Much work has been done to unveil the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis (DM) - mainly those involving certain pathogenic cytokines, termed "pathokines" as the principal cytokines involved. Recently, it has become clear that a…
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disorder with no effective medical treatments available. The generation of myofibroblasts, which are critical for fibrogenesis, requires both a mechanical signal and activated TGF-beta;…
Ultrastructural studies of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) growth plates have shown diminished cellularity and marked distortion of the architecture in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Chondrocyte degeneration and death were noted…
Study Design. An aneurysmal bone cyst in the neural arch of the fourth cervical vertebra of a 10-year-old girl is reported, along with a brief review of the literature on the topic. Objective. To report the presentation and diagnosis of this disorder…
Object. Syringomyelia can be diagnosed in isolation but is more commonly found in the presence of craniocervical junction anomalies or spinal dysraphism. The origin of syringomyelia has been hypothesized to be either congenital or acquired. The…
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by progressive liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis; however, the mechanisms that govern the transition from hepatic steatosis, which is relatively benign, to NASH remain poorly defined.…
Congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus is a relatively common disorder of uncertain etiology with a wide variance of clinical severity. Many theories have been postulated over the years without universal agreement in regard to the cause of this…
The present study discusses in detail the osteological changes associated with sickle cell anemia in children and their importance in differential diagnosis. Posterior calcaneal and specific articular surface disruptive metacarpal lesions are…
