Differences between black and white patients with cancer of the uterine corpus in interval from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation (United states)
diagnosis; race; Environmental & Occupational Health; Public; disease; survival; women; Oncology; breast-cancer; stage; health behavior; determinants; blacks; delay; health services accessibility; seeking care; States; United; uterine neoplasms
To determine whether Black women with symptoms of uterine corpus cancer had longer times from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation than did White women in the United States, 331 newly diagnosed patients living in Atlanta (GA), New Orleans (LA), and San Francisco/Oakland (CA) during 1985-87 were interviewed to collect information on symptoms, dates of recognition and consultation, and other factors that might affect the interval. Data were analyzed to estimate medical consultation rates and rate ratios following symptom recognition. Median recalled times between symptom recognition and consultation were 16 days for Black women and 14 days for White women. Although poverty, having no usual source of healthcare, and other factors were associated with lower consultation rates, the adjusted rate among Black women was only somewhat lower (0.87) than among White women, and the 95 percent confidence interval (CI = 0.58-1.31) was consistent with no true difference between the races. In addition, the median time to consultation for women with stage IV cancer was only 15 days longer than the time (14 days) for the women with stage I cancer. These results suggest that time from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation does not contribute importantly to the more advanced stage cancer of the uterine corpus commonly found among Black women.
Coates R J; Click L A; Harlan L C; Robboy S; Barrett R J; Eley J W; Reynolds P; Chen V W; Darity W A; Blacklow R S; Edwards B K
Cancer Causes & Control
1996
1996-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00052938" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf00052938</a>
Proximal and distal predictors of AIDS risk behaviors among inner-city African American and European American women
AIDS risk; attitudes; condom use; ethnic differences; health behavior; intervention; knowledge; model; perceptions; Psychology; safer sex; self-efficacy; social norms; stress
AIDS risk behavior and attitudes towards safer sex were studied in a sample of 666 African American and 626 European American women. Condom use, AIDS-related knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy beliefs, attitudes and perceived partner attitudes, and an assertive coping style were analyzed with regard to mean differences and predictive power in both ethnic groups. Compared to European American women, African American women had less knowledge and lower self-efficacy beliefs towards safer sex behavior, but they perceived themselves to be at more risk and reported greater condom use. Further, ethnicity was found to moderate the effects of the psychological predictors on safer sex behavior. This moderator effect was tested using a structural equation modeling design. In both groups, risk perception was the strongest predictor of condom use. Among African American women, social-cognitive barriers (e.g. low self-efficacy beliefs, negative attitude towards condom use) worked as a second predictor and mediator of the effects of risk perception on condom use. In contrast, among European American women, social-cognitive factors had no effect on condom use. In general, prediction of safer sex behavior was stronger among African American women.
Schroder K E E; Hobfoll S E; Jackson A P; Lavin J
Journal of Health Psychology
2001
2001-03
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/135910530100600207" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/135910530100600207</a>
Health promotion and disease prevention in the emergency department.
Emergency Medical Services; Health Behavior; Emergency Service – Administration; Cause of Death – Trends; Emergency Service – Trends; Health Promotion – Methods; Preventive Health Care – Administration
Stiffler KA; Gerson L W
Emergency medicine clinics of North America
2006
2006-11
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2006.06.010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.emc.2006.06.010</a>
Prevalence of health-related behaviors among physicians and medical trainees.
Adult; Female; Male; Aged; Prevalence; Empathy; Health Behavior; Human; Middle Age; Acculturation; Spirituality; 80 and Over; Internship and Residency – Statistics and Numerical Data; Physicians – Statistics and Numerical Data
Objective: The authors studied the prevalence of health-promoting and health-risking behaviors among physicians and physicians- in-training. Given the significant potential for negative outcomes to physicians' own health as well as the health and safety of their patients, examination of the natural history of this acculturation process about physician self-care and wellness is critical to the improvement of the western health care delivery system. Methods: 963 matriculating medical students, residents, or attending physicians completed the Empathy, Spirituality, and Wellness in Medicine (ESWIM) survey between the years 2000 and 2004. Items specific to physician wellness were analyzed. These included healthy behaviors as well as risk behaviors. Results: Both medical students and attending physicians scored higher in overall wellness than did residents. Residents were the lowest scoring group for getting enough sleep, using seatbelts, and exercising. Medical students were more likely to smoke tobacco and drink alcohol. Medical students reported less depression and anxiety and more social contacts. Conclusion: Medical school training may prevent students from maintaining healthy behaviors, so that by the time they are residents they exercise less, sleep less, and spend less time in organizational activities outside of medical school. If physicians do not engage in these healthy behaviors, they are less likely to encourage such behaviors in their patients and patients are less likely to listen to them even if they do talk about it.
Hull SK; DiLalla LF; Dorsey JK
Academic Psychiatry
2008
2008-02-01
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.32.1.31" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1176/appi.ap.32.1.31</a>
Health promotion and disease prevention in the emergency department.
*Emergency Medical Services; Cause of Death/trends; Emergency Service; Health Behavior; Health Promotion/*methods; Hospital/*organization & administration/statistics & numerical data; Humans; Preventive Health Services/*organization & administration
This article provides an overview of health promotion and disease and injury prevention concepts. It provides an emergency medicine perspective and reviews approaches that can be used in the emergency department. It discusses examples of innovative emergency medicine-based preventive activities including prevention in the prehospital setting. This article ends with a discussion of the importance of a system approach to prevention and suggests a role for a preventionist as a new member of the emergency medicine team.
Stiffler Kirk A; Gerson Lowell W
Emergency medicine clinics of North America
2006
2006-11
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2006.06.010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.emc.2006.06.010</a>