1
40
8
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Articles Published in 2021
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Shelley Harrell
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Shelley Harrell
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
Description
An account of the resource
Items published in 2021
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<table width="91" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:68pt;"><colgroup><col width="91" style="width:68pt;" /></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:15pt;"><td width="91" height="20" class="xl18" style="width:68pt;height:15pt;"><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab067">http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab067</a></td>
</tr></tbody></table>
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Update Year & Number
Jan to Aug list 2021
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
When resiliency is not enough: Addressing the structure of a residency program and its contribution to pharmacy resident burnout.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arendt DD; Boyle JA
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Journal Of Health-system Pharmacy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-05-24
Description
An account of the resource
While burnout has been identified as a risk for healthcare practitioners for decades, conversations related to addressing well-being and resilience have ramped up significantly since the establishment of the National Academy of Medicine Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being and Resilience in 2017.1 Within several pharmacy practice settings, low rates of professional fulfillment and high rates of burnout have been documented.2 In the 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Study, only 48.8% of 1,207 hospital pharmacists reported that their work was satisfying, and 22.9% reported emotional exhaustion at work.2 A 2018 survey showed that 53.2% of health-system pharmacists reported a high degree of burnout within at least one subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS).3 These issues of burnout are not just seen after residency graduation. A 2017 survey of pharmacy residents in Tennessee revealed that 38% of respondents experienced depression, and 22% experienced suicidal...
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<table width="91" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:68pt;"><colgroup><col width="91" style="width:68pt;" /></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:15pt;"><td width="91" height="20" class="xl18" style="width:68pt;height:15pt;"><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab067">http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab067</a></td>
</tr></tbody></table>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2021
Burnout
measure
Monitoring
Pharmacy
residencies
Resilience
well-being
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab067" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab067</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
ISSN
1535-2900 1079-2082
Search for Full-text
Locate full-text within NEOMED Library's e-journal collections
<a href="http://neomed.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab067" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NEOMED Full-text Holding (if available) - Proxy DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab067</a>
<p>Users with a NEOMED Library login can search for full-text journal articles at the following url: <a href="https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home">https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home</a></p>
Update Year & Number
March 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
NEOMED Department
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
When resiliency is not enough: Addressing the structure of a residency program and its contribution to pharmacy resident burnout.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Journal Of Health-system Pharmacy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021
2021-02-21
Subject
The topic of the resource
resilience; burnout; monitoring; well-being; measure; pharmacy residencies
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arendt DD; Boyle JA
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab067" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/ajhp/zxab067</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
journalArticle
2021
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
Arendt DD
Boyle JA
Burnout
Department of Pharmacy Practice
journalArticle
March 2021 List
measure
Monitoring
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
pharmacy residencies
Resilience
well-being
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0240" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0240</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
388-392
Issue
4
Volume
47
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Twin anemia-polycythemia sequence and routine monitoring practices amongst maternal-fetal medicine specialists in the United States: an initial investigation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Perinatal Medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
