1
40
8
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.062588" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.062588</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
480-496
Issue
3
Volume
215
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Kinematics of quadrupedal locomotion in sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps): effects of age and substrate size
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Experimental Biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012
2012-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
arboreal locomotion; Arboreality; baboons papio-cynocephalus; cebus-apella; diagonal-sequence walking; Gait; Kinematics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; life-history; limb mass-distribution; Marsupials; monkeys; monkeys saimiri-boliviensis; ontogeny; postnatal-development; Quadrupedalism; symmetrical gaits; vervet
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Shapiro L J; Young J W
Description
An account of the resource
Arboreal mammals face unique challenges to locomotor stability. This is particularly true with respect to juveniles, who must navigate substrates similar to those traversed by adults, despite a reduced body size and neuromuscular immaturity. Kinematic differences exhibited by juveniles and adults on a given arboreal substrate could therefore be due to differences in body size relative to substrate size, to differences in neuromuscular development, or to both. We tested the effects of relative body size and age on quadrupedal kinematics in a small arboreal marsupial (the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps; body mass range of our sample 33-97 g). Juvenile and adult P. breviceps were filmed moving across a flat board and three poles 2.5, 1.0 and 0.5 cm in diameter. Sugar gliders (regardless of age or relative speed) responded to relative decreases in substrate diameter with kinematic adjustments that promote stability; they increased duty factor, increased the average number of supporting limbs during a stride, increased relative stride length and decreased relative stride frequency. Limb phase increased when moving from the flat board to the poles, but not among poles. Compared with adults, juveniles (regardless of relative body size or speed) used lower limb phases, more pronounced limb flexion, and enhanced stability with higher duty factors and a higher average number of supporting limbs during a stride. We conclude that although substrate variation in an arboreal environment presents similar challenges to all individuals, regardless of age or absolute body size, neuromuscular immaturity confers unique problems to growing animals, requiring kinematic compensation.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.062588" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1242/jeb.062588</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2012
arboreal locomotion
Arboreality
baboons papio-cynocephalus
cebus-apella
diagonal-sequence walking
Gait
Journal Article
Journal of Experimental Biology
Kinematics
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
life-history
limb mass-distribution
Marsupials
monkeys
monkeys saimiri-boliviensis
ontogeny
postnatal-development
quadrupedalism
Shapiro L J
symmetrical gaits
vervet
Young J W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.12.002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.12.002</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
309-319
Issue
4
Volume
58
Search for Full-text
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Is primate-like quadrupedalism necessary for fine-branch locomotion? A test using sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Human Evolution
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010
2010-04
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anthropology; arboreal locomotion; Arboreality; banksia-spinulosa; bonobos pan-paniscus; cheirogaleus-medius; compliant; diagonal-sequence walking; Evolutionary Biology; Gait; Kinematics; Marsupials; monkeys saimiri-boliviensis; opossum monodelphis-domestica; papio-cynocephalus; primates; Quadrupedalism; symmetrical gaits; walking
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Shapiro L J; Young J W
Description
An account of the resource
Locomotor features shared by arboreal marsupials and primates are frequently cited as a functional complex that evolved in the context of a "fine branch niche." Adaptation to a fine branch niche cannot be understood without considering that small and large arboreal mammals may differ in their biomechanical response to a given branch size. We tested the effects of substrate diameter and orientation on quadrupedal kinematics in a small arboreal marsupial (the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps). P. breviceps individuals were filmed moving across a flat horizontal surface and on horizontal, inclining and declining poles of diameter 2.5, 1.0, and 0.5 cm. Gait frequencies, limb phases, speeds and duty factors were compared across substrate conditions. P breviceps had a clear preference for lateral sequence/diagonal couplets gaits, regardless of substrate type, diameter or orientation. Limb phase was significantly influenced by substrate type (higher limb phases on poles vs. the flat surface) and by orientation (higher limb phases