Advances in breast cancer research have confirmed that this malignancy is not a single disease, but rather a collection of genetically distinct diseases with different treatment requirements. In recent years, several studies have confirmed the…
The idea of using preoperative or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer originated from experimental and clinical observations as well as theoretical hypotheses on tumor cell growth and dissemination. Initially,…
Adjuvant hormonal therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy have contributed significantly to the falling rates of breast cancer mortality. The introduction of taxanes and aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant setting represents recent important improvements.…
Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is an attractive option for many patients with early-stage breast cancer, because it provides a better cosmetic outcome than modified radical mastectomy, while reducing surgical morbidity. In patients with large,…
As sentinel node biopsy has emerged as a possible alternative to axillary node dissection in patients with operable breast cancer, this procedure is also emerging as a possible alternative in patients who have received prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy.…
