Imperatorin suppresses IL-1beta-induced iNOS expression via inhibiting
Imperatorin; inflammation; iNOS; Osteoarthritis; Oxidative-stress; Plant-derived-polyphenol
Joint inflammation is a key player in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Imperatorin, a plant-derived small molecule has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effect on chondrocytes is not known. Here, we investigated the effects of Imperatorin on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide production in primary human OA chondrocytes and cartilage explants culture under pathological conditions and explored the associated signaling pathways. We pretreated chondrocytes or explants with Imperatorin (50 muM) followed by
Ahmad Nashrah; Ansari Mohammad Y; Bano Shabana; Haqqi Tariq M
International immunopharmacology
2020
2020-05-22
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106612" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106612</a>
Evidence for independent peripheral and central age-related hearing impairment.
age-related hearing impairment; central presbycusis; deficits; frequency; peripheral hearing loss; peripheral hearing loss; sensitivity; temporal processing; temporal-gap detection; thresholds
Deleterious age-related changes in the central auditory nervous system have been referred to as central age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) or central presbycusis. Central ARHI is often assumed to be the consequence of peripheral ARHI. However, it is possible that certain aspects of central ARHI are independent from peripheral ARHI. A confirmation of this possibility could lead to significant improvements in current rehabilitation practices. The major difficulty in addressing this issue arises from confounding factors, such as other age-related changes in both the cochlea and central non-auditory brain structures. Because gap detection is a common measure of central auditory temporal processing, and gap detection thresholds are less influenced by changes in other brain functions such as learning and memory, we investigated the potential relationship between age-related peripheral hearing loss (i.e., audiograms) and age-related changes in gap detection. Consistent with previous studies, a significant difference was found for gap detection thresholds between young and older adults. However, among older adults, no significant associations were observed between gap detection ability and several other independent variables including the pure tone audiogram average, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Vocabulary score, gender, and age. Statistical analyses showed little or no contributions from these independent variables to gap detection thresholds. Thus, our data indicate that age-related decline in central temporal processing is largely independent of peripheral ARHI.
Bao Jianxin; Yu Yan; Li Hui; Hawks John; Szatkowski Grace; Dade Bethany; Wang Hao; Liu Peng; Brutnell Thomas; Spehar Brent; Tye-Murray Nancy
Journal of neuroscience research
2020
2020-05-16
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24639" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jnr.24639</a>
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of the liver: a review of the clinical evidence for SonoVue and Sonazoid.
CEUS; Liver; Sonazoid; Sonovue (Lumason); Ultrasound contrast
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has become an established modality in various clinical indications for liver diseases. SonoVue((R)), a pure blood pure agent, and Sonazoid((R)), which exhibits an additional Kupffer phase, are contrast agents approved for liver imaging. This review discusses and compares the current clinical evidence for these two ultrasound contrast agents in the characterization and detection of focal liver lesions in the non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic liver, as well as for the use in interventional procedures such as liver biopsy guidance, and local ablation treatment monitoring. Reference is made to clinical studies which evaluated the accuracy of CEUS using a standard of reference, its safety, or to comparative studies of these two agents.
Barr Richard G; Huang Pintong; Luo Yan; Xie Xiaoyan; Zheng Rongqin; Yan Kun; Jing Xiang; Luo Yukun; Xu Huixiong; Fei Xiang; Lee Jeong Min
Abdominal radiology (New York)
2020
2020-05-18
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02573-9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s00261-020-02573-9</a>
Perineuronal nets and subtypes of GABAergic cells differentiate auditory and multisensory nuclei in the intercollicular area of the midbrain.
ab_10807945; ab_141607; ab_2278725; ab_2336066; ab_2336132; ab_2336874; ab_2336875; ab_2336881; ab_2534012; ab_2535710; ab_2665454; ab_2735091; ascending projections; descending projections; dorsal column nuclei; efferent connections; external nucleus; extracellular-matrix; Guinea pigs; inferior colliculus; intercollicular tegmentum; lateral lemniscus; medial geniculate-body; nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus; nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus; rostral pole of the inferior colliculus; rrid; RRID: AB_10807945; RRID: AB_141607; RRID: AB_2278725; RRID: AB_2336066; RRID: AB_2336132; RRID: AB_2336874; RRID: AB_2336875; RRID: AB_2336881; RRID: AB_2534012; RRID: AB_2535710; RRID: AB_2665454; RRID: AB_2735091; RRID: SCR_001775; scr_001775; superior colliculus; VGLUT2; VGLUT2
The intercollicular region, which lies between the inferior and superior colliculi in the midbrain, contains neurons that respond to auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli. Golgi studies have been used to parse this region into three distinct nuclei: the intercollicular tegmentum (ICt), the rostral pole of the inferior colliculus (ICrp), and the nucleus of the brachium of the IC (NBIC). Few reports have focused on these nuclei, especially the ICt and the ICrp, possibly due to lack of a marker that distinguishes these areas and is compatible with modern methods. Here, we found that staining for GABAergic cells and perineuronal nets differentiates these intercollicular nuclei in guinea pigs. Further, we found that the proportions of four subtypes of GABAergic cells differentiate intercollicular nuclei from each other and from adjacent inferior collicular subdivisions. Our results support earlier studies that suggest distinct morphology and functions for intercollicular nuclei, and provide staining methods that differentiate intercollicular nuclei and are compatible with most modern techniques. We hope that this will help future studies to further characterize the intercollicular region.