on inclined vs. horizontal poles), but was not influenced by pole diameter. Speed was lowest on declines, and duty factors (at a given speed) were highest on the flat board, smallest pole, and on declines. P. breviceps exhibited some parallels, but also some departures from the characteristic patterns of other arboreal marsupials and primates. Notably, limb phase values, on average, remained lower in P. breviceps than those recorded for primates or other arboreal marsupials. We suggest that arboreal mammals of different body sizes may use dissimilar, but apparently equally successful strategies for navigating a "fine branch niche." (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.12.002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.12.002</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2010
Anthropology
arboreal locomotion
Arboreality
banksia-spinulosa
bonobos pan-paniscus
cheirogaleus-medius
compliant
diagonal-sequence walking
Evolutionary Biology
Gait
Journal Article
Journal of human evolution
Kinematics
Marsupials
monkeys saimiri-boliviensis
opossum monodelphis-domestica
papio-cynocephalus
Primates
quadrupedalism
Shapiro L J
symmetrical gaits
Walking
Young J W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.144.2_MeetingAbstract.755" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.144.2_MeetingAbstract.755</a>
Pages
1-1
Volume
144
Search for Full-text
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NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
NEOMED Student Publications
Dublin Core
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Title
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The Orthopaedic Manifestations of Pseudoachondroplasia
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Pediatrics; Evanston
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
Achondroplasia; Apoptosis; Arthritis; Biomechanics; Bone (axial); Bone dysplasia; Bones; Cartilage; Cartilage (articular); Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; Chondrocytes; Chromosome 19; Chromosomes; Dwarfism; Dysplasia; Elbow; Elbow (anatomy); Epiphysis; Extremities; Feet; Gait; Hand (anatomy); Hip; Intelligence; Joint diseases; Knee (anatomy); Kyphosis; Medical Sciences--Pediatrics; Mutation; Orthopedics; Plates (structural members); Proteins; Radiographs; Radiography; Skeleton; Thorax; Vertebra; Vertebrae
October 2019 Update
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Guirguis James; Weiner Dennis S
Description
An account of the resource
In 1959, Maroteaux and Lamy initially designated pseudoachondroplasia as a distinct dysplasia different from achondroplasia, which is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia associated with dwarfism. Pseudoachondroplasia is the second-most common form of skeletal dysplasia. Pseudoachondroplasia is caused by a mutation in the COMP gene on chromosome 19p13.1-p12 encoding the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. The mutation causes an accumulation of mutated COMP protein within the rough endoplastic reticulum of chondrocytes leading to premature chondrocyte apoptosis. This cascade of molecular events eventually results in rendering the articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage incapable of withstanding routine biomechanical loads with resultant deformity of the joints, particularly in the lower extremities. A unique opportunity to review charts and radiographs of 141 patients with pseudoachondroplasia allowed the author to assemble the typical findings in pseudoachondroplasia. This cohort, to our knowledge, represents the largest group of patients describing the typical orthopaedic manifestations of pseudoachondroplasia. The intensive review of this cohort yielded the following clinical and radiographic information: Patients with pseudoachondroplasia have a normal craniofacial appearance and are of normal intelligence. Short stature is not present at birth and generally appears by 2 to 4 years of age. The condition is a form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and the long bones are characterized by dysplastic changes in the epiphysis, metaphysis, and vertebral bodies. The hands have short, stubby fingers, short metacarpals, lax wrists, diminished extension of the elbow, and limitation of shoulder motion. Occasionally odontoid dysplasia is seen with kyphosis, scoliosis, and lumbar lordosis, commonly. The gait is characterized by "waddling". The knees show either genu valgum, genu varum, or "windswept" deformity and the feet and ankles are in pronovalgus position with short, wide feet. Radiographically the long bones have altered appearance and structure of the epiphyses with small irregularly formed or fragmented epiphyses or flattening. The metaphyseal regions of the long bones show flaring, widening, or "trumpeting". The cervical vertebrae show platyspondyly. The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae show either platyspondyly, ovoid, "cod-fish" deformity, or anterior "beaking". Most commonly these distortions of the long bones and the axial skeleton, lead to premature arthritis particularly of the hips and often the knees not uncommonly in the 20- to 30-year-old age group. Vertebral "beaking" (Image 1) Epimetaphyseal dysplasia (Image 2)
