Secure cranial-mount intrathecal cannulation - a spinal administration technique in the rat.
Analgesics; Anesthesia; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Injections; Microinjections; Morphine/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Opioid/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Rats; Spinal Cord/*physiology; Spinal/*instrumentation; Sprague-Dawley; Stereotaxic Techniques/*instrumentation
In order to identify an acute spinally mediated pharmacological effect of a bioactive substance, without incurring untoward supraspinal effects, it is necessary to administer the agent locally onto the spinal cord. The procedure delineated herein presents a modern technique to install a stable, permanent indwelling thecal cannulae with a cranially mounted aperture, and details a simple, repeatable administration system. These methods facilitate a quick, noninvasive spinal drug microadministration that is most useful for differentiation of the locus of pharmacological action without the behavioral disruption associated with other administration methodologies.
Schechter J B; Crisp T
Journal of neuroscience methods
2000
2000-04
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00161-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00161-8</a>
Topographic organization of efferent projections of medial frontal cortex.
Animals; Brain Mapping/*methods; Efferent Pathways/physiology; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; Frontal Lobe/*physiology; Male; Microinjections; Rats; Sprague-Dawley; Superior Colliculi/physiology; Tegmentum Mesencephali/physiology
By using fluorescent retrograde tracers, we compared efferent projections of the medial frontal cortex to two subcortical areas: the superior colliculus, a somatic motor area, and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, a visceral motor area. Neurons projecting to the superior colliculus originated in layer V of the cingulate (Cg1 area) and medial agranular cortex, while neurons projecting to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus originated in layers V and VI of the cingulate (Cg3 area) and infralimbic cortex. Thus, within the medial frontal cortex, the ventral portion (the Cg3 and infralimbic areas) may be a visceral motor area while the dorsal portion is a somatic motor region.
Zeng D; Stuesse S L
Brain research bulletin
1993
1905-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(93)90075-m" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0361-9230(93)90075-m</a>
Direct microinjection of cathinone into the rat brain produces discriminative stimuli.
*Brain/anatomy & histology; Alkaloids/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Animals; Discrimination (Psychology)/*drug effects; Discrimination Learning/drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Inbred Strains; Injections; Intraventricular; Male; Microinjections; Nucleus Accumbens/anatomy & histology; Psychotropic Drugs/*pharmacology; Rats
Rats were trained to discriminate IP administration of 800 micrograms/kg cathinone using a food-motivated, two-lever discrimination procedure. Following training, 800 micrograms/kg cathinone discrimination was produced (generalized) by lower cathinone doses in a dose-responsive manner after IP administration; an ED50 value of 330 micrograms/kg was calculated. Subsequently, guide cannulae were implanted into the lateral ventricle and bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens. After recovery, injections were made via cannulae that extended 0.5 mm past the tip of the guide cannulae. ICV administration of 256 micrograms cathinone/rat produced discriminative responding on the cathinone-appropriate lever to the same degree as did the peripherally administered training dose of cathinone. Decreasing ICV doses produced decreased discriminative performance and allowed the calculation of an ED50 value of 90.5 micrograms. Likewise, administration of 64 micrograms cathinone/nucleus accumbens (for a total of 128 micrograms/rat) substituted for the IP training dose of cathinone. These results evidence the central mediation of the cathinone-induced discriminative stimulus cue and show that administration of cathinone into the nucleus accumbens is sufficient to produce these stimuli. Thus, these data suggest that receptors in the nucleus accumbens are important for the discrimination of this psychostimulant.
Schechter M D; Schechter J B; Calcagnetti D J
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
1992
1992-08
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(92)90007-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0091-3057(92)90007-3</a>