Beebe Nichole L; Noftz William A; Schofield Brett R
The Journal of comparative neurology
2020
2020-04-17
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24926" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/cne.24926</a>
Timeliness of Care for Injured Patients Initially Seen at Freestanding Emergency Departments: A Pilot Quality Improvement Project.
centers; delay; freestanding emergency department; golden hour; impact; injured patients; interfacility transfer; level I trauma center; mortality; Trauma; trauma patients; urgent care
BACKGROUND: The impact of freestanding emergency departments (FSEDs) on timeliness of care for trauma patients is not well understood. This quality improvement project had 2 objectives: (1) to determine whether significant delays in definitive care existed among trauma patients initially seen at FSEDs compared with those initially seen at other outlying sites prior to transfer to a level I trauma center; and (2) to determine the feasibility of identifying differences in time-to-definitive care and emergency department length of stay (ED LOS) based on initial treatment location. METHODS: Trauma registry data from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2017, from a verified level I trauma center were analyzed by location of initial presentation. Appropriate statistical tests are used to make comparisons across transport groups. RESULTS: Patients initially seen at non-FSEDs experienced ED LOS that were, on average, 24.5 minutes greater than patients seen initially at FSEDs, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .3112). Several challenges were identified in the feasibility analysis that will inform the design for a larger study including large quantities of missing time stamp data and potential selection bias. Prospective solutions were identified. CONCLUSION: This project found that there were not significant differences in ED LOS for injured patients presenting initially to FSEDs or other non-FSED facilities, suggesting that timeliness of care was similar across location types.
Birmingham Lauren E; Richner Gwendolyn; Moran Mary; Hatridge Kindra M; George Richard L
Quality management in health care
2020
2020-06
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/QMH.0000000000000252" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/QMH.0000000000000252</a>
Barriers to Outpatient Pediatric Chronic Pain Clinic Participation Among Referred Patients.
adolescents; barriers; chronic pain; clinic referral
Initial clinic evaluation among referred patients and factors limiting treatment initiation are not well characterized. We conducted a retrospective review of referrals to our outpatient pain clinic to identify intake visits and factors associated with treatment initiation among adolescents with chronic pain. We identified adolescents aged 13 to 18 years at the time of referral to clinic (2010-2016). Factors associated with completion of visits were evaluated using logistic regression. Patients who completed visits more frequently had private insurance than public or no insurance (P = .053). The most common reasons for caregiver decision not to attend the pain clinic included use of another pain clinic, that services were not wanted or no longer needed, and that their child was undergoing further testing. The current study demonstrated that patients with head pain were more likely to complete an intake visit, while there was a trend showing that lack of private insurance decreased this likelihood.
Boppana Sushmitha S; Miller Rebecca; Wrona Aubrey; Tumin Dmitry; Wrona Sharon; Smith Timothy P; Bhalla Tarun; Kim Stephani S; Tobias Joseph D
Clinical pediatrics
2020
2020-05-19
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0009922820922847" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/0009922820922847</a>
Transgenic Overexpression of GPNMB Protects Against MPTP-Induced Neurodegeneration.
GPNMB; Microglia; MPTP; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotective; Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease highlighted by a marked loss of dopaminergic cell loss and motor disturbances. Currently, there are no drugs that slow the progression of the disease. A myriad of factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of PD including neuroinflammation. Although anti-inflammatory agents are being evaluated as potential disease-modifying therapies for PD, none has proven effective to date, suggesting that new and novel targets are needed. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has recently been shown to reduce inflammation in astrocytes and to be increased in post-mortem PD brain samples. Here we show that transgenic overexpression of GPNMB protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a
Budge Kevin; Neal Matthew L; Richardson Jason R; Safadi Fayez F
Molecular neurobiology
2020
2020-05-20
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-01921-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s12035-020-01921-6</a>
Facilitating Narrative Change in Career Construction Counseling
career construction counseling; client change; elaborating change; evoking change; innovative moments
Career Construction Counseling fosters client change by evoking and elaborating innovative moments in client narratives. In this article, we describe four types of dialogues that counselors may use to prompt narrative novelty and foster client change: (a) identify and evaluate the effects of innovative moments, (b) highlight contrasting self-positions, (c) ask about changes achieved, (d) promote a meta-perspective on change. Vignettes from a case are used to illustrate how to use IM markers as a heuristic guide for when to engage in these four types of dialogues.