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.144.2_MeetingAbstract.755" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1542/peds.144.2_MeetingAbstract.755</a>
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Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2019
Achondroplasia
Apoptosis
Arthritis
biomechanics
Bone (axial)
Bone dysplasia
Bones
Cartilage
Cartilage (articular)
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
Chondrocytes
Chromosome 19
Chromosomes
Dwarfism
Dysplasia
Elbow
Elbow (anatomy)
Epiphysis
Evanston
Extremities
Feet
Gait
Guirguis James
Hand (anatomy)
Hip
Intelligence
Joint diseases
Knee (anatomy)
Kyphosis
Medical Sciences--Pediatrics
Mutation
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
October 2019 Update
Orthopedics
Pediatrics
Plates (structural members)
Proteins
Radiographs
Radiography
Skeleton
Thorax
Vertebra
Vertebrae
Weiner Dennis S
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1175" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1175</a>
Pages
e1175–e1175
Volume
3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A novel biomechanical analysis of gait changes in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
PeerJ
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015
1905-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
Locomotion; MPTP; Behavior; Gait; Gender-bias
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Geldenhuys Werner J; Guseman Tamara L; Pienaar Ilse S; Dluzen Dean E; Young Jesse W
Description
An account of the resource
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder hallmarked by a loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Accurate recapitulation of the PD movement phenotype in animal models of the disease is critical for understanding disease etiology and developing novel therapeutic treatments. However, most existing behavioral assays currently applied to such animal models fail to adequately detect and subsequently quantify the subtle changes associated with the progressive stages of PD. In this study, we used a video-based analysis system to develop and validate a novel protocol for tracking locomotor performance in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. We anticipated that (1) treated mice should use slower, shorter, and less frequent strides and (2) that gait deficits should monotonically increase following MPTP administration, as the effects of neurodegeneration become manifest. Video-based biomechanical analyses, utilizing behavioral measures motivated by the comparative biomechanics literature, were used to quantify gait dynamics over a seven-day period following MPTP treatment. Analyses revealed shuffling behaviors consistent with the gait symptoms of advanced PD in humans. Here we also document dramatic gender-based differences in locomotor performance during the progression of the MPTP-induced lesion, despite male and female mice showing similar losses of striatal dopaminergic cells following MPTP administration. Whereas female mice appeared to be protected against gait deficits, males showed multiple changes in gait kinematics, consistent with the loss of locomotor agility and stability. Overall, these data show that the novel video analysis protocol presented here is a robust method capable of detecting subtle changes in gait biomechanics in a mouse model of PD. Our findings indicate that this method is a useful means by which to easily and economically screen preclinical therapeutic compounds for protecting against or reversing neuropathology associated with PD neurodegeneration.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1175" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.7717/peerj.1175</a>
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Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2015
Behavior
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dluzen Dean E
Gait
Geldenhuys Werner J
Gender-bias
Guseman Tamara L
Locomotion
MPTP
NEOMED College of Medicine
PeerJ
Pienaar Ilse S
Young Jesse W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2242" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2242</a>
Pages
103–119
Issue
2
Volume
331
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Locomotor kinematics of tree squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in free-ranging and laboratory environments: Implications for primate locomotion and evolution.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
arboreal quadrupedalism; gait; orientation angle; substrate diameter
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dunham Noah T; McNamara Allison; Shapiro Liza; Phelps Taylor; Wolfe Adrienne N; Young Jesse W
Description
An account of the resource
