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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421926112" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421926112</a>
Pages
2812–2816
Issue
9
Volume
112
Dublin Core
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Title
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Moth tails divert bat attack: evolution of acoustic deflection.
Publisher
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Date
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2015
2015-03
Subject
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*Biological Evolution; *Chiroptera; Animal Structures/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Animals; antipredator defense; bat-moth interactions; Food Chain; Lepidoptera; Moths/*physiology; Saturniidae
Creator
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Barber Jesse R; Leavell Brian C; Keener Adam L; Breinholt Jesse W; Chadwell Brad A; McClure Christopher J W; Hill Geena M; Kawahara Akito Y
Description
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Adaptations to divert the attacks of visually guided predators have evolved repeatedly in animals. Using high-speed infrared videography, we show that luna moths (Actias luna) generate an acoustic diversion with spinning hindwing tails to deflect echolocating bat attacks away from their body and toward these nonessential appendages. We pit luna moths against big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and demonstrate a survival advantage of approximately 47% for moths with tails versus those that had their tails removed. The benefit of hindwing tails is equivalent to the advantage conferred to moths by bat-detecting ears. Moth tails lured bat attacks to these wing regions during 55% of interactions between bats and intact luna moths. We analyzed flight kinematics of moths with and without hindwing tails and suggest that tails have a minimal role in flight performance. Using a robust phylogeny, we find that long spatulate tails have independently evolved four times in saturniid moths, further supporting the selective advantage of this anti-bat strategy. Diversionary tactics are perhaps more common than appreciated in predator-prey interactions. Our finding suggests that focusing on the sensory ecologies of key predators will reveal such countermeasures in prey.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421926112" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1073/pnas.1421926112</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Biological Evolution
*Chiroptera
2015
Animal Structures/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Animals
antipredator defense
Barber Jesse R
bat-moth interactions
Breinholt Jesse W
Chadwell Brad A
Food Chain
Hill Geena M
Kawahara Akito Y
Keener Adam L
Leavell Brian C
Lepidoptera
McClure Christopher J W
Moths/*physiology
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Saturniidae