1
40
12
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Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13381" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13381</a>
Pages
1259-1283
Issue
6
Volume
238
ISSN
218782
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July 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
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Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Title
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Long bone histomorphogenesis of the naked mole‐rat: Histodiversity and intraspecific variation.
Publisher
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Journal Of Anatomy
Date
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2021
2021-06
Subject
The topic of the resource
ONTOGENY; bone microstructure; bone modeling; endosteal bone; Heterocephalus glaber; lamellar bone; long bone growth; BONE growth; BODY temperature; HYPOTHERMIA; lamellar‐zonal bone; MORPHOGENESIS; NAKED mole rat; PERIOSTEUM; POLARIZATION microscopy; STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Montoya‐Sanhueza G; Bennett NC; Oosthuizen MK; Dengler‐Crish CM; Chinsamy A
Description
An account of the resource
Lacking fur, living in eusocial colonies and having the longest lifespan of any rodent, makes naked mole‐rats (NMRs) rather peculiar mammals. Although they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, skeletal plasticity and are considered a novel model to assess the effects of delayed puberty on the skeletal system, scarce information on their morphogenesis exists. Here, we examined a large ontogenetic sample (n = 76) of subordinate individuals to assess the pattern of bone growth and bone microstructure of fore‐ and hindlimb bones by using histomorphological techniques. Over 290 undecalcified thin cross‐sections from the midshaft of the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibia from pups, juveniles and adults were analyzed with polarized light microscopy. Similar to other fossorial mammals, NMRs exhibited a systematic cortical thickening of their long bones, which clearly indicates a conserved functional adaptation to withstand the mechanical strains imposed during digging, regardless of their chisel‐tooth predominance. We describe a high histodiversity of bone matrices and the formation of secondary osteons in NMRs. The bones of pups are extremely thin‐walled and grow by periosteal bone formation coupled with considerable expansion of the medullary cavity, a process probably tightly regulated and adapted to optimize the amount of minerals destined for skeletal development, to thus allow the female breeder to produce a higher number of pups, as well as several litters. Subsequent cortical thickening in juveniles involves high amounts of endosteal bone apposition, which contrasts with the bone modeling of other mammals where a periosteal predominance exists. Adults have bone matrices predominantly consisting of parallel‐fibered bone and lamellar bone, which indicate intermediate to slow rates of osteogenesis, as well as the development of poorly vascularized lamellar‐zonal tissues separated by lines of arrested growth (LAGs) and annuli. These features reflect the low metabolism, low body temperature and slow growth rates reported for this species, as well as indicate a cyclical pattern of osteogenesis. The presence of LAGs in captive individuals was striking and indicates that postnatal osteogenesis and its consequent cortical stratification most likely represents a plesiomorphic thermometabolic strategy among endotherms which has been suggested to be regulated by endogenous rhythms. However, the generalized presence of LAGs in this and other subterranean taxa in the wild, as well as recent investigations on variability of environmental conditions in burrow systems, supports the hypothesis that underground environments experience seasonal fluctuations that may influence the postnatal osteogenesis of animals by limiting the extension of burrow systems during the unfavorable dry seasons and therefore the finding of food resources. Additionally, the intraspecific variation found in the formation of bone tissue matrices and vascularization suggested a high degree of developmental plasticity in NMRs, which may help explaining the polymorphism reported for this species. The results obtained here represent a valuable contribution to understanding the relationship of several aspects involved in the morphogenesis of the skeletal system of a mammal with extraordinary adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13381" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.13381</a>
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journalArticle
2021
Bennett NC
Body Temperature
bone growth
bone microstructure
bone modeling
Chinsamy A
Dengler‐Crish CM
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
endosteal bone
Heterocephalus glaber
hypothermia
Journal of anatomy
journalArticle
July 2021 List
lamellar bone
lamellar‐zonal bone
long bone growth
Montoya‐Sanhueza G
Morphogenesis
NAKED mole rat
NEOMED College of Medicine
ontogeny
Oosthuizen MK
Periosteum
POLARIZATION microscopy
STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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<a href="http://doi.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/</a>
Pages
1
ISSN
218782
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Update Year & Number
April 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
NEOMED Department
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Bone remodeling in the longest living rodent, the naked mole‐rat: Interelement variation and the effects of reproduction.
