Alterations in gene array patterns in dendritic cells from aged humans.
Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Aged; Young Adult; Immunity; Cluster Analysis; Age Factors; Gene Expression Regulation; *Gene Expression Profiling; *Transcriptome; Adaptive Immunity/genetics; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology/metabolism; Dendritic Cells/immunology/*metabolism; G1 Phase; Healthy Volunteers; 80 and over; Innate/genetics
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in initiating and regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs are critical mediators of tolerance and immunity. The functional properties of DCs decline with age. The purpose of this study was to define the age-associated molecular changes in DCs by gene array analysis using Affymatrix GeneChips. The expression levels of a total of 260 genes (1.8%) were significantly different (144 down-regulated and 116 upregulated) in monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) from aged compared to young human donors. Of the 260 differentially expressed genes, 24% were down-regulated by more than 3-fold, suggesting that a large reduction in expression occurred for a notable number of genes in the aged. Our results suggest that the genes involved in immune response to pathogens, cell migration and T cell priming display significant age-related changes. Furthermore, downregulated genes involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA replication may play a critical role in aging-associated genetic instability. These changes in gene expression provide molecular based evidence for age-associated functional abnormalities in human DCs that may be responsible for the defects in adaptive immunity observed in the elderly.
Cao Jia-ning; Agrawal Anshu; Sharman Edward; Jia Zhenyu; Gupta Sudhir
PloS one
2014
1905-7
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106471" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1371/journal.pone.0106471</a>
Skin sterility after application of a vapocoolant spray.
Administration; Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Fluorinated/*administration & dosage; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Local/*administration & dosage; Male; Middle Aged; Pain/*prevention & control; Povidone-Iodine/*administration & dosage; Prospective Studies; Skin/*microbiology; Topical; Young Adult
BACKGROUND: Refrigerant sprays have been widely used to reduce pain in the office setting. However, more recently, their use has been limited by both concern regarding flammability and questions of bacterial contamination. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the microbiological effect of 1,1,1,3,3 pentafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane when sprayed after povidone-iodine application in 50 volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 50 volunteers, 3 cultures were taken (1) at time 0 before antiseptic application, (2) after povidone-iodine topical antiseptic, and (3) after spraying with vapocoolant. Cultures at 3 time intervals were analyzed in a blinded fashion, and Gram stains obtained when cultures were positive. RESULTS: Bacterial growth was found in 98% of cultures taken before antiseptic was applied (Group 1), in 28 cultures (56%) after povidone-iodine was applied, and in 24 cultures (48%) after spraying with vapocoolant. There was a statistically significant difference found between Group 1 (no antiseptic) and both Group 2 (after antiseptic but before vapocoolant) and Group 3 (after vapocoolant) (p \textless .001). CONCLUSION: The topical antiseptic povidone-iodine significantly reduces skin colonization when compared with unprepared skin (p \textless .001). The vapocoolant 1,1,1,3,3 pentafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is sprayed on skin prepared with povidone-iodine; there is no statistically significant increase in bacterial colonization.
Schleicher William F; Richards Bryson G; Huettner Franziska; Ozturk Cemile; Zuccaro Patricia; Zins James E
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]
2014
2014-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/01.DSS.0000452654.29636.56" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/01.DSS.0000452654.29636.56</a>