1 40 1 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. URL Address <a href="http://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.156.15.1685" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.156.15.1685</a> Rights Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s). Pages 1685-1692 Issue 15 Volume 156 Search for Full-text Locate full-text within NEOMED Library's e-journal collections <p>Users with a NEOMED Library login can search for full-text journal articles at the following url: <a href="https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home">https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home</a></p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Risk factors for domestic acquisition of Legionnaires disease Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Archives of Internal Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996 1996-08 Subject The topic of the resource community-acquired pneumonia; cooling-tower; evaporative condenser; General & Internal Medicine; hot; legionella-pneumophila serogroup-1; monoclonal-antibody; outbreak; potable water; tap water; united-states; water-systems Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Straus W L; Plouffe J F; File T M; Lipman H B; Hackman B H; Salstrom S J; Benson R F; Breiman R F; Baird I; Emerick J; Gianakopoulos G; Herbert M; Parsons J; Anderson C J; Bollin G E; Farkas S A; Francis S J; Gardner W G; Myers J P; Signs D J; Tan J S; Thomson R B; Barbaree J; Fields B; Morrill W; Moyenuddin M; Pruckler J; StJohn A Description An account of the resource Background: Legionnaires disease is a common cause of adult pneumonia. Outbreaks of legionnaires disease have been well described, but little is known about sporadically occurring legionnaires disease, which accounts for most infections. Exposure to contaminated residential water sources is 1 plausible means of disease acquisition. Methods: Employing a matched case-control study design in 15 hospitals in 2 Ohio counties, we prospectively enrolled 146 adults diagnosed as having nonepidemic, community-acquired legionnaires disease and compared each with 2 hospital-based control patients, matched for age, sex, and underlying illness category. An interview regarding potential exposures was followed by a home survey that included sampling residential sources for Legionella. Interview and home survey data were analyzed to estimate the risk of acquiring legionnaires disease associated with various exposures. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that a nonmunicipal water supply (odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-4.37), recent residential plumbing repair (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.10-5.18), and smoking (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.09-5.79) were independent risk factors for legionnaires disease. Univariate analysis suggested that electric (vs gas) water heaters (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.10-3.52), working more than 40 hours weekly (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.12-4.07), and spending nights away from home before illness (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.03-2.74) were additional possible risk factors. Lower chlorine concentrations in potable water and lower water heater temperatures were associated with residential Legionella colonization. Conclusions: A proportion of sporadic cases of legionnaires disease may be residentially acquired and are associated with domestic potable water and disruptions in residential plumbing systems. Potential strategies to reduce legionnaires disease risk include consistent chlorination of potable water, increasing water heater temperatures, and limiting exposure to aerosols after domestic plumbing repairs. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.156.15.1685" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1001/archinte.156.15.1685</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Journal Article 1996 Anderson C J Archives of internal medicine Baird I Barbaree J Benson R F Bollin G E Breiman R F Community-acquired pneumonia cooling-tower Emerick J evaporative condenser Farkas S A Fields B File T M Francis S J Gardner W G General & Internal Medicine Gianakopoulos G Hackman B H Herbert M hot Journal Article legionella-pneumophila serogroup-1 Lipman H B monoclonal-antibody Morrill W Moyenuddin M Myers J P outbreak Parsons J Plouffe J F potable water Pruckler J Salstrom S J Signs D J StJohn A Straus W L Tan J S tap water Thomson R B united-states water-systems