Publisher
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Journal Of Anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-02-07
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Montoya‐Sanhueza G; Bennett NC; Oosthuizen MK; Dengler-Crish CM; Chinsamy A
Description
An account of the resource
The pattern of bone remodeling of one of the most peculiar mammals in the world, the naked mole‐rat (NMR), was assessed. NMRs are known for their long lifespans among rodents and for having low metabolic rates. We assessed long‐term <italic>in vivo</italic> bone labeling of subordinate individuals, as well as the patterns of bone resorption and bone remodeling in a large sample including reproductive and non‐reproductive individuals (<italic>n</italic> = 70). Over 268 undecalcified thin cross‐sections from the midshaft of humerus, ulna, femur and tibia were analyzed with confocal fluorescence and polarized light microscopy. Fluorochrome analysis revealed low osteogenesis, scarce bone resorption and infrequent formation of secondary osteons (Haversian systems) (i.e., slow bone turnover), thus most likely reflecting the low metabolic rates of this species. Secondary osteons occurred regardless of reproductive status. However, considerable differences in the degree of bone remodeling were found between breeders and non‐breeders. Pre‐reproductive stages (subordinates) exhibited quite stable skeletal homeostasis and bone structure, although the attainment of sexual maturity and beginning of reproductive cycles in female breeders triggered a series of anabolic and catabolic processes that up‐regulate bone turnover, most likely associated with the increased metabolic rates of reproduction. Furthermore, bone remodeling was more frequently found in stylopodial elements compared to zeugopodial elements. Despite the limited bone remodeling observed in NMRs, the variation in the pattern of skeletal homeostasis (interelement variation) reported here represents an important aspect to understand the skeletal dynamics of a small mammal with low metabolic rates. Given the relevance of the remodeling process among mammals, this study also permitted the comparison of such process with the well‐documented histomorphology of extinct therapsids (i.e., mammalian precursors), thus evidencing that bone remodeling and its endocortical compartmentalization represent ancestral features among the lineage that gave rise to mammals. It is concluded that other factors associated with development (and not uniquely related to biomechanical loading) can also have an important role in the development of bone remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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<a href="http://doi.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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journalArticle
2021
April 2021 List
Bennett NC
Chinsamy A
Dengler-Crish CM
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal of anatomy
journalArticle
Montoya‐Sanhueza G
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
Oosthuizen MK
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13404" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13404</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
ISSN
1469-7580 0021-8782
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Update Year & Number
February 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bone remodeling in the longest living rodent, the naked mole-rat: Interelement variation and the effects of reproduction.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-02-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
Bone resorption; Heterocephalus glaber; Female breeder; Haversian systems; Secondary osteons; Secondary reconstruction
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Montoya-Sanhueza G;Bennett NC;Oosthuizen MK;Dengler-Crish CM;Chinsamy A
Description
An account of the resource
The pattern of bone remodeling of one of the most peculiar mammals in the world, the naked mole-rat (NMR), was assessed. NMRs are known for their long lifespans among rodents and for having low metabolic rates. We assessed long-term in vivo bone labeling of subordinate individuals, as well as the patterns of bone resorption and bone remodeling in a large sample including reproductive and non-reproductive individuals (n = 70). Over 268 undecalcified thin cross-sections from the midshaft of humerus, ulna, femur and tibia were analyzed with confocal fluorescence and polarized light microscopy. Fluorochrome analysis revealed low osteogenesis, scarce bone resorption and infrequent formation of secondary osteons (Haversian systems) (i.e., slow bone turnover), thus most likely reflecting the low metabolic rates of this species. Secondary osteons occurred regardless of reproductive status. However, considerable differences in the degree of bone remodeling were found between breeders and non-breeders. Pre-reproductive stages (subordinates) exhibited quite stable skeletal homeostasis and bone structure, although the attainment of sexual maturity and beginning of reproductive cycles in female breeders triggered a series of anabolic and catabolic processes that up-regulate bone turnover, most likely associated with the increased metabolic rates of reproduction. Furthermore, bone remodeling was more frequently found in stylopodial elements compared to zeugopodial elements. Despite the limited bone remodeling observed in NMRs, the variation in the pattern of skeletal homeostasis (interelement variation) reported here represents an important aspect to understand the skeletal dynamics of a small mammal with low metabolic rates. Given the relevance of the remodeling process among mammals, this study also permitted the comparison of such process with the well-documented histomorphology of extinct therapsids (i.e., mammalian precursors), thus evidencing that bone remodeling and its endocortical compartmentalization represent ancestral features among the lineage that gave rise to mammals. It is concluded that other factors associated with development (and not uniquely related to biomechanical loading) can also have an important role in the development of bone remodeling.