years of age who had no evidence of hematopoietic disorders and for whom MR images of the knee were available for review were selected for study. Patients younger than 25 years old were eliminated to ensure that all patients in the study were old enough to have achieved normal adult marrow conversion. The 59 subjects were classified according to their smoking histories. Twenty-eight were nonsmokers, 10 were intermediate smokers, and 21 were heavy smokers. The MR images were classified as showing either red marrow (reconverted from yellow to red) or yellow marrow (converted) by two independent observers who had no knowledge of the patients' smoking histories. RESULTS. MR images of six heavy smokers, two intermediate smokers, and one nonsmoker showed evidence of reconversion. A statistically significant association between marrow reconversion and heavy smoking (p = .02) was found. Reconversion also was found to be more prevalent in patients less than 39 years old and in obese women who smoked. No association was found between weight, sex, or obese male smokers and reconversion. CONCLUSION. Our results show marrow reconversion at the knee is most prevalent in heavy smokers, younger patients, and especially obese women who smoke heavily. In these patients, marrow reconversion can be a normal finding on MR imaging. In other patients, other causes should be considered.
Poulton T B; Murphy W D; Duerk J L; Chapek C C; Feiglin D H
American Journal of Roentgenology
1993
1993-12
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.161.6.8249729" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.2214/ajr.161.6.8249729</a>
Quantitation of abnormal 67Ga uptake in pulmonary interstitial vascular disease–a new test to detect diffuse lung disease.
*Gallium Radioisotopes; *Tomography; Emission-Computed; Female; Humans; Lung/diagnostic imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Fibrosis/*diagnostic imaging/etiology; Radiography; Single-Photon
Gallium 67 has been used as a modality to diagnose and follow the clinical course of diseases such as tumors, infections, inflammatory disorders, and interstitial lung disease. It has been appreciated, however, that mild to moderate changes in scan activity, when these disorders are followed over time, are less than optimal. SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) scanning is a new technique designed to obviate this problem. SPECT scanning utilizes computer acquisition to provide three-dimensional scanning and the additional benefit of colorization to aid in discerning differences of uptake. SPECT scanning was performed on 22 patients with interstitial lung disease of various etiologies. Additionally, 7 patients had follow-up SPECT scanning to determine their response to treatment. Two patients are presented as examples.
Demeter S L; Cordasco E M; MacIntyre W; O'Donnell J; Golish J A; Feiglin D H; Saha G B; Stepanitis J
Angiology
1990
1990-12
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/000331979004101201" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/000331979004101201</a>