Cardoso Paulo Miguel; Savickas Mark L; Goncalves Mario Miguel
Journal of Career Development
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0894845319898872" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/0894845319898872</a>
The Accuracy of Interqual Criteria in Determining the Observation versus Inpatient Status in Older Adults with Syncope.
case management; geriatrics; InterQual; syncope
BACKGROUND: McKesson's InterQual criteria are widely used in hospitals to determine if patients should be classified as observation or inpatient status, but the accuracy of the criteria is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether InterQual criteria accurately predicted length of stay (LOS) in older patients with syncope. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a cohort study of adults >/=60 years of age who had syncope. We calculated InterQual criteria and classified the patient as observation or inpatient status. Outcomes were whether LOS were less than or greater than 2 midnights. RESULTS: We analyzed 2361 patients; 1227 (52.0%) patients were male and 1945 (82.8%) were white, with a mean age of 73.2 +/- 9.0 years. The median LOS was 32.6 h (interquartile range 24.2-71.8). The sensitivity of InterQual criteria for LOS was 60.8% (95% confidence interval 57.9-63.6%) and the specificity was 47.8% (95% confidence interval 45.0-50.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In older adults with syncope, those who met InterQual criteria for inpatient status had longer LOS compared with those who did not; however, the accuracy of the criteria to predict length of stay over 2 days is poor, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 48%. Future research should identify criteria to improve LOS prediction.
Chang Anna Marie; Hollander Judd E; Su Erica; Weiss Robert E; Yagapen Annick N; Malveau Susan E; Adler David H; Bastani Aveh; Baugh Christopher W; Caterino Jeffrey M; Clark Carol L; Diercks Deborah B; Nicks Bret A; Nishijima Daniel K; Shah Manish N; Stiffler Kirk A; Storrow Alan B; Wilber Scott T; Sun Benjamin C
The Journal of emergency medicine
2020
2020-04-11
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.02.020" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.02.020</a>
Targeting the gut microbiota for treating colitis: Is FGF19 a magic bullet?
Chiang John Y L; Ferrell Jessica M
EBioMedicine
2020
2020-05
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102754" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102754</a>
Advanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
active surveillance; computer-aided diagnosis; contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Contrast-enhanced US; Dispersion imaging; Fusion imaging; initial evaluation; Micro-ultrasound; mp-MRI; mp-US; multiparametric mri; Prostate biopsy; Prostate cancer diagnosis; Prostate US elastography; Prostate US elastography; radical prostatectomy; reactive stroma; real-time elastography; shear-wave elastography; transrectal ultrasound
The diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) can be challenging due to the limited performance of current diagnostic tests, including PSA, digital rectal examination and transrectal conventional US. Multiparametric MRI has improved PCa diagnosis and is recommended prior to biopsy; however, mp-MRI does miss a substantial number of PCa. Advanced US modalities include transrectal prostate elastography and contrast-enhanced US, as well as improved B-mode, micro-US and micro-Doppler techniques. These techniques can be combined to define a novel US approach, multiparametric US (mp-US). Mp-US improves PCa diagnosis but is not sufficiently accurate to obviate the utility of mp-MRI. Mp-US using advanced techniques and mp-MRI provide complementary information which will become even more important in the era of focal therapy, where precise identification of PCa location is needed.
Correas Jean-Michel; Halpern Ethan J; Barr Richard G; Ghai Sangeet; Walz Jochen; Bodard Sylvain; Dariane Charles; de la Rosette Jean
World journal of urology
2020
2020-04-18
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-020-03193-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s00345-020-03193-0</a>
Using Telehealth to Expand Community-based Care Manager Interdisciplinary Team Reach
Drost J; Fosnight S; Nauer T; Bring-Mazurek N; Morgan A; Chrzanowski B; Gareri M; Hazelett S; Kropp D
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2020
2020-04
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journalArticle
n/a
Asymmetrical gait kinematics of free-ranging callitrichines in response to changes in substrate diameter and orientation.
locomotion; Primate; Stability
Arboreal environments present considerable biomechanical challenges for animals moving and foraging among substrates varying in diameter, orientation, and compliance. Most studies of quadrupedal gait kinematics in primates and other arboreal mammals have focused on symmetrical walking gaits and the significance of diagonal sequence gaits. Considerably less research has examined asymmetrical gaits, despite their prevalence in small-bodied arboreal taxa. Here we examine whether and how free-ranging callitrichine primates adjust asymmetrical gait kinematics to changes in substrate diameter and orientation, as well as how variation in gait kinematics affects substrate displacement. We used high-speed video to film free-ranging Saguinus tripartitus and Cebuella pygmaea inhabiting the Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador. We found that Saguinus used bounding and half-bounding gaits on larger substrates versus gallops and symmetrical gaits on smaller substrates, and also shifted several kinematic parameters consistent with attenuating forces transferred from the animal to the substrate. Similarly, Cebuella shifted from high impact bounding gaits on larger substrates to using more half-bounding gaits on smaller substrates; however, kinematic adjustments to substrate diameter were not as profound as in Saguinus Both species adjusted gait kinematics to changes in substrate orientation; however, gait kinematics did not significantly affect empirical measures of substrate displacement in either species. Due to their small body size, claw-like nails, and reduced grasping capabilities, callitrichines arguably represent extant biomechanical analogues for an early stage in primate evolution. As such, greater attention should be placed on understanding asymmetrical gait dynamics for insight into hypotheses concerning early primate locomotor evolution.