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13404" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.13404</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
journalArticle
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal Of Anatomy
2021
Bennett NC
Bone resorption
Chinsamy A
Dengler-Crish CM
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
February 2021 List
Female breeder
Haversian systems
Heterocephalus glaber
Journal of anatomy
journalArticle
Montoya-Sanhueza G
NEOMED College of Medicine
Oosthuizen MK
Secondary osteons
Secondary reconstruction
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13381" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13381</a>
ISSN
1469-7580 0021-8782
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Update Year & Number
January 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
NEOMED Department
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Long bone histomorphogenesis of the naked mole-rat: Histodiversity and intraspecific variation.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020
2020-12-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
bone microstructure; bone modeling; endosteal bone; Heterocephalus glaber; lamellar bone; lamellar-zonal bone; long bone growth; lamellar‐ zonal bone
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Montoya-Sanhueza G; Bennett NC; Oosthuizen MK; Dengler-Crish CM; Chinsamy A
Description
An account of the resource
Lacking fur, living in eusocial colonies and having the longest lifespan of any rodent, makes naked mole-rats (NMRs) rather peculiar mammals. Although they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, skeletal plasticity are considered a novel model to assess the effects of delayed puberty on the skeletal system, scarce information on their morphogenesis exists. Here, we examined a large ontogenetic sample (n = 76) of subordinate individuals to assess the pattern of bone growth and bone microstructure of fore- and hindlimb bones by using histomorphological techniques. Over 290 undecalcified thin cross-sections from the midshaft of the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibia from pups, juveniles and adults were analyzed with polarized light microscopy. Similar to other fossorial mammals, NMRs exhibited a systematic cortical thickening of their long bones, which clearly indicates a conserved functional adaptation to withstand the mechanical strains imposed during digging, regardless of their chisel-tooth predominance. We describe a high histodiversity of bone matrices and the formation of secondary osteons in NMRs. The bones of pups are extremely thin-walled and grow by periosteal bone formation coupled with considerable expansion of the medullary cavity, a process probably tightly regulated and adapted to optimize the amount of minerals destined for skeletal development, to thus allow the female breeder to produce a higher number of pups, as well as several litters. Subsequent cortical thickening in juveniles involves high amounts of endosteal bone apposition, which contrasts with the bone modeling of other mammals where a periosteal predominance exists. Adults have bone matrices predominantly consisting of parallel-fibered bone and lamellar bone, which indicate intermediate to slow rates of osteogenesis, as well as the development of poorly vascularized lamellar-zonal tissues separated by lines of arrested growth (LAGs) and annuli. These features reflect the low metabolism, low body temperature and slow growth rates reported for this species, as well as indicate a cyclical pattern of osteogenesis. The presence of LAGs in captive individuals was striking and indicates that postnatal osteogenesis and its consequent cortical stratification most likely represents a plesiomorphic thermometabolic strategy among endotherms which has been suggested to be regulated by endogenous rhythms. However, the generalized presence of LAGs in this and other subterranean taxa in the wild, as well as recent investigations on variability of environmental conditions in burrow systems, supports the hypothesis that underground environments experience seasonal fluctuations that may influence the postnatal osteogenesis of animals by limiting the extension of burrow systems during the unfavorable dry seasons and therefore the finding of food resources. Additionally, the intraspecific variation found in the formation of bone tissue matrices and vascularization suggested a high degree of developmental plasticity in NMRs, which may help explaining the polymorphism reported for this species. The results obtained here represent a valuable contribution to understanding the relationship of several aspects involved in the morphogenesis of the skeletal system of a mammal with extraordinary adaptations.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13381" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.13381</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
