1
40
4
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nature02720" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1038/nature02720</a>
Pages
776–778
Issue
7001
Volume
430
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Eocene evolution of whale hearing.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Nature
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004
2004-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Biological Evolution; *Fossils; Air; Animals; Ear/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; EVOLUTION (Biology); FOSSILS; HEARING; Hearing/*physiology; MAMMALS; Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology; Phylogeny; SOUND; Water; WHALES; Whales/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nummela Sirpa; Thewissen J G M; Bajpai Sunil; Hussain S Taseer; Kumar Kishor
Description
An account of the resource
The origin of whales (order Cetacea) is one of the best-documented examples of macroevolutionary change in vertebrates. As the earliest whales became obligately marine, all of their organ systems adapted to the new environment. The fossil record indicates that this evolutionary transition took less than 15 million years, and that different organ systems followed different evolutionary trajectories. Here we document the evolutionary changes that took place in the sound transmission mechanism of the outer and middle ear in early whales. Sound transmission mechanisms change early on in whale evolution and pass through a stage (in pakicetids) in which hearing in both air and water is unsophisticated. This intermediate stage is soon abandoned and is replaced (in remingtonocetids and protocetids) by a sound transmission mechanism similar to that in modern toothed whales. The mechanism of these fossil whales lacks sophistication, and still retains some of the key elements that land mammals use to hear airborne sound.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nature02720" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/nature02720</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Biological Evolution
*Fossils
2004
Air
Animals
Bajpai Sunil
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Ear/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
EVOLUTION (Biology)
Fossils
Hearing
Hearing/*physiology
Hussain S Taseer
Kumar Kishor
Mammals
Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology
Nature
NEOMED College of Medicine
Nummela Sirpa
Phylogeny
Sound
Thewissen J G M
Water
WHALES
Whales/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00278-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00278-2</a>
Pages
62–67
Issue
1
Volume
165
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The otolithic organ as a receptor of vestibular hearing revealed by vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in patients with inner ear anomalies.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Hearing research
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
2002-03
Subject
The topic of the resource
Adolescent; Adult; Audiometry; Auditory Threshold; Bone Conduction; Child; Cochlea/abnormalities/diagnostic imaging; Cochlear Diseases/complications/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology; Deafness/etiology; Evoked Potentials; Female; Hearing/*physiology; Humans; Labyrinth/*physiopathology; Male; Neck Muscles/*physiopathology; Otolithic Membrane/*physiopathology; Preschool; Pure-Tone; Reaction Time; Saccule and Utricle/physiopathology; Tomography; Vestibule; X-Ray Computed
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sheykholeslami Kianoush; Kaga Kimitaka
Description
An account of the resource
The human vestibule has preserved an ancestral sound sensitivity and it has been suggested that a reflex could originate from this property underlying cervical muscle micro-contractions secondary to strong acoustic stimulation. Previous studies have established that an early component of loud sound-evoked myogenic potentials from the sternocleidomastoid muscle originate in the vestibule. This is based on findings that the response can still be obtained from patients with complete loss of cochlear and vestibular (semi-circular canal) function. Our data confirm, in a more direct way, a saccular origin of this short-latency acoustic response and verifies that a saccular acoustic response persists in the human ear. The contribution of this response to the perception of loud sounds is discussed. It is concluded that vestibular response to sound might be used to assist in the rehabilitation of deafness.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00278-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00278-2</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2002
Adolescent
Adult
Audiometry
Auditory Threshold
Bone Conduction
Child
Cochlea/abnormalities/diagnostic imaging
Cochlear Diseases/complications/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
Deafness/etiology
Evoked Potentials
Female
Hearing research
Hearing/*physiology
Humans
Kaga Kimitaka
Labyrinth/*physiopathology
Male
Neck Muscles/*physiopathology
Otolithic Membrane/*physiopathology
Preschool
Pure-Tone
Reaction Time
Saccule and Utricle/physiopathology
Sheykholeslami Kianoush
Tomography
Vestibule
X-Ray Computed
