Brainstem Neurons With Descending Projections To The Spinal Cord Of Two Elasmobranch Fishes: Thornback Guitarfish, Platyrhinoidis Triseriata, And Horn Shark, Heterodontus Francisci
cartilaginous fish; central-nervous-system; clearnose skate; dogfish scyliorhinus-canicula; enkephalin; evolution; gigantocellular tegmental field; horseradish-peroxidase method; immunoreactive cells; medullary reticular-formation; Neurosciences & Neurology; north-american opossum; reticular formation; reticulospinal; supraspinal; tyrosine-hydroxylase; Zoology
Cruce W L R; Stuesse S L; Northcutt R G
Journal of Comparative Neurology
1999
1999-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990125)403:4%3C534::aid-cne8%3E3.0.co;2-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990125)403:4%3C534::aid-cne8%3E3.0.co;2-8</a>
DISTRIBUTION OF TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE-IMMUNOREACTIVE AND SEROTONIN-IMMUNOREACTIVE CELLS IN THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM OF THE THORNBACK GUITARFISH, PLATYRHINOIDIS-TRISERIATA
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
Stuesse S L; Cruce W L R; Northcutt R G
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
1990
1990-01
Journal Article
n/a
Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the central nervous system of the thornback guitarfish, Platyrhinoidis triseriata.
Animals; Immunohistochemistry; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism; Serotonin/*metabolism; Fishes/*metabolism; Central Nervous System/cytology/*metabolism
Brainstem reticular nuclei of amniotes (mammals, birds and reptiles) may share a common phylogenetic origin as demonstrated by their many shared features (hodology, cytoarchitectonics, presence of neurochemicals). By studying characteristics of these nuclei in outgroups of amniotes, we hope to obtain clues about the phylogeny of the reticular formation. In this paper we report the distribution of immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and serotonin (5-HT) in the brain of an elasmobranch, the thornback guitarfish, Platyrhinoidis triseriata. Our working hypothesis is that if morphologically and immunohistochemically similar cell groups are present, they are homologous to cell groups in amniotes. Thus we have used mammalian terminology. The dorsal and lateral pallium of the telencephalon and many diencephalic nuclei contained TH+ cells. In the mesencephalon, TH+ cell groups were located in raphe linearis, the ventral tegmentum and substantia nigra. The rhombencephalon contained TH+ cells in a putative locus coeruleus (A6), and a subcoeruleus group. Probable A5, A2/C2 and A1/C1 groups were also located. A few 5-HT+ cells were located in the telencephalon and many were found in the diencephalon. In the mesencephalon,
Stuesse S L; Cruce W L; Northcutt R G
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy
1990
1990-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Serotoninergic and enkephalinergic cell groups in the reticular formation of the bat ray and two skates.
Animals; Brain Mapping; Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology; Enkephalin; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leucine/*physiology; Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology; Neurons/physiology; Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Serotonin/*physiology; Skates (Fish)/*physiology; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/physiology
The distribution of cells which were immunohistochemically positive for leu-enkephalin (LENK+) or serotonin (5-HT+), two substances widely distributed in the reticular formation, was determined in two species of skates (Raja binoculata and Raja rhina) and a bat ray (Myliobatis californica). The Rajoids are closely related to the Rhinobatoids which contains Platyrhinoidis, an elasmobranch that does not have a nucleus raphe dorsalis. Myliobatis was chosen for an outgroup comparison. Most of the nuclei that were 5-HT+ were also LENK+. The greatest number of labeled cells was in the hypothalamus bordering the third ventricle and in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary. The mesencephalon was rich in cells in the ventral tegmental area bordering the red nucleus. In both genera, there were numerous 5-HT+ and LENK+ fusiform cells paralleling the ventral surface of the metencephalon and myelencephalon. These cells were located in several reticular nuclei but were especially prominent in nucleus reticularis (n.r.) pontis oralis, n.r. magnocellularis, and n.r. paragigantocellularis lateralis. The latter nucleus contained fewer LENK+ than 5-HT+ cells. In both genera, 5-HT+ and LENK+ cells were located in raphe pallidus, raphe obscurus, raphe magnus, raphe centralis superior, and raphe linearis. Minor differences in distribution of the remaining 5-HT+ and LENK+ cell groups were found, but these representative elasmobranchs lack a dorsal raphe nucleus which, in mammals, is the largest serotoninergic group.