journalArticle
2020
Bennett NC
bone microstructure
bone modeling
Chinsamy A
Dengler-Crish CM
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
endosteal bone
Heterocephalus glaber
January 2021 List
Journal of anatomy
journalArticle
lamellar bone
lamellar-zonal bone
lamellar‐
long bone growth
Montoya-Sanhueza G
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
Oosthuizen MK
zonal bone
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01008.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01008.x</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
65-78
Issue
1
Volume
214
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Title
A name given to the resource
Mandibular corpus bone strain in goats and alpacas: Implications for understanding the biomechanics of mandibular form in selenodont artiodactyls
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
adductor muscle force; Anatomy & Morphology; bone strain; functional-significance; jaw; macaca-fascicularis; mandibles; mandibular corpus; mastication; masticatory biomechanics; morphology; movements; stress; symphyseal fusion
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Williams S H; Vinyard C J; Wall C E; Hylander W L
Description
An account of the resource
The goal of this study is to clarify the functional and biomechanical relationship between jaw morphology and in vivo masticatory loading in selenodont artiodactyls. We compare in vivo strains from the mandibular corpus of goats and alpacas to predicted strain patterns derived from biomechanical models for mandibular corpus loading during mastication. Peak shear strains in both species average 600-700 mu epsilon on the working side and approximately 450 mu epsilon on the balancing side. Maximum principal tension in goats and alpacas is directed at approximately 30 degrees dorsocaudally relative to the long axis of the corpus on the working side and approximately perpendicular to the long axis on the balancing side. Strain patterns in both species indicate primarily torsion of the working-side corpus about the long axis and parasagittal bending and/or lateral transverse bending of the balancing-side corpus. Interpretation of the strain patterns is consistent with comparative biomechanical analyses of jaw morphology suggesting that in goats, the balancing-side mandibular corpus is parasagittally bent whereas in alpacas it experiences lateral transverse bending. However, in light of higher working-side corpus strains, biomechanical explanations of mandibular form also need to consider that torsion influences relative corpus size and shape. Furthermore, the complex combination of loads that occur along the selenodont artiodactyl mandibular corpus during the power stroke has two implications. First, added clarification of these loading patterns requires in vivo approaches for elucidating biomechanical links between mandibular corpus morphology and masticatory loading. Second, morphometric approaches may be limited in their ability to accurately infer masticatory loading regimes of selenodont artiodactyl jaws.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01008.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01008.x</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2009
adductor muscle force
Anatomy & Morphology
bone strain
functional-significance
Hylander W L
jaw
Journal Article
Journal of anatomy
macaca-fascicularis
mandibles
mandibular corpus
Mastication
masticatory biomechanics
morphology
movements
Stress
symphyseal fusion
Vinyard C J
Wall C E
Williams S H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19210013.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19210013.x</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
13-23
Volume
192
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Ultrastructural and cytochemical evaluation of sepsis-induced changes in the rat pulmonary intravascular mononuclear phagocytes
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1998
1998-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
acid-phosphatase; Anatomy & Morphology; Blood; cells; coagulation; differentiation; endotoxin; expression; host defence; human macrophage; lung uptake; monocytes; mononuclear phagocyte system; surface-coat
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Singh B; Doane K J; Niehaus G D
Description
An account of the resource