The grasping capabilities and gait kinematics characteristic of primates are often argued to be adaptations for safely moving on small terminal branches. The goal of this study was to identify whether Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)-arboreal rodents that frequently move and forage on small branches, lack primate-like grasping and gait patterns, and arguably represent extant analogs of a stem primate ancestor-adjust gait kinematics to narrow and nonhorizontal branches. We studied locomotor kinematics of free-ranging and laboratory-housed squirrels moving over various substrates. We used high-speed video to film (a) a population of free-ranging squirrels moving on natural substrates and (b) laboratory-housed squirrels moving on horizontal poles. Substrates were coded as small, medium, or large relative to squirrel trunk diameter, and as inclined, declined, or horizontal. Free-ranging squirrels used more gallops and half-bounds on small- and medium-sized substrates, and more high-impact bounds, with reduced limb-lead durations, on declined substrates. Laboratory squirrels moved at higher speeds than free-ranging squirrels and responded to decreasing diameter by using more gallops and half-bounds, lowering speed, and-controlling for speed-increasing mean duty factor, mean number of supporting limbs, and relative forelimb lead duration. Our inability to detect substantial diameter or orientation-related gait adjustments in the wild may be due to a limited accounting of confounding influences (e.g., substrate compliance). Ultimately, studies assessing stability measures (e.g., center of mass fluctuations and peak vertical force) are required to assess whether primates' enhanced grasping and gait patterns engender performance advantages on narrow or oblique substrates.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2242" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jez.2242</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2019
arboreal quadrupedalism
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dunham Noah T
Ecological and integrative physiology
Gait
Journal of experimental zoology. Part A
Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology
McNamara Allison
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Postdoc
orientation angle
Phelps Taylor
Shapiro Liza
substrate diameter
Wolfe Adrienne N
Young Jesse W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1948" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1948</a>
Pages
556–566
Issue
8
Volume
323
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tail function during arboreal quadrupedalism in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) and tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015
2015-10
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Extremities/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Gait; Motor Activity/*physiology; Postural Balance; Saguinus/*physiology; Saimiri/*physiology; Tail/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Young Jesse W; Russo Gabrielle A; Fellmann Connie D; Thatikunta Meena A; Chadwell Brad A
Description
An account of the resource
The need to maintain stability on narrow branches is often presented as a major selective force shaping primate morphology, with adaptations to facilitate grasping receiving particular attention. The functional importance of a long and mobile tail for maintaining arboreal stability has been comparatively understudied. Tails can facilitate arboreal balance by acting as either static counterbalances or dynamic inertial appendages able to modulate whole-body angular momentum. We investigate associations between tail use and inferred grasping ability in two closely related cebid platyrrhines-cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and black-capped squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis). Using high-speed videography of captive monkeys moving on 3.2 cm diameter poles, we specifically test the hypothesis that squirrel monkeys (characterized by grasping extremities with long digits) will be less dependent on the tail for balance than tamarins (characterized by claw-like nails, short digits, and a reduced hallux). Tamarins have relatively longer tails than squirrel monkeys, move their tails through greater angular amplitudes, at higher angular velocities, and with greater angular accelerations, suggesting dynamic use of tail to regulate whole-body angular momentum. By contrast, squirrel monkeys generally hold their tails in a comparatively stationary posture and at more depressed angles, suggesting a static counterbalancing mechanism. This study, the first empirical test of functional tradeoffs between grasping ability and tail use in arboreal primates, suggests a critical role for the tail in maintaining stability during arboreal quadrupedalism. Our findings have the potential to inform our functional understanding of tail loss during primate evolution.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1948" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jez.1948</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2015
Animals
Chadwell Brad A
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Extremities/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Fellmann Connie D
Gait
Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology
Motor Activity/*physiology
NEOMED College of Medicine
Postural Balance
Russo Gabrielle A
Saguinus/*physiology
Saimiri/*physiology
Tail/*physiology
Thatikunta Meena A
Young Jesse W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23686" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23686</a>
Pages
569–584
Issue
3
Volume
167
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A user's guide for the quantitative analysis of substrate characteristics and locomotor kinematics in free-ranging primates.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
branch diameter; compliance; gait; orientation; quadrupedalism
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dunham Noah T; McNamara Allison; Shapiro Liza; Hieronymus Tobin; Young Jesse W
