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40
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24682" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24682</a>
ISSN
1932-8494 1932-8486
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June 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Olfactory epithelium and ontogeny of the nasal chambers in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus).
Publisher
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Anatomical Record
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-06-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
cetaceans; ethmoturbinal; nasal cavity; olfactory neuroepithelium; olfactory receptor neuron
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Farnkopf IC; George JC; Kishida T; Hillmann DJ; Suydam RS; Thewissen J G M
Description
An account of the resource
In a species of baleen whale, we identify olfactory epithelium that suggests a functional sense of smell and document the ontogeny of the surrounding olfactory anatomy. Whales must surface to breathe, thereby providing an opportunity to detect airborne odorants. Although many toothed whales (odontocetes) lack olfactory anatomy, baleen whales (mysticetes) have retained theirs. Here, we investigate fetal and postnatal specimens of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus). Computed tomography (CT) reveals the presence of nasal passages and nasal chambers with simple ethmoturbinates through ontogeny. Additionally, we describe the dorsal nasal meatuses and olfactory bulb chambers. The cribriform plate has foramina that communicate with the nasal chambers. We show this anatomy within the context of the whole prenatal and postnatal skull. We document the tunnel for the ethmoidal nerve (ethmoid foramen) and the rostrolateral recess of the nasal chamber, which appears postnatally. Bilateral symmetry was apparent in the postnatal nasal chambers. No such symmetry was found prenatally, possibly due to tissue deformation. No nasal air sacs were found in fetal development. Olfactory epithelium, identified histologically, covers at least part of the ethmoturbinates. We identify olfactory epithelium using six explicit criteria of mammalian olfactory epithelium. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of olfactory marker protein (OMP), which is only found in mature olfactory sensory neurons. Although it seems that these neurons are scarce in bowhead whales compared to typical terrestrial mammals, our results suggest that bowhead whales have a functional sense of smell, which they may use to find prey.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24682" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.24682</a>
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journalArticle
2021
Anatomical Record
cetaceans
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
ethmoturbinal
Farnkopf IC
George JC
Hillmann DJ
journalArticle
June 2021 List
Kishida T
nasal cavity
NEOMED College of Medicine
olfactory neuroepithelium
olfactory receptor neuron
Suydam RS
Thewissen J G M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00039-X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00039-X</a>
Pages
621-626
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January 2021 List
NEOMED College
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Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Chapter 39 - Past, present, and future
Publisher
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The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
history; life history; Bowhead whale; bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; conservation; whaling; International Whaling Commission; Inupiat; prehistoric
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen JGM; George JC
Description
An account of the resource
We discuss the evolution, phylogenetic relations to right whales, and geographical distribution of bowhead whales. We summarize its relations to humans, including whaling by indigenous and European whalers, conservation efforts, and modern challenges with increased shipping, fishing, and climate change. We also discuss their adaptations that have usually been explained as related to living in the Arctic but might be better explained as related to frugal use of limited resources.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00039-X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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journalArticle
2021
Balaena mysticetus
bowhead whale
conservation
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George JC
History
International Whaling Commission
Inupiat
January 2021 List
journalArticle
life history
NEOMED College of Medicine
prehistoric
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
whaling
-
Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00034-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00034-0</a>
Pages
549-564
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January 2021 List
NEOMED College
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Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Chapter 34 - Indigenous knowledge in research and management
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The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
bowhead whale; Indigenous knowledge; scientific research; wildlife management
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Huntington HP; Ferguson SH; George JC; Noongwook G; Quakenbush L; Thewissen JGM
Description