Sepsis stimulates an increase in the number and activity of mononuclear phagocytes in systemic host-defence organs. The present study was conducted to define the ultrastructural and cytochemical characteristics of the mononuclear phagocytes that sequester in the lung microvasculature of septic rats, Fourteen rats were challenged with a single intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.5 ml/100 g), E. coli (2 x 10(7)/100 g) or glucan (4 mg/100 g), and euthanased 2, 4, or 7 d later. The lungs were inflation fixed and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Cellular morphology was used to identify the intravascular mononuclear phagocytes and acid phosphatase (AcPase) expression was monitored as an index of cellular differentiation and activation. Control rats contained a limited number of monocytes in the pulmonary vasculature. In contrast, large numbers of activated mononuclear phagocytes were seen in the microvasculature within 48 h of treatment with either microbial product. The recruited pulmonary intravascular mononuclear phagocytes (PIMP) exhibited AcPase-reactive Golgi complexes, accumulation of secretory vesicles and other features of cell activation consistent with enhanced biosynthetic activity. Subsequent electron microscopy, conducted 4 and 7 d posttreatment, suggested that a progressive decline in the number and activity of PIMPs then occurred. In order to quantify the sepsis-induced accumulation of AcPase-positive PIMP, the experimental challenges were repeated in 11 rats and, 48 h later, tissue samples were evaluated by light microscopy for tartrate-insensitive acid phosphatase. Control rats exhibited 0.148 +/- 0.107 AcPase-positive PIMP/alveoli. E. coli and glucan challenged animals exhibited significant (P < 0.01) increases in AcPase-positive mononuclear phagocytes, with 0.782+/-0.073 and 0.636+/-0.170 PIMP/alveoli respectively, The results demonstrate that focal sepsis stimulates a significant, but transient, recruitment of activated mononuclear phagocytes into the rat pulmonary microvasculature.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19210013.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19210013.x</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
1998
acid-phosphatase
Anatomy & Morphology
Blood
Cells
coagulation
differentiation
Doane K J
endotoxin
expression
host defence
human macrophage
Journal Article
Journal of anatomy
lung uptake
monocytes
mononuclear phagocyte system
Niehaus G D
Singh B
surface-coat
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12991" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12991</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
106-123
Issue
1
Volume
235
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ontogenetic allometry and architectural properties of the paravertebral and hindlimb musculature in Eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus): functional implications for developmental changes in locomotor performance
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
acceleration; force; muscle mass; ontogeny; physiological cross-sectional area; power; scaling
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Butcher M T; Rose J A; Glenn Z D; Tatomirovich N M; Russo G A; Foster A D; Smith G A; Young J W
Description
An account of the resource
Due to small body size, an immature musculoskeletal system, and other growth-related limits on performance, juvenile mammals frequently experience a greater risk of predation than their adult counterparts. As a result, behaviorally precocious juveniles are hypothesized to exhibit musculoskeletal advantages that permit them to accelerate rapidly and evade predation. This hypothesis was tested through detailed quantitative evaluation of muscle growth in wild Eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). Cottontail rabbits experience high rates of mortality during the first year of life, suggesting that selection might act to improve performance in growing juveniles. Therefore, it was predicted that muscle properties associated with force and power capacity should be enhanced in juvenile rabbits to facilitate enhanced locomotor performance. We quantified muscle architecture from 24 paravertebral and hindlimb muscles across ontogeny in a sample of n = 29 rabbits and evaluated the body mass scaling of muscle mass (MM), physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), isometric force (Fmax ), and instantaneous power (Pinst ), along with several dimensionless architectural indices. In contrast to our hypothesis, MM and PCSA for most muscles change with positive allometry during growth by scaling at M b 1.3 and M b 1.1 , respectively, whereas Fmax and Pinst generally scale indistinguishably from isometry, as do the architectural indices tested. However, scaling patterns indicate that the digital flexors and ankle extensors of juvenile S. floridanus have greater capacities for force and power, respectively, than those in adults, suggesting these muscle properties may be a part of several compensatory features that promote enhanced acceleration performance in young rabbits. Overall, our study implies that body size constraints place larger, more mature rabbits at a disadvantage during acceleration, and that adults must develop hypertrophied muscles in order to maintain mechanical similarity in force and power capacities across development. These findings challenge the accepted understanding that juvenile animals are at a performance detriment relative to adults. Instead, for prey-predator interactions necessitating short intervals of high force and power generation relative to body mass, as demonstrated by rapid acceleration of cottontail rabbits fleeing predators, it may be the adults that struggle to keep pace with juveniles.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12991" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.12991</a>
2019
acceleration
Butcher M T
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
force
Foster A D
Glenn Z D
Journal of anatomy
June 2019 Update
Muscle mass
