1
40
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719666115" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719666115</a>
Pages
E1108–E1116
Issue
6
Volume
115
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A neurochemical hypothesis for the origin of hominids.
Publisher
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Ardipithecus; *basal ganglia; *Biological Evolution; *dopamine; *hominin; *Neurochemistry; *neurotransmitter; *Selection; *Social Behavior; Altruism; Animals; Corpus Striatum/*physiology; Dogs; Genetic; Humans; Personality; Primates; Social Conformity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Raghanti Mary Ann; Edler Melissa K; Stephenson Alexa R; Munger Emily L; Jacobs Bob; Hof Patrick R; Sherwood Chet C; Holloway Ralph L; Lovejoy C Owen
Description
An account of the resource
It has always been difficult to account for the evolution of certain human characters such as language, empathy, and altruism via individual reproductive success. However, the striatum, a subcortical region originally thought to be exclusively motor, is now known to contribute to social behaviors and "personality styles" that may link such complexities with natural selection. We here report that the human striatum exhibits a unique neurochemical profile that differs dramatically from those of other primates. The human signature of elevated striatal dopamine, serotonin, and neuropeptide Y, coupled with lowered acetylcholine, systematically favors externally driven behavior and greatly amplifies sensitivity to social cues that promote social conformity, empathy, and altruism. We propose that selection induced an initial form of this profile in early hominids, which increased their affiliative behavior, and that this shift either preceded or accompanied the adoption of bipedality and elimination of the sectorial canine. We further hypothesize that these changes were critical for increased individual fitness and promoted the adoption of social monogamy, which progressively increased cooperation as well as a dependence on tradition-based cultural transmission. These eventually facilitated the acquisition of language by elevating the reproductive advantage afforded those most sensitive to social cues.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719666115" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1073/pnas.1719666115</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Ardipithecus
*basal ganglia
*Biological Evolution
*dopamine
*hominin
*Neurochemistry
*neurotransmitter
*Selection
*Social Behavior
2018
Altruism
Animals
Corpus Striatum/*physiology
Dogs
Edler Melissa K
Genetic
Hof Patrick R
Holloway Ralph L
Humans
Jacobs Bob
Lovejoy C Owen
Munger Emily L
Personality
Primates
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Raghanti Mary Ann
Sherwood Chet C
Social Conformity
Stephenson Alexa R
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20480" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20480</a>
Pages
375–381
Issue
4
Volume
290
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Age- and site-specific decline in insulin-like growth factor-I receptor expression is correlated with differential growth plate activity in the mouse hindlimb.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2007
2007-04
Subject
The topic of the resource
Age Factors; Animals; Biological Evolution; Growth Plate/*metabolism/physiology; Hindlimb/*growth & development/metabolism; IGF Type 1/*metabolism; Inbred C57BL; Mice; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism; Receptor
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Serrat Maria A; Lovejoy C Owen; King Donna
Description
An account of the resource
The proximal and distal growth plates of the principal long bones do not contribute equally to longitudinal growth. Most forelimb elongation occurs at the shoulder and wrist, while most hindlimb growth occurs at the knee. This study examined whether insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a potent growth regulator, could underlie this variation via differential receptor expression. The spatiotemporal distribution of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) was mapped in hindlimb growth plates (overall and within regional zones) from immature mice using immunohistochemistry. Growth activity was assessed by size/morphology of the growth plate and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Both
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20480" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.20480</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2007
Age Factors
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Animals
Biological Evolution
Growth Plate/*metabolism/physiology
Hindlimb/*growth & development/metabolism
IGF Type 1/*metabolism
Inbred C57BL
King Donna
Lovejoy C Owen
Mice
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism
Receptor
Serrat Maria A