An account of the resource
Indigenous whalers know a great deal about the habits and environment of bowhead whales. That knowledge is essential for safe and effective hunting and has also been invaluable to scientific research and management of bowheads. Studies in Chukotka, Nunavut, and Alaska have documented Indigenous knowledge about bowhead whales. From the methods used in counting whales to the confirmation of bowheads’ sense of smell to detailed accounts of how the animals avoid predators, collaborations between whalers and scientists are among the world’s best examples of using Indigenous and scientific knowledge together. Future progress includes a growing role for Indigenous scholarship and greater involvement of the holders of Indigenous knowledge in management and decision-making concerning whales and their habitat.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00034-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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journalArticle
2021
bowhead whale
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Ferguson SH
George JC
Huntington HP
Indigenous knowledge
January 2021 List
journalArticle
NEOMED College of Medicine
Noongwook G
Quakenbush L
scientific research
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
wildlife management
-
Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00033-9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00033-9</a>
Pages
537-547
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January 2021 List
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NEOMED College of Medicine
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Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Chapter 33 - Commercial whaling
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The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
United States; Bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; Germany; Basques; Britain; the Netherlands; whaling; Yankee
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen JGM; George JC
Description
An account of the resource
The commercial hunt of the four stocks of bowhead whales by the nations of Europe and North America commenced in 1540 and came to an effective end at the start of World War I. At that time, all four stocks had been driven to near extinction. Whalers from many nations were involved, but the most important ones were those from Basque Country, the Netherlands, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. The Spitsbergen stock was the first to be depleted, followed by the West Greenland–East Canada stock (including whaling efforts in Hudson Bay and Strait of Belle Isle) and, finally, the Okhotsk and Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort stocks. Competition with other products (e.g., gaslight and petroleum), political factors (e.g., US Civil War), and changes in demands (e.g., women’s fashion) caused a waxing and waning of the whaling industry, but the decrease in yield eventually stopped the hunt. Native peoples across the circumpolar Arctic suffered greatly even though commercial whalers sometimes had good relations with native people they encountered. Despite any possible good intentions, the end result was, on balance, negative and led to major changes in the indigenous cultures it affected.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00033-9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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journalArticle
2021
Balaena mysticetus
Basques
bowhead whale
Britain
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George JC
Germany
January 2021 List
journalArticle
NEOMED College of Medicine
The Bowhead Whale
The Netherlands
Thewissen JGM
United States
whaling
Yankee
-
Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00021-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00021-2</a>
Pages
309-322
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January 2021 List
NEOMED College
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Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Chapter 21 - Age estimation
Publisher
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The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
bowhead; stable isotopes; tympanic bulla; Age estimation; aspartic acid racemization; ovarian corpora counts; whaling artifacts
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George JC; Lubetkin SC; Zeh JE; Thewissen JGM; Wetzel D; Givens GH
Description
An account of the resource
In the late 1980s, annual carbon isotope cycles in the baleen plates of bowhead whales formed the basis of the first effective means of estimating bowhead age. However, the baleen aging method could only be used for aging subadult whales less than about 20 years old, due to wearing of the plates. Since then, seven additional methods of estimating the age of bowheads have been developed. Each age estimation method has strengths and weaknesses depending on the life stage of the whale. No single method is fully applicable through the entire 200-year lifespan of a bowhead, although a combination of techniques can be quite effective and precise.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00021-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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journalArticle
2021
Age estimation
aspartic acid racemization
bowhead
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George JC
Givens GH
January 2021 List
journalArticle
Lubetkin SC
NEOMED College of Medicine
ovarian corpora counts
