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40
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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.12.015" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.12.015</a>
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Pages
458-463
Issue
3
Volume
111
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Title
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Protective Effects Of Ginsenoside Rg(2) Against Glutamate-induced Neurotoxicity In Pc12 Cells
Publisher
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Date
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2007
2007-05
Subject
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Alzheimer's disease; apoptosis; beta peptide; calpain; damage; excitotoxicity; expression; Integrative & Complementary; ischemic neuronal death; Medicine; neuroprotection; nitric-oxide; Panax ginseng; Panax ginseng; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Plant Sciences; receptors; system
Creator
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Li N; Liu B; Dluzen D E; Jin Y
Description
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We investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rg(2) on neurotoxic activities induced by glutamate in PC12 cells. The cells were incubated with glutamate (1 mmol/L), glutamate and ginsenoside Rg(2) (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mmol/L) or nimodipine (5 mu mol/L for 24 h. The cellular viability was assessed by MTT assay. The lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrogen oxide (NO) were measured by a spectrophotometric method. Fura2/AM, as a cell permeable fluorescent probe for Ca2+, was used to detect intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) using a monespectrofluorometer. Immunocytochemical techniques were employed to check the protein expression levels of calpain II, caspase-3 and beta-amyloid (A beta)1-40 in PC12 cells. The results showed that glutamate decreased the cell viability, increased [Ca2+](i), lipid peroxidation (the excessive production of MDA, NO) and the protein expression levels of calpain II, caspase-3 and A beta 1-40 in PC12 cells. Ginsenoside Rg(2) significantly attenuated glutamate-induced neurotoxic effects upon these parameters at all doses tested. Our study suggests that ginsenoside Rg(2) has a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through mechanisms related to anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis. In addition, the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg(2) against the formation of A beta 1-40 suggests that ginsenoside Rg(2) may also represent a potential treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.12.015" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jep.2006.12.015</a>
Format
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Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2007
Alzheimer's disease
Apoptosis
beta peptide
calpain
damage
Dluzen D E
excitotoxicity
expression
Integrative & Complementary
ischemic neuronal death
Jin Y
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Li N
Liu B
Medicine
Neuroprotection
nitric-oxide
Panax ginseng
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Plant Sciences
Receptors
system