diagnosis; maternal-fetal medicine; monitoring; monochorionic-diamniotic pregnancy; routine monitoring; twin anemia-polycythemia sequence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nicholas Lauren D; Fischbein Rebecca L; Bhamidipalli Surya S
Description
An account of the resource
Background The purpose of this initial investigation was to begin to understand the routine twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) monitoring practices of maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFM specialists) in the United States in the absence of a formal guideline. Methods This study used an anonymous, online survey of 90 MFM specialists who were practicing in the United States. A $5 gift card to an online store was used to incentivize participants. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results All MFM specialists reported at least some familiarity (100.00%) with TAPS. Most participants (92.94%) were familiar with methods for monitoring patients for TAPS and nearly all (97.50%) responded that they use 'Doppler MCA-PSV' to make a prenatal TAPS diagnosis. Nearly two-thirds of MFM specialists surveyed (65.06%) reported performing regular TAPS monitoring for patients with monochorionic-diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancies. Conclusion Despite no formal guidelines, the majority of American MFM specialists surveyed are using routine TAPS screening in their management of MCDA twin pregnancies, suggesting that the MFM specialists included in this study consider it a valuable diagnostic tool. Future research should further explore this possible trend toward routine TAPS monitoring amongst MFM specialists in the United States, as well as the potential value of routine TAPS monitoring in MCDA pregnancy.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0240" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1515/jpm-2018-0240</a>
2019
Bhamidipalli Surya S
College of Medicine
Department of Family & Community Medicine
Diagnosis
Fischbein Rebecca L
Journal of perinatal medicine
June 2019 Update
maternal-fetal medicine
Monitoring
monochorionic-diamniotic pregnancy
NEOMED College of Medicine
Nicholas Lauren D
routine monitoring
twin anemia-polycythemia sequence
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Pages
1592–1599
Issue
6
Volume
37
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Drug-induced acute renal failure: keys to recognizing and treating intrarenal toxicity.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Consultant (00107069)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1997
1997-06
Subject
The topic of the resource
Adult; Female; Male; Aged; Risk Factors; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Failure; Physiologic; Monitoring; Nephrotoxicity; Antiinflammatory Agents; Non-Steroidal – Adverse Effects; Acute – Chemically Induced; Acute – Diagnosis; Acute – Therapy; Aminoglycosides – Adverse Effects; Amphotericin B – Adverse Effects; Contrast Media – Adverse Effects; Drugs – Adverse Effects; Nephrotoxicity – Prevention and Control
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Frazee L A; Rutecki G W; Whittier F C
Description
An account of the resource
Drug-induced acute tubular necrosis is a primary cause of acute renal failure (ARF); it may result from the use of such agents as aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, and radilocontrast media. To reduce the risk of aminoglycoside toxicity, prescribe the shortest course possible, use once-daily dosing, monitor serum concentrations, and avoid using these agents altogether in patients with known risk factors. Radiocontrast media-associated ARF is most likely to occur with preexisting renal damage, especially in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Since sodium depletion is the most important risk factor for nephrotoxic injury with amphotericin B use, saline loading is recommended both before and during drug administration. Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis, another important cause of ARF, has been associated with a number of antibiotics, especially penicillin and ampicillin; many patients recover with the removal of the offending agent.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1997
Acute – Chemically Induced
Acute – Diagnosis
Acute – Therapy
Adult
Aged
Aminoglycosides – Adverse Effects
Amphotericin B – Adverse Effects
Antiinflammatory Agents
Consultant (00107069)
Contrast Media – Adverse Effects
Department of Internal Medicine
Drugs – Adverse Effects
Female
Frazee L A
Kidney Failure
Kidney Function Tests
Male
Monitoring
NEOMED College of Medicine
nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity – Prevention and Control
Non-Steroidal – Adverse Effects
Physiologic
Risk Factors
Rutecki G W
Whittier F C
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200201000-00009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200201000-00009</a>
Pages
40–46
Issue
1
Volume
52
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Correlation of noninvasive cerebral oximetry with cerebral perfusion in the severe head injured patient: a pilot study.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Trauma
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
2002-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Adult; Female; Male; Prospective Studies; Confidence Intervals; Human; Convenience Sample; Chi Square Test; Data Analysis Software; Pilot Studies; Middle Age; Fisher's Exact Test; Pearson's Correlation Coefficient; T-Tests; Oximetry; Monitoring; Linear Regression; Tissue Perfusion; Intracranial Pressure; Head Injuries – Therapy