Stable isotopes
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
tympanic bulla
Wetzel D
whaling artifacts
Zeh JE
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00018-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00018-2</a>
Pages
273-284
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January 2021 List
NEOMED College
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Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Chapter 18 - Sensory systems
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The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Bowhead whale; balance; olfaction; Balaena mysticetus; vision; audition; gustation; magnetosense; mechanosense
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen JGM; George JC; Suydam RS; Sformo TL
Description
An account of the resource
The sensory biology of bowhead whales reflects features both related to their origin from land mammals and adaptations to their current environment, polar seas. There is anatomical and genomic evidence that bowheads have a sense of smell. Their sense of taste may be limited to detecting salty flavorants and there is no vomeronasal organ. They lack binocular vision and color vision, and it is likely that they can perceive the magnetic field. Similar to other mysticetes, their organ of hearing is adjusted to low frequencies. Their organ of balance is much smaller than could be expected when compared to land mammals, and the functional reason for this is unclear. Sensory hairs on the face may detect water current, and, when exposed to air, wind direction.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00018-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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journalArticle
2021
audition
Balaena mysticetus
Balance
bowhead whale
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George JC
gustation
January 2021 List
journalArticle
magnetosense
mechanosense
NEOMED College of Medicine
olfaction
Sformo TL
Suydam RS
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
Vision
-
Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00013-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00013-3</a>
Pages
185-211
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January 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
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Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Chapter 13 - Female and male reproduction
Publisher
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The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
cetacean; pregnancy; Bowhead whale; testis; reproduction; Balaena mysticetus; uterus; vagina; ovary; penis; gestation; calving interval; conception; epididymis; mysticete; ovulation; sexual maturity; spermatozoa; uterine tube
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Tarpley RJ; Hillmann DJ; George JC; Thewissen JGM
Description
An account of the resource
An understanding of the functional morphology of the bowhead whale continues to have significance for population management. This chapter first examines the anatomical features of the bowhead whale reproductive system, with an emphasis on the female. This is followed by a consideration of the functional parameters of the female reproductive cycle, testicular function in the male, and the age at sexual maturity in both sexes.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00013-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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journalArticle
2021
Balaena mysticetus
bowhead whale
calving interval
Cetacean
conception
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
epididymis
George JC
gestation
Hillmann DJ
January 2021 List
journalArticle
mysticete
NEOMED College of Medicine
ovary
ovulation
penis
Pregnancy
Reproduction
sexual maturity
spermatozoa
Tarpley RJ
testis
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
uterine tube
Uterus
vagina
-
Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00010-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00010-8</a>
Pages
137-149
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January 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
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Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Chapter 10 - Postcranial skeleton and musculature
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An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
forelimb; myology; Bowhead whale; muscles; skeleton; Balaena mysticetus; hindlimb;
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen JGM; Hillmann DJ; George JC; Tarpley RJ; Sheffield Gay; Stimmelmayr R; Suydam RS
Description
An account of the resource
The postcranial skeleton of bowhead whales was described in detail more than 100 years ago. The musculature of bowheads has not been studied in detail but matches that of other mysticetes in general features. In this chapter, we focus on some aspects of the skeleton that differs from that of other cetaceans. First, the skeleton of bowheads changes with ontogenetic age. Some of these changes are gross-morphologically, while others are biochemical and histological. Several are related to the life history of the species. Our discussion focuses on the changes in the morphology of the cervical vertebral column, the ontogenetic variation in carpals, and the variation in the hind limb. Individuals with external hind limbs occur infrequently, but there is a great variation in the size of ox coxae, femur, and tibia.