Description
An account of the resource
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free-ranging primates. We present techniques for collecting kinematic data on wild primates using consumer grade high-speed cameras and demonstrate novel methods for quantifying metric variation in arboreal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These methods were developed and applied to our research examining platyrrhine substrate use and locomotion at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador. Modified GoPro cameras equipped with varifocal zoom lenses provided high-resolution footage (1080 p.; 120 fps) suitable for digitizing gait events. We tested two methods for remotely measuring branch diameter: the parallel laser method and the distance meter photogrammetric method. A forestry-grade laser rangefinder was used to quantify substrate angle and a force gauge was used to measure substrate compliance. We also introduce GaitKeeper, a graphical user interface for MATLAB, designed for coding quadrupedal gait. RESULTS: Parallel laser and distance meter methods provided accurate estimations of substrate diameter (percent error: 3.1-4.5%). The laser rangefinder yielded accurate estimations of substrate orientation (mean error = 2.5 degrees ). Compliance values varied tremendously among substrates but were largely explained by substrate diameter, substrate length, and distance of measurement point from trunk. On average, larger primates used relatively small substrates and traveled higher in the canopy. DISCUSSION: Ultimately, these methods will help researchers identify more precisely how primate gait kinematics respond to the complexity of arboreal habitats, furthering our understanding of the adaptive context in which primate quadrupedalism evolved.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23686" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.23686</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
American journal of physical anthropology
branch diameter
Compliance
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dunham Noah T
Gait
Hieronymus Tobin
McNamara Allison
NEOMED College of Medicine
Orientation
quadrupedalism
Shapiro Liza
Young Jesse W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2%3C185::AID-AJPA6%3E3.0.CO;2-U" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2%3C185::AID-AJPA6%3E3.0.CO;2-U</a>
Pages
185–197
Issue
2
Volume
105
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The relation between hand morphology and quadrupedalism in primates.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1998
1998-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Walking; Animals; Gait; Hand Strength; Hand/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging; Primates/*anatomy & histology/classification; Radiography; Species Specificity; Ulna/anatomy & histology; Videotape Recording
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lemelin P; Schmitt D
Description
An account of the resource
Primate hands can be classified into two broad categories on the basis of ray proportions and other features. Ectaxonic hands are characterized by a longer fourth ray and are found in most strepsirhines. Most haplorhines possess mesaxonic hands which are characterized by a longer third ray. Preuschoft et al. ([1993] in H. Preuschoft and D.J. Chivers (eds.): Hands of Primates. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 21-30) proposed a biomechanical model which predicts that, during quadrupedalism, a mesaxonic hand should be held in a more neutral position with respect to the forearm, whereas an ectaxonic hand should be more ulnarly deviated. The relation between hand positioning and the mesaxony/ectaxony categorization is investigated for 27 primate taxa. Videotapes were recorded for each species walking quadrupedally on arboreal supports. Several species were also videotaped during ground quadrupedalism. The degree of deviation of the hand relative to the substrate and the grips utilized were quantified for 18 species from the videotapes. Primates with mesaxonic hands use deviated hand positions and grips, especially when walking quadrupedally on small poles. Several species with ectaxonic hands use neutral hand positions and grips when walking quadrupedally on similar supports. Also, several primates, with either ectaxonic or mesaxonic hands, display a combination of deviated hand positions and grips when on arboreal substrates and neutral hand positioning when on the ground. The statistical results indicate that hand positioning during quadrupedal walking is more variable than expected based on the mesaxony/ectaxony classification. Furthermore, radiographic data suggest that primates evolved at least two different mechanisms of hand ulnar deviation.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2%3C185::AID-AJPA6%3E3.0.CO;2-U" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2%3C185::AID-AJPA6%3E3.0.CO;2-U</a>
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*Walking
1998
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Gait
Hand Strength
Hand/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging
Lemelin P
Primates/*anatomy & histology/classification
Radiography
Schmitt D
Species Specificity
Ulna/anatomy & histology
Videotape Recording