1 40 1 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. URL Address <a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21529" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21529</a> Rights Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s). Pages 531-547 Issue 4 Volume 145 Search for Full-text Locate full-text within NEOMED Library's e-journal collections <p>Users with a NEOMED Library login can search for full-text journal articles at the following url: <a href="https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home">https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home</a></p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Functional And Evolutionary Significance Of The Recruitment And Firing Patterns Of The Jaw Adductors During Chewing In Verreaux's Sifaka (propithecus Verreauxi) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available American Journal of Physical Anthropology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 2011-08 Subject The topic of the resource Anthropology; biomechanics; bone-strain; electromyography; Evolutionary Biology; Force; fusion; lemurs lemur-catta; macaca-fascicularis; mandibular symphysis; masseter force; mastication; muscle; primates; strepsirrhines; wishboning Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hylander W L; Vinyard C J; Wall C E; Williams S H; Johnsonl K R Description An account of the resource Jaw-muscle electromyographic (EMG) patterns indicate that compared with thick-tailed galagos and ring-tailed lemurs, anthropoids recruit more relative EMG from their balancing-side deep masseter, and that this muscle peaks late in the power stroke. These recruitment and firing patterns in anthropoids are thought to cause the mandibular symphysis to wishbone (lateral transverse bending), resulting in relatively high symphyseal stresses. We test the hypothesis that living strepsirrhines with robust, partially fused symphyses have muscle recruitment and firing patterns more similar to anthropoids, unlike those strepsirrhines with highly mobile unfused symphyses. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial and deep masseter, anterior and posterior temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles were recorded in four dentally adult Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi). As predicted, we find that sifaka motor patterns are more similar to anthropoids. For example, among sifakas, recruitment levels of the balancing-side (b-s) deep masseter are high, and the b-s deep masseter fires late during the power stroke. As adult sifakas often exhibit nearly complete symphyseal fusion, these data support the hypothesis that the evolution of symphyseal fusion in primates is functionally linked to wishboning. Furthermore, these data provide compelling evidence for the convergent evolution of the wishboning motor patterns in anthropoids and sifakas. Am J Phys Anthropol 145:531-547, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21529" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.21529</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication 2011 American journal of physical anthropology Anthropology biomechanics bone-strain Electromyography Evolutionary Biology force fusion Hylander W L Johnsonl K R Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication lemurs lemur-catta macaca-fascicularis mandibular symphysis masseter force Mastication Muscle Primates strepsirrhines Vinyard C J Wall C E Williams S H wishboning