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journalArticle
2021
Balaena mysticetus
bowhead whale
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Forelimb
George JC
Hillmann DJ
hindlimb
January 2021 List
journalArticle
Muscles
myology
NEOMED College of Medicine
Sheffield Gay
Skeleton
Stimmelmayr R
Suydam RS
Tarpley RJ
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00009-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00009-1</a>
Pages
127-136
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Update Year & Number
January 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Chapter 9 - Anatomy of skull and mandible
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
bones; whale; Bowhead whale; skull; mandible; osteology; Balaena mysticetus;
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hillmann DJ; Tarpley RJ; George JC; Nader PB; Thewissen JGM
Description
An account of the resource
The skull of the bowhead whale is composed of all the bones commonly found in mammals, although the shape of these bones is far from ordinary. Features related to feeding dominate the skull: there are no teeth, and the rostrum is long and curved, resembling a bow. The incisive and maxilla form a high arch that forms the origin of the baleen rack, and the mandibles are straight in lateral view, but deeply curved in the horizontal plane to make room for the tongue and baleen. The blowhole is located near the apex of the skull, and the boney portion of the nasal passage opens caudally into the nasopharynx ventral to the braincase. As in other baleen whales, the occipital projects rostrally, covering a portion of the parietals and frontals.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00009-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
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journalArticle
2021
Balaena mysticetus
Bones
bowhead whale
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George JC
Hillmann DJ
January 2021 List
journalArticle
Mandible
Nader PB
NEOMED College of Medicine
osteology
skull
Tarpley RJ
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
whale
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00008-X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00008-X</a>
Pages
117-125
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Update Year & Number
January 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Chapter 8 - Prenatal development
Publisher
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The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Bowhead whale; fetus; Balaena mysticetus; embryo; gestation; heterochrony
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen JGM; Hillmann DJ; George JC; Stimmelmayr R; Tarpley RJ; Sheffield Gay; Suydam RS
Description
An account of the resource
The prenatal development of bowhead whales is poorly known, and no complete ontogenetic series exist. However, the available embryos and fetuses elucidate aspects of the development of the species, as well as that of all of mysticetes in general, and demonstrate the role of heterochrony in development. For instance, hair on the face of bowhead whale embryos develops at the same ontogenetic stage as it does in terrestrial mammals, even though body hair never develops. The absence of teeth characterizes all modern baleen whales, but bowhead whale fetuses initiate teeth around the same time as land mammals, to then resorb them in the fetal period. Baleen forms after that, late in the fetal period.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00008-X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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journalArticle
2021
Balaena mysticetus
bowhead whale
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Embryo
Fetus
George JC
gestation
heterochrony
Hillmann DJ
January 2021 List
journalArticle
NEOMED College of Medicine
Sheffield Gay
Stimmelmayr R
Suydam RS
Tarpley RJ
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00007-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00007-8</a>
Pages
87-115
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Update Year & Number
January 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Chapter 7 - Life history, growth, and form
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Bowhead Whale
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-01-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
life history; Bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; growth and form; longevity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George JC; Thewissen JGM; Von Duyke A; Breed GA; Suydam RS; Sformo TL; Person BT; Brower Jr HK
Description
An account of the resource
Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort Sea bowhead whales are born at about 4.2m in length and 1000kg, in lead systems along the NW Alaskan coast. Bowheads in the other northern stocks are also born in ice-covered seas. Maximum body lengths (standard measure) can reach 19m. Regarding coloration: the skin is gray on neonates and young calves, and black on yearlings and adults. The size and shape of the chin patch is variable and does not change through life. After adulthood age, the specific areas of the skin lose pigment and turn white around the eye, the peduncle, genital groove, and base of the pectoral limb. Growth is rapid from birth to age 1, followed by a 3- to 4-year growth hiatus. Following the hiatus, the increase in body length is slow to sexual maturity at ~25years and ~13.5m in length. The Iñupiat recognize several growth forms associated with age; these include aġvaaq (neonate), ingutuq (yearling), qairaliq (postyearling), along with several names for large adults. Allometry of the head is marked and likely associated with extreme development of the baleen rack. The head is very large in relation to body—perhaps the largest in Mammalia. The blubber is among the thickest of any cetacean (to ~38cm). Body mass is similar to right whales of similar length; large bowheads can reach 100 metric tons or larger. Longevity can reach 200 or more years. The age of physical maturity is unclear, and adults may increase in length through life. Their ability to navigate ice-covered seas and break through ice to breathe is singular among baleen whales.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818969-6.00007-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
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journalArticle
2021
Balaena mysticetus
bowhead whale
Breed GA
Brower Jr HK
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George JC
growth and form
January 2021 List
journalArticle
life history
longevity
NEOMED College of Medicine
Person BT
Sformo TL
Suydam RS
The Bowhead Whale
Thewissen JGM
Von Duyke A
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25101" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25101</a>
ISSN
1096-9861 0021-9967
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Update Year & Number
January 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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A comparative analysis of cone photoreceptor morphology in bowhead and beluga whales.