NEOMED College of Medicine
ontogeny
physiological cross-sectional area
Power
Rose J A
Russo G A
scaling
Smith G A
Tatomirovich N M
Young J W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Pages
259–266
Volume
171
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Comment on rat soleus muscle spindles.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1990
1990-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Cats; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure; Myelin Sheath/physiology; Microscopy; Hindlimb/*ultrastructure; Muscle Spindles/*ultrastructure; Rats/*anatomy & histology; Electron
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Walro J M; Kucera J
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1990
Animals
Axons/physiology/ultrastructure
Cats
Electron
Hindlimb/*ultrastructure
Journal of anatomy
Kucera J
Microscopy
Muscle Spindles/*ultrastructure
Myelin Sheath/physiology
Rats/*anatomy & histology
Walro J M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12908" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12908</a>
Pages
201–215
Issue
2
Volume
234
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Structure of the external auditory meatus of the Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) and its relation to their seasonal migration.
Publisher
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Journal of anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
bowhead whale; epithelium; external auditory meatus; seasonality
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rehorek Susan J; Stimmelmayr Rafael; George John C; Suydam Robert; McBurney Denise M; Thewissen J G M
Description
An account of the resource
The external auditory meatus (EAM) in many species of mysticete whales is filled with a waxy ear plug. Though this lamellated structure is often used to age a whale, its formation and development remain undescribed. It is thought that growth layer groups (GLGs) are laid down annually, thereby increasing the size of this structure. Since some mysticete whales are migratory and many undergo molting, we hypothesized that the cyclical production of these GLGs may be related to these processes. The epithelia of both EAM and glove finger (a part of the tympanic membrane protruding into the EAM) of one juvenile and multiple adult bowhead whales from both fall (October: non-molting) and spring (May: molting) seasons were dissected and examined anatomically and histologically. These tissue samples were compared with the adult oral epithelia at the same time periods. These epithelia shared a similar basic broad structure, though there were differences in thickness and presence of intraepithelial structures. All epithelia in the October specimens were rich in both glycogen and lipid. The parakeratinized epithelium of the oral cavity in the juvenile and some May specimens shed via the production of several superficial epithelial fissures. Other adult May specimens exhibited deep epithelial fissures, reminiscent of pressure ulcers, which would cause the detachment of the entire epithelium from the dermis. We propose that sloughed epithelial lining is the source of the GLGs in the ear plug. Correlating a potential molting sequence with these observations explained the presence of epidermal glycogen, deep epidermal fissures and dermal glycolipid, and to some extent calls into question the origin and structure of the ear plug itself. Further morphological characterization of ear plugs in bowheads is needed to better understand cell origin and ear plug formation.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12908" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.12908</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2019
bowhead whale
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Epithelium
external auditory meatus
George John C
Journal of anatomy
McBurney Denise M
NEOMED College of Medicine
Rehorek Susan J
seasonality
Stimmelmayr Rafael
Suydam Robert
Thewissen J G M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12579" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12579</a>
Pages
549–566
Issue
4
Volume
230
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Evolutionary aspects of the development of teeth and baleen in the bowhead whale.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017
2017-04
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Biological Evolution; Animals; baleen; baleen whales; bowhead whale; Bowhead Whale/anatomy & histology/*embryology; Cetacea; Dentition; embryology; Female; FGF; Jaw/anatomy & histology/embryology; keratin; Mixed; Mouth/anatomy & histology/*embryology; mysticetes; ontogeny; Pregnancy; tooth development; Tooth/anatomy & histology/*embryology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen J G M; Hieronymus Tobin L; George John C; Suydam Robert; Stimmelmayr Raphaela; McBurney Denise
Description
An account of the resource