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1044" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1044</a>
Pages
126–131
Issue
2
Volume
249
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Rotation of middle ear ossicles during cetacean development.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of morphology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2001
2001-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Rotation; Animals; Body Patterning/*physiology; Dolphins/*embryology/*growth & development/physiology; Ear Ossicles/*embryology/*growth & development/physiology; Hearing/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kinkel M D; Thewissen J G; Oelschlager H A
Description
An account of the resource
Cetacean middle ears are unique among mammals in that they have an elongated tympanic membrane, a greatly reduced manubrium mallei, and an incudal crus longum that is shorter than the crus breve. Elongation of the tympanic membrane and reduction of the manubrium is thought to be related to an evolutionary rotation of the incus and malleus out of the plane of the tympanic membrane. We examined if rotation also occurs during ontogeny by comparing the middle ears of two species of dolphins (Delphinus delphis, Stenella attenuata) at different stages of development. We observed that: the incus has the body and crural proportions as in terrestrial mammals early in development; the incudomallear complex rotates approximately 90 degrees following ossification; the tympanic membrane is not elongated until relatively late in development. Therefore, some of the unique characteristics of the cetacean middle ear develop as modifications of an initially terrestrial-like morphology.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1044" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jmor.1044</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Rotation
2001
Animals
Body Patterning/*physiology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dolphins/*embryology/*growth & development/physiology
Ear Ossicles/*embryology/*growth & development/physiology
Hearing/*physiology
Journal of morphology
Kinkel M D
NEOMED College of Medicine
Oelschlager H A
Thewissen J G
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20528" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20528</a>
Pages
716–733
Issue
6
Volume
290
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Sound transmission in archaic and modern whales: anatomical adaptations for underwater hearing.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2007
2007-06
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Adaptation; *Ear/anatomy & histology/physiology; *Whales/anatomy & histology/physiology; Animals; Biological Evolution; Fossils; Hearing/*physiology; Phonetics; Physiological; Sound; Water
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nummela Sirpa; Thewissen J G M; Bajpai Sunil; Hussain Taseer; Kumar Kishor
Description
An account of the resource
The whale ear, initially designed for hearing in air, became adapted for hearing underwater in less than ten million years of evolution. This study describes the evolution of underwater hearing in cetaceans, focusing on changes in sound transmission mechanisms. Measurements were made on 60 fossils of whole or partial skulls, isolated tympanics, middle ear ossicles, and mandibles from all six archaeocete families. Fossil data were compared with data on two families of modern mysticete whales and nine families of modern odontocete cetaceans, as well as five families of noncetacean mammals. Results show that the outer ear pinna and external auditory meatus were functionally replaced by the mandible and the mandibular fat pad, which posteriorly contacts the tympanic plate, the lateral wall of the bulla. Changes in the ear include thickening of the tympanic bulla medially, isolation of the tympanoperiotic complex by means of air sinuses, functional replacement of the tympanic membrane by a bony plate, and changes in ossicle shapes and orientation. Pakicetids, the earliest archaeocetes, had a land mammal ear for hearing in air, and used bone conduction underwater, aided by the heavy tympanic bulla. Remingtonocetids and protocetids were the first to display a genuine underwater ear where sound reached the inner ear through the mandibular fat pad, the tympanic plate, and the middle ear ossicles. Basilosaurids and dorudontids showed further aquatic adaptations of the ossicular chain and the acoustic isolation of the ear complex from the skull. The land mammal ear and the generalized modern whale ear are evolutionarily stable configurations, two ends of a process where the cetacean mandible might have been a keystone character.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20528" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.20528</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Adaptation
*Ear/anatomy & histology/physiology
*Whales/anatomy & histology/physiology
2007
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Animals
Bajpai Sunil
Biological Evolution
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Fossils
Hearing/*physiology
Hussain Taseer
Kumar Kishor
NEOMED College of Medicine
Nummela Sirpa
Phonetics
Physiological
Sound
Thewissen J G M
Water