Publisher
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The Journal of Comparative Neurology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020
2020-12-30
Subject
The topic of the resource
cone photoreceptor; magnetosensation; mysticetes; odontocetes; retina
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith MA; Waugh DA; McBurney DL; George JC; Suydam RS; Thewissen JGM; Crish SD
Description
An account of the resource
The cetacean visual system is a product of selection pressures favoring underwater vision, yet relatively little is known about it across taxa. Previous studies report several mutations in the opsin genetic sequence in cetaceans, suggesting the evolutionary complete or partial loss of retinal cone photoreceptor function in mysticete and odontocete lineages, respectively. Despite this, limited anatomical evidence suggests cone structures are partially maintained but with absent outer and inner segments in the bowhead retina. The functional consequence and anatomical distributions associated with these unique cone morphologies remain unclear. The current study further investigates the morphology and distribution of cone photoreceptors in the bowhead whale and beluga retina and evaluates the potential functional capacity of these cells' alternative to photoreception. Refined histological and advanced microscopic techniques revealed two additional cone morphologies in the bowhead and beluga retina that have not been previously described. Two proteins involved in magnetosensation were present in these cone structures suggesting the possibility for an alternative functional role in responding to changes in geomagnetic fields. These findings highlight a revised understanding of the unique evolution of cone and gross retinal anatomy in cetaceans, and provide prefatory evidence of potential functional reassignment of these cells.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25101" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/cne.25101</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
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journalArticle
2020
cone photoreceptor
Crish SD
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
George JC
January 2021 List
journalArticle
magnetosensation
McBurney DL
mysticetes
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
odontocetes
retina
Smith MA
Suydam RS
The Journal of comparative neurology
Thewissen JGM
Waugh DA
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22990</a>
ISSN
1552-5015 1552-5007
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Update Year & Number
August 2020 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
NEOMED Postdoc Publications
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Linking gene expression and phenotypic changes in the developmental and evolutionary origins of osteosclerosis in the ribs of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus).
Publisher
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Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020
2020-07-29
Subject
The topic of the resource
aging; Cetacea; bone; whales; osteoblasts; hyperostosis
Creator
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Cooper LN; Ball HC; Vinyard CJ; Safadi FF; George JC; Thewissen JGM
Description
An account of the resource
Bowhead whales are among the longest-lived mammals with an extreme lifespan of about 211 years. During the first 25 years of their lives, rib bones increase in mineral density and the medulla transitions from compact to trabecular bone. Molecular drivers associated with these phenotypic changes in bone remain unknown. This study assessed expression levels of osteogenic genes from samples of rib bones of bowheads. Samples were harvested from prenatal to 86-year-old whales, representing the first third of the bowhead lifespan. Fetal to 2-year-old bowheads showed expression levels consistent with the rapid deposition of the bone extracellular matrix. Sexually mature animals showed expression levels associated with low rates of osteogenesis and increased osteoclastogenesis. After the first 25 years of life, declines in osteogenesis corresponded with increased expression of EZH2, an epigenetic regulator of osteogenesis. These findings suggest EZH2 may be at least one epigenetic modifier that contributes to the age-related changes in the rib bone phenotype along with the transition from compact to trabecular bone. Ancient cetaceans and their fossil relatives also display these phenotypes, suggesting EZH2 may have shaped the skeleton of whales in evolutionary history.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jez.b.22990</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
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journalArticle
2020
Aging
August 2020 List
Ball HC
Bone
Cetacea
Cooper LN
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George JC
Hyperostosis
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution
journalArticle
Molecular and Developmental Evolution
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Postdoc
NEOMED Postdoc Publications
Osteoblasts
Safadi FF
Thewissen JGM
Vinyard CJ
WHALES