Dunham Noah T; McNamara Allison; Shapiro Liza J; Phelps Taylor; Young Jesse W
The Journal of experimental biology
2020
2020-05-15
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.217562" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1242/jeb.217562</a>
CD30 positive Leukemic Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma.
CD30 positivity; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; leukemic CD30; Sezary syndrome
Ellis Ariana; Christensen Luisa F; Sharma Timmie; Meyerson Howard; Kord Honda; Cooper Kevin D
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2020
2020-05-10
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.014" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.014</a>
Unasked, Unheard: Detecting Elder Abuse in an Aging Population Commentary on Unasked, Unheard: Detecting Elder Abuse in an Aging Population.
Ellis Ariana; Stiff Katherine M; Mostow Eliot N
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
2020
2020-05-12
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003502" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/ACM.0000000000003502</a>
Rural and Remote Communities: Unique Ethical Issues in the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Erwin Cheryl; Aultman Julie; Harter Tom; Illes Judy; Kogan Rabbi Claudio J
The American journal of bioethics : AJOB
2020
2020-05-14
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1764139" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/15265161.2020.1764139</a>
A Novel High Risk Medication Tool for Falls in Older Adults
Fosnight S; Hazelett S; Kropp D; Gareri M; Lehotsky K; Harvan A; Sanders M; Drost J
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2020
2020-04
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journalArticle
n/a
Effects of pharmacy interventions at transitions of care on patient outcomes.
discharge medication reconciliation; length of stay; medication adherence; medication errors; pharmacists; readmissions
PURPOSE: An interdisciplinary group developed a care transitions process with a prominent pharmacist role. METHODS: The new transitions process was initiated on a 32-bed medical/surgical unit. Demographics, reconciliation data, information on medication adherence barriers, medication recommendations, and time spent performing interventions were prospectively collected for 284 consecutive patients over 54 days after the pharmacy participation was completely implemented. Outcome data, including 30-day readmission rates and length of stay, were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: When comparing metrics for all intervention patients to baseline metrics from the same months of the previous year, the readmission rate was decreased from 21.0% to 15.3% and mean length of stay decreased from 5.3 days to 4.4 days. Further improvement to a 10.2% readmission rate and a 3.6-day average length of stay were observed in the subgroup of intervention patients who received all components of the pharmacy intervention. Additionally, greater improvements were observed in intervention-period patients who received the full pharmacy intervention, as compared to those receiving only parts of the pharmacy intervention, with a 10.2-percentage-point lower readmission rate (10.2% vs 20.4%, P = 0.016) and a 1.7-day shorter length of stay (3.6 days vs. 5.3 days; 95% confidence interval, 0.814-2.68 days; P = 0.0003). For patients receiving any component of the pharmacy intervention, an average of 9.56 medication recommendations were made, with a mean of 0.89 change per patient deemed to be required to avoid harm and/or increased length of stay. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive pharmacy intervention added to a transitions intervention resulted in an average of nearly 10 medication recommendations per patient, improved length of stay, and reduced readmission rates.
Fosnight S; King Philip; Ewald Jacqueline; Feucht John; Lamtman Angela; Kropp D; Dittmer Alison; Sampson Jordan; Shah Morali
American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
2020
2020-05-06
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa081" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/ajhp/zxaa081</a>
Animal Models of Tinnitus: A Review.
Acoustic startle reflex; Animal models; Operant behavioral methods; Psychophysics; Tinnitus
Animal models have significantly contributed to understanding the pathophysiology of chronic subjective tinnitus. They are useful because they control etiology, which in humans is heterogeneous; employ random group assignment; and often use methods not permissible in human studies. Animal models can be broadly categorized as either operant or reflexive, based on methodology. Operant methods use variants of established psychophysical procedures to reveal what an animal hears. Reflexive methods do the same using elicited behavior, for example, the acoustic startle reflex. All methods contrast the absence of sound and presence of sound, because tinnitus cannot by definition be perceived as silence.
Galazyuk Alexander; Brozoski Thomas J
Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
2020
2020-04-20
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.001</a>
Developmental exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin causes male-specific exacerbation of alpha-synuclein-preformed fibril-induced toxicity and motor deficits.
