The importance of extranodal extension in penile cancer: a meta-analysis.
Comparative Studies; Cox Proportional Hazards Model; Evaluation Research; Human; Humans; Lymph Nodes – Pathology; Lymph Nodes/pathology; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Meta Analysis; Multicenter Studies; Neoplasm Metastasis; Odds Ratio; Penile Neoplasms – Diagnosis; Penile Neoplasms – Mortality; Penile Neoplasms – Pathology; Penile Neoplasms/diagnosis/*mortality/*pathology; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Publication Bias; Validation Studies
BACKGROUND: The role of extranodal extension (ENE) in penile cancer is controversial and has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of ENE in predicting prognosis and presence of pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) in penile cancer patients. METHODS: We searched related studies in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus database. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were directly extracted or indirectly estimated from the included studies. RESULTS: A total of ten studies with 1,142 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with ENE showed a worse cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 1.90, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-2.67, P = 0.0002) and overall survival (HR = 4.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-16.1, P = 0.05) than those without ENE. Further subgroup analysis revealed that the predictive value of ENE for CSS in penile cancer patients was significant regardless of the study's country of origin, but not in the subgroup with shorter follow-up time (\textless36 months, P = 0.38). Patients with ENE also showed a higher incidence of presenting with PLNM (OR = 4.95, 95 % CI = 2.58-9.49, P \textless 0.001). A stratified analysis demonstrated that the predictive role of ENE for PLNM was only detected in studies with a larger sample size (\textgreater 100 cases). No significant publication bias was observed, as suggested by Begg's and Egger's tests. CONCLUSIONS: ENE is associated with worse prognosis and high risk of PLNM in penile cancer patients. Due to the limited number of studies included in this meta-analysis, a large-scale, well-designed study will be required to verify our results.
Zhang Zhi-Ling; Yu Chun-Ping; Liu Zhuo-Wei; Velet Liliya; Li Yong-Hong; Jiang Li-Juan; Zhou Fang-Jian
BMC cancer
2015
2015-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1834-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1186/s12885-015-1834-4</a>
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the penis: a case report and review of the literature.
Biopsy; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis; Differential; Humans; Infant; Male; Neurilemmoma – Diagnosis; Neurilemmoma – Therapy; Neurilemmoma/*diagnosis/therapy; Penile Neoplasms – Diagnosis; Penile Neoplasms – Therapy; Penile Neoplasms/*diagnosis/therapy; Tomography; X-Ray Computed
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare soft tissue sarcomas that arise from peripheral nerve fibers and are derived from Schwann cells, perineural cells, or fibroblasts. MPNST is an aggressive neoplasm in which local recurrence is common and complete excision of the mass should be the goal of surgery. We report a case of MPNST involving the penis in a 14-month-old boy. This is only the second reported case of penile MPNST without evidence of neurofibromatosis 1 and the first of which to occur in a patient this young.
Parekh Neel; Cockrell Erin; McMahon Daniel
Urology
2013
2013-05
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2012.12.032" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.urology.2012.12.032</a>