In utero, baleen whales initiate the development of several dozens of teeth in upper and lower jaws. These tooth germs reach the bell stage and are sometimes mineralized, but toward the end of prenatal life they are resorbed and no trace remains after birth. Around the time that the germs disappear, the keratinous baleen plates start to form in the upper jaw, and these form the food-collecting mechanism. Baleen whale ancestors had two generations of teeth and never developed baleen, and the prenatal teeth of modern fetuses are usually interpreted as an evolutionary leftover. We investigated the development of teeth and baleen in bowhead whale fetuses using histological and immunohistochemical evidence. We found that upper and lower dentition initially follow similar developmental pathways. As development proceeds, upper and lower tooth germs diverge developmentally. Lower tooth germs differ along the length of the jaw, reminiscent of a heterodont dentition of cetacean ancestors, and lingual processes of the dental lamina represent initiation of tooth bud formation of replacement teeth. Upper tooth germs remain homodont and there is no evidence of a secondary dentition. After these germs disappear, the oral epithelium thickens to form the baleen plates, and the protein FGF-4 displays a signaling pattern reminiscent of baleen plates. In laboratory mammals, FGF-4 is not involved in the formation of hair or palatal rugae, but it is involved in tooth development. This leads us to propose that the signaling cascade that forms teeth in most mammals has been exapted to be involved in baleen plate ontogeny in mysticetes.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12579" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.12579</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Biological Evolution
2017
Animals
baleen
baleen whales
bowhead whale
Bowhead Whale/anatomy & histology/*embryology
Cetacea
Dentition
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
embryology
Female
FGF
George John C
Hieronymus Tobin L
Jaw/anatomy & histology/embryology
Journal of anatomy
keratin
McBurney Denise
Mixed
Mouth/anatomy & histology/*embryology
mysticetes
NEOMED College of Medicine
ontogeny
Pregnancy
Stimmelmayr Raphaela
Suydam Robert
Thewissen J G M
tooth development
Tooth/anatomy & histology/*embryology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12511" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12511</a>
Pages
631–656
Issue
5
Volume
229
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Flight feather attachment in rock pigeons (Columba livia): covert feathers and smooth muscle coordinate a morphing wing.
Publisher
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Journal of anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
2016-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
*avian; *covert feathers; *flight feathers; *quill knobs; *smooth muscle; *wing shape; Animal/*anatomy & histology; Animal/*physiology; Animals; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology; Columbidae/*anatomy & histology; Feathers/*anatomy & histology; Flight; Muscle; Smooth/*anatomy & histology; Wings; X-Ray Microtomography
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hieronymus Tobin L
Description
An account of the resource
Mechanisms for passively coordinating forelimb movements and flight feather abduction and adduction have been described separately from both in vivo and ex vivo studies. Skeletal coordination has been identified as a way for birds to simplify the neuromotor task of controlling flight stroke, but an understanding of the relationship between skeletal coordination and the coordination of the aerodynamic control surface (the flight feathers) has been slow to materialize. This break between the biomechanical and aerodynamic approaches - between skeletal kinematics and airfoil shape - has hindered the study of dynamic flight behaviors. Here I use dissection and histology to identify previously overlooked interconnections between musculoskeletal elements and flight feathers. Many of these structures are well-placed to directly link elements of the passive musculoskeletal coordination system with flight feather movements. Small bundles of smooth muscle form prominent connections between upper forearm coverts (deck feathers) and the ulna, as well as the majority of interconnections between major flight feathers of the hand. Abundant smooth muscle may play a role in efficient maintenance of folded wing posture, and may also provide an autonomically regulated means of tuning wing shape and aeroelastic behavior in flight. The pattern of muscular and ligamentous linkages of flight feathers to underlying muscle and bone may provide predictable passive guidance for the shape of the airfoil during flight stroke. The structures described here provide an anatomical touchstone for in vivo experimental tests of wing surface coordination in an extensively researched avian model species.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12511" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.12511</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*avian
*covert feathers
*flight feathers
*quill knobs
*smooth muscle
*wing shape
2016
Animal/*anatomy & histology
Animal/*physiology
Animals
Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology
Columbidae/*anatomy & histology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Feathers/*anatomy & histology
Flight
Hieronymus Tobin L
Journal of anatomy
Muscle
NEOMED College of Medicine
Smooth/*anatomy & histology
Wings
X-Ray Microtomography
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12220" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12220</a>
Pages
403–418
Issue
4
Volume
225
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Limb bone morphology, bone strength, and cursoriality in lagomorphs.