Neuroinflammation; Neurotoxicity; Parkinson's; Pesticide; Sex differences; Synuclein
Human and animal studies have shown that exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous work showed that developmental dieldrin exposure increased neuronal susceptibility to MPTP toxicity in male C57BL/6 mice, possibly via changes in dopamine (DA) packaging and turnover. However, the relevance of the MPTP model to PD pathophysiology has been questioned. We therefore studied dieldrin-induced neurotoxicity in the alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn)-preformed fibril (PFF) model, which better reflects the alpha-syn pathology and toxicity observed in PD pathogenesis. Specifically, we used a "two-hit" model to determine whether developmental dieldrin exposure increases susceptibility to alpha-syn PFF-induced synucleinopathy. Dams were fed either dieldrin (0.3 mg/kg, every 3-4 days) or vehicle corn oil starting 1 month prior to breeding and continuing through weaning of pups at postnatal day 22. At 12 weeks of age, male and female offspring received intrastriatal alpha-syn PFF or control saline injections. Consistent with the male-specific increased susceptibility to MPTP, our results demonstrate that developmental dieldrin exposure exacerbates PFF-induced toxicity in male mice only. Specifically, in male offspring, dieldrin exacerbated
Gezer Aysegul O; Kochmanski Joseph; VanOeveren Sarah E; Cole-Strauss Allyson; Kemp Christopher J; Patterson Joseph R; Miller Kathryn M; Kuhn Nathan C; Herman Danielle E; McIntire Alyssa; Lipton Jack W; Luk Kelvin C; Fleming Sheila M; Sortwell Caryl E; Bernstein Alison I
Neurobiology of disease
2020
2020-05-15
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104947" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104947</a>
Twitter as a powerful tool for communication between pain physicians during COVID-19 Pandemic.
education; pain management; technology
Ghosh Priyanka; Schwartz Gary; Narouze Samer
Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
2020
2020-04-21
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-101530" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1136/rapm-2020-101530</a>
tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via
Chondrocyte; JAK3; Noncoding RNA; Osteoarthritis; Transfer RNA; tRNA-derived fragments
OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have shown that tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) are novel regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression. However, the expression profiles and their role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in chondrocytes is unknown. Here, we determined tRFs expression profile and explored tRF-3003a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in IL-1beta stimulated chondrocytes. METHODS: We used qPCR arrays to determine tRNAs and tRFs expression in age- and sex-matched primary human OA chondrocytes and TC28/I2 cells stimulated with
Green J A; Ansari M Y; Ball H C; Haqqi Tariq M
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
2020
2020-05-12
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2020.04.014" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.joca.2020.04.014</a>
Vaginal operative delivery in Germany: a national survey about experience and self-reported competency
Foceps; resident training; vaginal operative delivery; ventouse
Background: To determine German obstetricians' self-perceived experience with vacuum and forceps deliveries.Patients and methods: Using a web-based survey, German obstetricians were invited to participate in a survey. This survey was approved by the German society of obstetrics and gynecology.Results: Surveys of 635 obstetricians were received. All obstetricians reported performing significantly less forceps than vacuum deliveries. Almost all obstetricians want to perform more delivery, which indicates the willingness to learn both. More obstetricians felt confident to perform vacuum than forceps. In a similar obstetrical indication, most of the obstetricians would prefer to perform a vacuum assisted delivery. The majority of the obstetricians wished to receive more training in vaginal operative deliveries.Conclusion: Most of the German obstetricians prefer to use vacuum-assisted vaginal deliveries and feel less confident to perform forceps deliveries. Standardized training to improve the quality of care is recommended.
Hamza, A; Lavin, J.P.; Radosa, J.C.; Abou-Dakn, M.; Peitz, I.; Gherlinger Ch.; Meyberg-Solomayer, G.; Ströder, R.; Juhasz-Böss, I.; Solomayer, E.F.; Takacs, F.Z.
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
.
2020
04-2020
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Journal Article
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1755648" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/14767058.2020.1755648</a>
MCT2 overexpression rescues metabolic vulnerability and protects retinal ganglion cells in two models of glaucoma.
Glaucoma; Metabolism; Monocarboxylate transporter; Ocular hypertension; Retinal ganglion cell
Improving cellular access to energy substrates is one strategy to overcome observed declines in energy production and utilization in the aged and pathologic central nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), the movers of lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies into or out of a cell, are significantly decreased in the DBA/2 J mouse model of glaucoma. In order to confirm MCT decreases are disease-associated, we decreased MCT2 in the retinas of MCT2(fl/+) mice using an injection of AAV2-cre, observing significant decline in ATP production and visual evoked potential. Restoring MCT2 levels in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) via intraocular injection of AAV2-GFP-MCT2 in two models of glaucoma, the DBA/2 J (D2), and a magnetic bead model of ocular hypertension (OHT), preserved RGCs and their function. Viral-mediated overexpression of MCT2 increased RGC density and axon number, reduced energy imbalance, and increased mitochondrial function as measured by cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in both models of glaucoma. Ocular hypertensive mice injected with AAV2:MCT2 had significantly greater P1 amplitude as measured by pattern electroretinogram than mice with OHT alone. These findings indicate overexpression of MCT2 improves energy homeostasis in the glaucomatous visual system, suggesting that expanding energy input options for cells is a viable option to combat neurodegeneration.