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dunham CM; Sosnowski C; Porter J M; Siegal J; Kohli C
Description
An account of the resource
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) directed ICU management is recommended for patients with severe TBI. It, however, requires an invasive device to measure intracranial pressure (ICP). Transcranial cerebral oximetry is a noninvasive method utilizing near-infrared technology to indirectly measure cerebral saturation (StCO2). METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed at a Level I trauma center. Data were collected hourly for the first 6 days on four patients with severe TBI. Each patient had ICP monitoring and StCO2 (INVOS, Somanetics) assessed from each frontal lobe. CPP directed care was used. RESULTS: Four patients with TBI, with admission GCS scores of 4, 4, 7, and 8, all had subdural hematomas and contusions; three had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); one had an epidural hematoma (the only death; day 6); two had craniotomies. In the first 48 hours when CPP \textgreater or = 70, StCO2 was 71 +/- 9, while it was 61 +/- 9 when CPP \textless 70 (p \textless 0.0001). This relationship was constant for all study days, with p \textless 0.0001. Moreover, CPP \textless 70 correlated with StCO2 with r = 0.8l and r(2) = 0.66. StCO2 \textgreater or = 75 was associated with CPP \textgreater or = 70 96.4% of the time (95% CL, 94.3-98.5%). StCO2 \textless 55 was associated with CPP \textless 70 68.2% of the time (95% CL, 57-79.4%). Also, 13.4% of observations with CPP \textgreater or = 70 had StCO2 \textless 60, suggesting the potential of cerebral ischemia in the face of 'normal' CPP. The StCO2 patches were user-friendly and not technically finicky. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, StCO2 correlated significantly with CPP. A StCO2 \textgreater or = 75 suggests that CPP is adequate, while \textless 55 suggests an inadequate CPP. Although these results should be confirmed in a larger study, StCO2 may serve as a noninvasive measurement of cerebral perfusion in the patient with a TBI or, at the very least, a sensitive indicator for the need to begin monitoring the ICP.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200201000-00009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/00005373-200201000-00009</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2002
Adult
Chi Square Test
Confidence Intervals
Convenience Sample
Data Analysis Software
Dunham CM
Female
Fisher's Exact Test
Head Injuries – Therapy
Human
Intracranial Pressure
Journal of Trauma
Kohli C
Linear Regression
Male
Middle Age
Monitoring
Oximetry
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
Pilot Studies
Porter J M
Prospective Studies
Siegal J
Sosnowski C
T-Tests
Tissue Perfusion
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Pages
97–98
Issue
9
Volume
34
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hospital Wards with Higher Rates of Antibiotic Prescribing Are Associated with Increased Risk for C. difficile Infection.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Infectious Disease Alert
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015
2015-06
Subject
The topic of the resource
Adult; Multivariate Analysis; Prospective Studies; Inpatients; Human; Retrospective Design; Physiologic; Monitoring; Record Review; Clostridium Difficile; Antibiotics – Therapeutic Use; Clostridium Infections – Epidemiology; Clostridium Infections – Risk Factors
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Watkins Richard R
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2015
Adult
Antibiotics – Therapeutic Use
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium Infections – Epidemiology
Clostridium Infections – Risk Factors
Department of Internal Medicine
Human
Infectious Disease Alert
Inpatients
Monitoring
Multivariate Analysis
NEOMED College of Medicine
Physiologic
Prospective Studies
Record Review
Retrospective Design
Watkins Richard R
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(88)80237-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(88)80237-3</a>
Pages
463–468
Issue
5
Volume
17
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Continuous emergency department monitoring of arterial saturation in adult patients with respiratory distress.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Annals of emergency medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1988
1988-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Equipment Design; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Emergencies; Resuscitation; Oximetry/*instrumentation; Oxygen/*blood; 80 and over; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Monitoring; Adult/*blood; Physiologic/instrumentation
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jones J; Heiselman D; Cannon L; Gradisek R
Description
An account of the resource
