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Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
847-854
Issue
10
Volume
57
ISSN
15563650
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011–2017.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinical Toxicology (15563650)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-10
Subject
The topic of the resource
dietary supplement; Kratom; National Poison Data System; poison control center; poisoning; poison control center; UNITED States; HEALTH facilities; SOUTHEAST Asia; ENDEMIC plants; Kratom; SAFETY regulations
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Post Sara; Spiller Henry A; Chounthirath Thitphalak; Smith Gary A
Description
An account of the resource
Context: Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia that has gained national attention in the United States for its increased use in the self-management of opioid withdrawal and pain, as well as for concerns about its safety. Methods: This study analyzes exposures to kratom reported to poison control centers (PCCs) in the United States during 2011–2017 from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). Discussion: From 2011 through 2017, 1807 kratom exposures were reported to United States PCCs. Almost two-thirds (65.0%) of these exposures occurred during 2016–2017. Most exposures occurred among adults ≥20 years (88.9%), males (70.8%), at a residence (86.1%), and were intentional (74.3%). Among first-ranked kratom exposures, 31.8% resulted in admission to a health care facility (HCF) and 51.9% in a serious medical outcome. Multiple-substance exposures were associated with greater odds of admission to a HCF (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 2.21–3.55) and a serious medical outcome (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.77–2.85) compared with single-substance exposures. There were 11 deaths associated with kratom exposure, including two that occurred after exposure to kratom only. Among kratom-only exposures, 86.1% resulted in one or more clinical effects. The most common clinical effects were agitation/irritability (22.9%) and tachycardia (21.4%). There were seven neonatal exposures, including five experiencing withdrawal. Conclusions: Kratom is associated with a variety of serious medical outcomes, especially when used with other substances. More research is needed to define the human response to kratom. Increased regulation of kratom products would help guarantee product quality and safety. Individuals who choose to use kratom should be educated about its potential risks, including the dangers of using it in combination with other substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2019
Chounthirath Thitphalak
Clinical Toxicology (15563650)
dietary supplement
ENDEMIC plants
Health Facilities
Journal Article
Kratom
National Poison Data System
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
November 2019 Update
Poison control center
poisoning
Post Sara
SAFETY regulations
Smith Gary A
SOUTHEAST Asia
Spiller Henry A
United States
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
1-8
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
NEOMED Student Publications
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011-2017.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
dietary supplement; Kratom; National Poison Data System; poison control center; poisoning
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Post Sara; Spiller Henry A; Chounthirath Thitphalak; Smith Gary A
Description
An account of the resource
CONTEXT: Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia that has gained national attention in the United States for its increased use in the self-management of opioid withdrawal and pain, as well as for concerns about its safety. METHODS: This study analyzes exposures to kratom reported to poison control centers (PCCs) in the United States during 2011-2017 from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). DISCUSSION: From 2011 through 2017, 1807 kratom exposures were reported to United States PCCs. Almost two-thirds (65.0%) of these exposures occurred during 2016-2017. Most exposures occurred among adults >/=20 years (88.9%), males (70.8%), at a residence (86.1%), and were intentional (74.3%). Among first-ranked kratom exposures, 31.8% resulted in admission to a health care facility (HCF) and 51.9% in a serious medical outcome. Multiple-substance exposures were associated with greater odds of admission to a HCF (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 2.21-3.55) and a serious medical outcome (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.77-2.85) compared with single-substance exposures. There were 11 deaths associated with kratom exposure, including two that occurred after exposure to kratom only. Among kratom-only exposures, 86.1% resulted in one or more clinical effects. The most common clinical effects were agitation/irritability (22.9%) and tachycardia (21.4%). There were seven neonatal exposures, including five experiencing withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Kratom is associated with a variety of serious medical outcomes, especially when used with other substances. More research is needed to define the human response to kratom. Increased regulation of kratom products would help guarantee product quality and safety. Individuals who choose to use kratom should be educated about its potential risks, including the dangers of using it in combination with other substances.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>
2019
Chounthirath Thitphalak
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
dietary supplement
Kratom
National Poison Data System
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
Pa.)
Poison control center
poisoning
Post Sara
Smith Gary A
Spiller Henry A
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>
Pages
1–8
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
NEOMED Student Publications
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011-2017.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
dietary supplement; Kratom; National Poison Data System; poison control center; poisoning
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Post Sara; Spiller Henry A; Chounthirath Thitphalak; Smith Gary A
Description
An account of the resource
CONTEXT: Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia that has gained national attention in the United States for its increased use in the self-management of opioid withdrawal and pain, as well as for concerns about its safety. METHODS: This study analyzes exposures to kratom reported to poison control centers (PCCs) in the United States during 2011-2017 from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). DISCUSSION: From 2011 through 2017, 1807 kratom exposures were reported to United States PCCs. Almost two-thirds (65.0%) of these exposures occurred during 2016-2017. Most exposures occurred among adults \textgreater/=20 years (88.9%), males (70.8%), at a residence (86.1%), and were intentional (74.3%). Among first-ranked kratom exposures, 31.8% resulted in admission to a health care facility (HCF) and 51.9% in a serious medical outcome. Multiple-substance exposures were associated with greater odds of admission to a HCF (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 2.21-3.55) and a serious medical outcome (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.77-2.85) compared with single-substance exposures. There were 11 deaths associated with kratom exposure, including two that occurred after exposure to kratom only. Among kratom-only exposures, 86.1% resulted in one or more clinical effects. The most common clinical effects were agitation/irritability (22.9%) and tachycardia (21.4%). There were seven neonatal exposures, including five experiencing withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Kratom is associated with a variety of serious medical outcomes, especially when used with other substances. More research is needed to define the human response to kratom. Increased regulation of kratom products would help guarantee product quality and safety. Individuals who choose to use kratom should be educated about its potential risks, including the dangers of using it in combination with other substances.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2019
Chounthirath Thitphalak
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
dietary supplement
Kratom
National Poison Data System
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
Pa.)
Poison control center
poisoning
Post Sara
Smith Gary A
Spiller Henry A