Publisher
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Journal of anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2014
2014-10
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Arm Bones/anatomy & histology/physiology; *Lagomorpha/anatomy & histology/physiology; *Leg Bones/anatomy & histology/physiology; *Tensile Strength; Animals; Bone Density/physiology; Mechanical; mechanical advantage; mineralization; Pliability; polar section modulus; robusticity; Running/*physiology; safety factor; Stress; Tomography; X-Ray Computed
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Young Jesse W; Danczak Robert; Russo Gabrielle A; Fellmann Connie D
Description
An account of the resource
The primary aim of this study is to broadly evaluate the relationship between cursoriality (i.e. anatomical and physiological specialization for running) and limb bone morphology in lagomorphs. Relative to most previous studies of cursoriality, our focus on a size-restricted, taxonomically narrow group of mammals permits us to evaluate the degree to which 'cursorial specialization' affects locomotor anatomy independently of broader allometric and phylogenetic trends that might obscure such a relationship. We collected linear morphometrics and muCT data on 737 limb bones covering three lagomorph species that differ in degree of cursoriality: pikas (Ochotona princeps, non-cursorial), jackrabbits (Lepus californicus, highly cursorial), and rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani, level of cursoriality intermediate between pikas and jackrabbits). We evaluated two hypotheses: cursoriality should be associated with (i) lower limb joint mechanical advantage (i.e. high 'displacement advantage', permitting more cursorial species to cycle their limbs more quickly) and (ii) longer, more gracile limb bones, particularly at the distal segments (as a means of decreasing rotational inertia). As predicted, highly cursorial jackrabbits are typically marked by the lowest mechanical advantage and the longest distal segments, non-cursorial pikas display the highest mechanical advantage and the shortest distal segments, and rabbits generally display intermediate values for these variables. Variation in long bone robusticity followed a proximodistal gradient. Whereas proximal limb bone robusticity declined with cursoriality, distal limb bone robusticity generally remained constant across the three species. The association between long, structurally gracile limb bones and decreased maximal bending strength suggests that the more cursorial lagomorphs compromise proximal limb bone integrity to improve locomotor economy. In contrast, the integrity of distal limb bones is maintained with increasing cursoriality, suggesting that the safety factor takes priority over locomotor economy in those regions of the postcranial skeleton that experience higher loading during locomotion. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that cursoriality is associated with a common suite of morphological adaptations across a range of body sizes and radiations.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12220" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.12220</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Arm Bones/anatomy & histology/physiology
*Lagomorpha/anatomy & histology/physiology
*Leg Bones/anatomy & histology/physiology
*Tensile Strength
2014
Animals
Bone Density/physiology
Danczak Robert
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Fellmann Connie D
Journal of anatomy
Mechanical
mechanical advantage
mineralization
NEOMED College of Medicine
Pliability
polar section modulus
robusticity
Running/*physiology
Russo Gabrielle A
safety factor
Stress
Tomography
X-Ray Computed
Young Jesse W