Continuous measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) using pulse oximetry has become a common monitoring and management technique in critically ill hospitalized patients. To determine the impact of SaO2 monitoring on emergency patient management, we conducted a prospective uncontrolled clinical trial on 40 adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute respiratory illness, such as emphysema, asthma, or pulmonary edema. Recorded data included hemograms, arterial blood gases, subsequent therapy, and response to treatment. Additionally, the "early warning" capability of SaO2 monitoring was analyzed by recording the severity and outcome of hypoxemic events during treatment. Mean duration of usage for the 40 oximeters in the ED was 1.8 hours; all probes functioned reliably over a wide range of systolic pressures (80 to 206 mm Hg), heart rates (40 to 180 beats per minute), and hematocrits (20% to 58%). There was good correlation between simultaneous pulse oximeter values and both directly measured SaO2 (r = 0.95) and saturations derived from measured arterial PaO2 (r = 0.94). The device detected several otherwise unrecognized drops in arterial saturation that were confirmed by laboratory analysis. Other clinical situations in which the pulse oximeter was found useful in the ED are reviewed. We conclude that continuous measurement of SaO2 can improve the monitoring of ED patients, increase the precision of therapy, detect hypoxemia during intubation, suctioning, and other treatments, and detect clinically unsuspected changes in arterial oxygenation.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(88)80237-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0196-0644(88)80237-3</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1988
80 and over
Adult
Adult/*blood
Aged
Annals of emergency medicine
Cannon L
Department of Internal Medicine
Emergencies
Equipment Design
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Gradisek R
Heiselman D
Humans
Jones J
Middle Aged
Monitoring
NEOMED College of Medicine
Oximetry/*instrumentation
Oxygen/*blood
Physiologic/instrumentation
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Resuscitation
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000000564" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000000564</a>
Pages
132–138
Issue
2
Volume
46
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cardiac Output Monitoring Managing Intravenous Therapy (COMMIT) to Treat Emergency Department Patients with Sepsis.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Shock (Augusta, Ga.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
2016-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
Adult; Aged; Cardiac Output/*physiology; Emergency Service; Female; Fluid Therapy/*methods; Hospital/*statistics & numerical data; Humans; Lactic Acid/therapeutic use; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Physiologic/methods; Prospective Studies; Sepsis/*physiopathology/*therapy; Septic/physiopathology/therapy; Shock; Stroke Volume/physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hou Peter C; Filbin Michael R; Napoli Anthony; Feldman Joseph; Pang Peter S; Sankoff Jeffrey; Lo Bruce M; Dickey-White Howard; Birkhahn Robert H; Shapiro Nathan I
Description
An account of the resource
OBJECTIVE: Fluid responsiveness is proposed as a physiology-based method to titrate fluid therapy based on preload dependence. The objectives of this study were to determine if a fluid responsiveness protocol would decrease progression of organ dysfunction, and a fluid responsiveness protocol would facilitate a more aggressive resuscitation. METHODS: Prospective, 10-center, randomized interventional trial. INCLUSION CRITERIA: suspected sepsis and lactate 2.0 to 4.0 mmol/L. Exclusion criteria (abbreviated): systolic blood pressure more than 90 mmHg, and contraindication to aggressive fluid resuscitation. INTERVENTION: fluid responsiveness protocol using Non-Invasive Cardiac Output Monitor (NICOM) to assess for fluid responsiveness (\textgreater10% increase in stroke volume in response to 5 mL/kg fluid bolus) with balance of a liter given in responsive patients. CONTROL: standard clinical care. OUTCOMES: primary-change in Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at least 1 over 72 h; secondary-fluids administered. Trial was initially powered at 600 patients, but stopped early due to a change in sponsor's funding priorities. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were enrolled with 32 in the treatment arm. There were no significant differences between arms in age, comorbidities, baseline vital signs, or SOFA scores (P \textgreater 0.05 for all). Comparing treatment versus Standard of Care-there was no difference in proportion of increase in SOFA score of at least 1 point (30% vs. 33%) (note bene underpowered, P = 1.0) or mean preprotocol fluids 1,050 mL (95% confidence interval [CI]:
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000000564" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/SHK.0000000000000564</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2016
Adult
Aged
Birkhahn Robert H
Cardiac Output/*physiology
Department of Emergency Medicine
Dickey-White Howard
Emergency Service
Feldman Joseph
Female
Filbin Michael R
Fluid Therapy/*methods
Hospital/*statistics & numerical data
Hou Peter C
Humans
Lactic Acid/therapeutic use
Lo Bruce M
Male
Middle Aged
Monitoring
Multicenter Studies as Topic
Napoli Anthony
NEOMED College of Medicine
Pang Peter S
Physiologic/methods
Prospective Studies
Sankoff Jeffrey
Sepsis/*physiopathology/*therapy
Septic/physiopathology/therapy
Shapiro Nathan I
Shock
Shock (Augusta, Ga.)
Stroke Volume/physiology