Harun-Or-Rashid Mohammad; Pappenhagen Nathaniel; Zubricky Ryan; Coughlin Lucy; Jassim Assraa Hassan; Inman Denise M
Neurobiology of disease
2020
2020-05-15
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104944" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104944</a>
Safety of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia Prophylaxis in Patients Taking Methotrexate.
Autoimmune disease; Chronic inflammatory disease; Methotrexate; Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Havele Sonia A; Ellis Ariana; Chaitoff Alex; Khanna Urmi; Parambil Joseph; Langford Carol A; Fernandez Anthony P
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2020
2020-04-19
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.040" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.040</a>
Maternal Body Dissatisfaction and Accuracy of Infant Weight Perception in Families From Low-Income Backgrounds.
body dissatisfaction; infant; low-income; mother; weight perception
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between maternal body dissatisfaction and mother's (mis)perception of their infant's weight classification among families from low-income households. METHODS: Mother-infant dyads were recruited during well-child visits from 2 urban primary care clinics. Maternal body dissatisfaction was measured using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale. Perception of infant weight was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Infant weight-for-length percentiles were calculated using World Health Organization growth charts. Associations between maternal body dissatisfaction score and mother's (mis)perception of their infant's weight classification were examined using logistic regression allowing for nonlinear associations via restricted cubic splines. RESULTS: Mothers (n = 180) were 26.6 +/- 5.1 years old and 72% Black; infants were 8.8 +/- 2.1 months old. Mean infant weight-for-length percentile was 64 +/- 26. On average, mothers wanted to be one body figure smaller than their perceived current body size. Most mothers (82%) accurately perceived their infant's weight classification while few overestimated (7%) or underestimated (11%) their child's weight category. The probability of mothers misperceiving their infant's weight classification increased as maternal body dissatisfaction increased in either extreme in unadjusted (P < .05) and adjusted analysis (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS: Increased maternal body dissatisfaction may be associated with mother's misperception of infant weight classification. Future studies should examine this relationship in a heterogeneous population.
Khalsa Amrik Singh; Copeland Kristen A; Misik Lauren; Brown Callie L; Kharofa Roohi Y; Ollberding Nicholas J
Academic pediatrics
2020
2020-04-02
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.03.009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.acap.2020.03.009</a>
A novel collaboration between community resource organizations, academia and a healthcare system to implement dementia inclusive community initiatives
Little M; Kropp D; Cardellini J; Bass D; Nicolay S; Elliott K; Drost J; Fosnight S; Hazelett S; Patton R; Chrzanowski B; Warren L; Brown D K; Hovland C; Niederriter J; Burman B; Williman M; Gareri M
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2020
2020-04
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n/a
Letter to the editor regarding dosing accuracy of female low dose syringes.
Lyman Beth; Cober Mary Petrea
Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
2020
2020-04-07
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13138" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/jcpt.13138</a>
Prediction of pathological complete response in breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Is shear wave elastography a useful tool in clinical routine?
2D shear wave imaging; Breast neoplasms; Elasticity imaging techniques; Neoadjuvant therapy
OBJECTIVE: To compare the validity of Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) for the preoperative assessment of pathological complete response (pCR) to standard clinical assessment in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, consecutive clinical trial was conducted under routine clinical practice. Analysis included 134 patients. SWE served as index test, final pathology from surgical specimen as reference standard. PCR (ypT0) was defined as primary endpoint. Elasticity changes were compared for the pCR- vs. non-pCR group. To determine the validity of shear wave velocity (Vs), ROC analyses and diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated and compared to the final standard clinical assessment by physical examination, mammography and B-mode ultrasound (ycT+vs. ycT0). RESULTS: Vs was significantly reduced in pCR and non-pCR groups during NACT (pCR: DeltaVs(abs)=3.90m/s, p<0.001; non-pCR: DeltaVs(abs)=3.10m/s, p<0.001). The pCR-group showed significant lower Vs for all control visits (t1,2,END: p<0.001). ROC analysis of Vs yielded moderate AUCs for the total population (t0: 0.613, t1: 0.745, t2: 0.685, tEND: 0.718). Compared to standard clinical assessment, Vs(tEND) (cut-off: </=3.35m/s) was superior in sensitivity (79.6 % vs. 54.5 %), NPV (86.4 % vs. 77.5 %), FNR (20.4 % vs. 45.5 %), inferior in specificity (58.6 % vs. 77.5 %), PPV (46.3 % vs. 54.5 %), FPR (41.4 % vs. 22.5 %). CONCLUSION: SWE measures significant differences in tumour elasticity changes in pCR vs. non-pCR cases. SWE shows improved sensitivity compared to standard clinical assessment, high NPV and low FNR, but failed in specificity in order to predict pCR under routine conditions.
Maier Anna Marie; Heil Jorg; Harcos Aba; Rauch Geraldine; Uhlmann Lorenz; Gomez Christina; Stieber Anne; Funk Annika; Barr Richard G; Hennigs Andre; Riedel Fabian; Schafgen Benedikt; Hug Sarah; Marme Frederik; Sohn Christof; Golatta Michael
European journal of radiology
2020
2020-05-01
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109025" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109025</a>
Myocardial ischemia: From disease to syndrome.