Stuesse S L; Cruce W L; Northcutt R G
Brain, behavior and evolution
1991
1991
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1159/000114378" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1159/000114378</a>
Localization of serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and leu-enkephalin immunoreactive cells in the brainstem of the horn shark, Heterodontus francisci.
Animals; Brain Mapping; Brain Stem/anatomy & histology/*chemistry; Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Enkephalin; Leucine/*analysis; Mammals/anatomy & histology; Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Neurons/chemistry; Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Serotonin/*analysis; Sharks/*anatomy & histology; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*analysis
In previous studies on reptiles and elasmobranchs, we determined that some reticular groups are either absent or may be displaced compared to their locations in mammals. For example, nucleus raphe dorsalis, the largest serotoninergic cell group in mammals, is not present in rays, skates, or guitarfish. In the present study, we chose heterodontid sharks, a sister group to these batoids, for an out-group comparison of this and other characters. We identified cells in the brainstem of Heterodontus francisci by use of antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, or leu-enkephalin and compared the distribution of these nuclei to descriptions in mammals and other elasmobranchs. The majority of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells were found in the midbrain tegmentum (A8-A10) and the hypothalamus. In addition, putative A1, A2, A5, A7 (noradrenergic) groups were found in the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Serotonin-positive cells were found in raphe nuclei and scattered lateral to the raphe. We identified probable homologues to raphe pallidus, raphe obscurus, raphe magnus, and raphe centralis superior (B8) cell groups, which have been described in mammals. A cluster of cells dorsomedial to the medial longitudinal fasciculus was identified as raphe dorsalis. The distributions of leu-enkephalin and serotonin immunoreactive cells were similar to each other, but the tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive cells rarely intermingle with the former two immunoreactive cell types. Other reticular groups that contained both serotonin- and leu-enkephalin-positive cells included reticularis (r.) ventralis, r. magnocellularis, r. paragigantocellularis lateralis, r. pontis caudalis, and r. pontis oralis medialis and lateralis. Thus, this shark contains many of the major brainstem raphe and catecholaminergic cell groups described for rats, but the relative distribution of the immunopositive cell groups differs in mammals and cartilaginous fish.
Stuesse S L; Cruce W L; Northcutt R G
The Journal of comparative neurology
1991
1991-06
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903080211" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/cne.903080211</a>
Brainstem neurons with descending projections to the spinal cord of two elasmobranch fishes: thornback guitarfish, Platyrhinoidis triseriata, and horn shark, Heterodontus francisci.
*Stilbamidines; Animals; Axonal Transport; Brain Stem/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology; Fishes/*anatomy & histology; Fluorescent Dyes; Horseradish Peroxidase; Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/physiology; Neurons/*cytology/physiology; Pons/anatomy & histology/physiology; Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/physiology; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord/*anatomy & histology/physiology
We studied two cartilaginous fishes and described their brainstem supraspinal projections because most nuclei in the reticular formation can be identified that way. A retrogradely transported tracer, horseradish peroxidase or Fluoro-Gold, was injected into the spinal cord of Platyrhinoidis triseriata (thornback guitarfish) or Heterodontus fransisci (horn shark). We described labeled reticular cells by their position, morpohology, somatic orientation, dendritic processes, and laterality of spinal projections. Nineteen reticular nuclei have spinal projections: reticularis (r.) dorsalis, r. ventralis pars alpha and beta, r. gigantocellularis, r. magnocellularis, r. parvocellularis, r. paragigantocellularis lateralis and dorsalis, r. pontis caudalis pars alpha and beta, r. pontis oralis pars medialis and lateralis, r. subcuneiformis, r. peduncularis pars compacta, r. subcoeruleus pars alpha, raphe obscurus, raphe pallidus, raphe magnus, and locus coeruleus. Twenty nonreticular nuclei have spinal projections: descending trigeminal, retroambiguus, solitarius, posterior octaval, descending octaval, magnocellular octaval, ruber, Edinger-Westphal, nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, latral mesencephalic complex, periventricularis pretectalis pars dorsalis, central pretectal, ventromedial thalamic, posterior central thalamic, posterior dorsal thalamic, the posterior tuberculum, and nuclei B, F, and J. The large number of distinct reticular nuclei with spinal projections corroborates the hypothesis that the reticular formation of elasmobranches is complexly organized into many of the same nuclei that are found in frogs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Cruce W L; Stuesse S L; Northcutt R G
The Journal of comparative neurology
1999
1999-01
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990125)403:4%3C534::aid-cne8%3E3.0.co;2-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990125)403:4%3C534::aid-cne8%3E3.0.co;2-8</a>