Angina; Chronic coronary syndromes; Coronary artery disease; Ischemic heart disease; Microvascular dysfunction
Although current guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease acknowledge that multiple mechanisms may precipitate myocardial ischemia, recommended diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic algorithms are still focused on obstructive epicardial atherosclerotic lesions, and little progress has been made in identifying management strategies for non-atherosclerotic causes of myocardial ischemia. The purpose of this consensus paper is three-fold: 1) to marshal scientific evidence that obstructive atherosclerosis can co-exist with other mechanisms of ischemic heart disease (IHD); 2) to explore how the awareness of multiple precipitating mechanisms could impact on pre-test probability, provocative test results and treatment strategies; and 3) to stimulate a more comprehensive approach to chronic myocardial ischemic syndromes, consistent with the new understanding of this condition.
Marzilli Mario; Crea Filippo; Morrone Doralisa; Bonow Robert O; Brown David L; Camici Paolo G; Chilian William M; DeMaria Anthony; Guarini Giacinta; Huqi Alda; Merz C Noel Bairey; Pepine Carl; Scali Maria Chiara; Weintraub William S; Boden William E
International journal of cardiology
2020
2020-04-26
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.04.074" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.04.074</a>
The effect of preterm birth, recurrent laryngeal nerve lesion, and postnatal maturation on hyoid and thyroid movements, and their coordination in infant feeding.
dysphagia; Feeding; Kinematics; Neonate; Swallowing
Movements of the hyoid and thyroid are critical for feeding. These structures are often assumed to move in synchrony, despite evidence that neurologically compromised populations exhibit altered kinematics. Preterm infants are widely considered to be a neurologically compromised population and often experience feeding difficulties, yet measuring performance, and how performance matures in pediatric populations is challenging. Feeding problems are often compounded by complications arising from surgical procedures performed to ensure the survival of preterm infants, such as damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during patent ductus arteriosus correction surgery. Here, we used a validated infant pig model for infant feeding to test how preterm birth, postnatal maturation, and RLN lesion interact to impact hyoid and thyroid excursion and their coordination. We filmed infant pigs when feeding using videofluorscopy at seven days old (1-2 months human equivalent) and 17 days old (6-9 months human equivalent) and tracked movements of the hyoid and thyroid on both days. We found that preterm birth impacted the coordination between hyoid and thyroid movements, but not their actual excursion. In contrast, excursion of the two structures increased with postnatal age in term and preterm pigs. RLN lesion decreased thyroid excursion, and primarily impacted hyoid movements by increasing variation in hyoid excursion. This work demonstrates that RLN lesion and preterm birth have distinct, but pervasive effects on feeding performance in infants, and suggest that interventions targeted towards reducing dysphagia should be prescribed based off the etiology driving dysphagia, rather than the prognosis of dysphagia.
Mayerl Christopher J; Catchpole Emily A; Edmonds Chloe E; Gould Francois D H; McGrattan Katlyn E; Bond Laura E; Stricklen Bethany M; German Rebecca Z
Journal of biomechanics
2020
2020-05-22
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109786" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109786</a>
Swallow Safety is Determined by Bolus Volume During Infant Feeding in an Animal Model.
Animal model; aspiration; children born; coordination; dysphagia; dysphagia; Feeding; laryngeal nerve lesion; low-birth-weight; Neonate; patent ductus-arteriosus; Performance; pharyngeal swallow; preterm; respiration
Feeding difficulties are especially prevalent in preterm infants, although the mechanisms driving these difficulties are poorly understood due to a lack of data on healthy infants. One potential mechanism of dysphagia in adults is correlated with bolus volume. Yet, whether and how bolus volume impacts swallow safety in infant feeding is unknown. A further complication for safe infant swallowing is recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury due to patent ductus arteriosus surgery, which exacerbates the issues that preterm infants face and can increase the risk of dysphagia. Here, we used a validated animal model feeding freely to test the effect of preterm birth, postnatal maturation and RLN lesion and their interactions on swallow safety. We also tested whether bolus size differed with lesion or birth status, and the relationship between bolus size and swallow safety. We found very little effect of lesion on swallow safety, and preterm infants did not experience more penetration or aspiration than term infants. However, term infants swallowed larger boluses than preterm infants, even after correcting for body size. Bolus size was the primary predictor of penetration or aspiration, with larger boluses being more likely to result in greater degrees of dysphagia irrespective of age or lesion status. These results highlight that penetration and aspiration are likely normal occurrences in infant feeding. Further, when comorbidities, such as RLN lesion or preterm birth are present, limiting bolus size may be an effective means to reduce incidences of penetration and aspiration.
Mayerl Christopher J; Myrla Alexis M; Gould Francois D H; Bond Laura E; Stricklen Bethany M; German Rebecca Z
Dysphagia
2020
2020-04-24
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10118-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s00455-020-10118-x</a>
Response to "The Benefit of Acellular Dermal Matrix Placement in Primary Breast Surgery May Outweigh the Cost in Patients at High Risk of Capsular Contracture".
Mirhaidari Shayda; Wagner Douglas S
Aesthetic surgery journal
2020
2020-04-18
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa078" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/asj/sjaa078</a>
COVID-19 infection with extensive thrombosis: A case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens.
Morales Michael H; Leigh Candace L; Simon Erin L
The American journal of emergency medicine
2020
2020-05-15
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.022" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.022</a>
Relationships between Very Low-Density Lipoproteins-Ceramides, -Diacylglycerols, and -Triacylglycerols in Insulin-Resistant Men.
biomarkers; Ceramides; disease; humans; inflammation; kinetics; ldl; Lipids; Metabolic syndrome; NAFLD; NAFLD; obese men; secretion; sphingolipids; VLDL; VLDL
This short report describes the relationships between concentrations of ceramides (CER), diacylglycerols (DAG), triacylglycerols (TAG) in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles, and hepatic lipid accumulation. VLDL particles were isolated from male subjects (n = 12, mean +/- SD, age 42.1 +/- 5.4 years, BMI 37.4 +/- 4.1 kg/m(2) , ALT 45 +/- 21 U/L) and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100),
Mucinski Justine M; Manrique-Acevedo Camila; Kasumov Takhar; Garrett Timothy J; Gaballah Ayman; Parks Elizabeth J
Lipids
2020
2020-05-15
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/lipd.12244" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/lipd.12244</a>
Melatonin Prescribing in Assisted Living
Peketi P S; Zimmerman S; Miller S; Wretman C; Preisser J; Sloane P
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2020
2020-04
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n/a
Consensus guidelines for management of hyperammonaemia in paediatric patients receiving continuous kidney replacement therapy.
Hyperammonaemia in children can lead to grave consequences in the form of cerebral oedema, severe neurological impairment and even death. In infants and children, common causes of hyperammonaemia include urea cycle disorders or organic acidaemias. Few studies have assessed the role of extracorporeal therapies in the management of hyperammonaemia in neonates and children. Moreover, consensus guidelines are lacking for the use of non-kidney replacement therapy (NKRT) and kidney replacement therapies (KRTs, including peritoneal dialysis, continuous KRT, haemodialysis and hybrid therapy) to manage hyperammonaemia in neonates and children. Prompt treatment with KRT and/or NKRT, the choice of which depends on the ammonia concentrations and presenting symptoms of the patient, is crucial. This expert Consensus Statement presents recommendations for the management of hyperammonaemia requiring KRT in paediatric populations. Additional studies are required to strengthen these recommendations.
Raina Rupesh; Bedoyan Jirair K; Lichter-Konecki Uta; Jouvet Philippe; Picca Stefano; Mew Nicholas Ah; Machado Marcel C; Chakraborty Ronith; Vemuganti Meghana; Grewal Manpreet K; Bunchman Timothy; Sethi Sidharth Kumar; Krishnappa Vinod; McCulloch Mignon; Alhasan Khalid; Bagga Arvind; Basu Rajit K; Schaefer Franz; Filler Guido; Warady Bradley A
Nature reviews. Nephrology
2020
2020-04-08
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0267-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/s41581-020-0267-8</a>
Masticatory Loading and Ossification of the Mandibular Symphysis during Anthropoid Origins.
An ossified or 'fused' mandibular symphysis characterizes the origins of the Anthropoidea, a primate suborder that includes humans. Longstanding debate about the adaptive significance of variation in this jaw joint centers on whether a bony symphysis is stronger than an unfused one spanned by cartilage and ligaments. To provide essential information regarding mechanical performance, intact adult symphyses from representative primates and scandentians were loaded ex vivo to simulate stresses during biting and chewing - dorsoventral (DV) shear and lateral transverse bending ('wishboning'). The anthropoid symphysis requires significantly more force to induce structural failure vs. strepsirrhines and scandentians with unfused joints. In wishboning, symphyseal breakage always occurs at the midline in taxa with unfused conditions, further indicating that an ossified symphysis is stronger than an unfused joint. Greater non-midline fractures among anthropoids suggest that fusion imposes unique constraints on masticatory function elsewhere along the mandible, a phenomenon likely to characterize the evolution of fusion and jaw form throughout Mammalia.
Ravosa Matthew J; Vinyard Christopher J
Scientific reports
2020
2020-04-06
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journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62025-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/s41598-020-62025-8</a>
Qualitative Analysis of the Delivery of Person-Centered Nutrition to Asian Americans with Dementia in the Adult Day Health Care Setting
Sadarangani T; Chong S; Park S; Missaelides L; Johnson J J; Trinh-Shevrin C; Brody A
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2020
2020-04
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journalArticle
n/a
A Descriptive Analysis of Phototherapy Treatment for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Graft versus Host Disease at a Tertiary Referral Center
Saleh M A; Kumar P; Kim N
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2020
2020-04
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journalArticle
n/a