1
40
2
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.036" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.036</a>
Pages
103–114
Issue
1
Volume
160
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Sources of cholinergic input to the inferior colliculus.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Neuroscience
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-04
Subject
The topic of the resource
Acetylcholine/*metabolism; Animals; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism; Female; Guinea Pigs; Immunohistochemistry; Inferior Colliculi/*anatomy & histology; Male; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/metabolism; Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus/anatomy & histology/metabolism; Photomicrography; Tegmentum Mesencephali/*anatomy & histology/*metabolism
Creator
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Motts S D; Schofield B R
Description
An account of the resource
We combined retrograde tracing with immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase to identify the source of cholinergic input to the inferior colliculus (IC) in guinea pigs. Injection of a retrograde tracer into one IC labeled cells in many brainstem nuclei. Retrogradely-labeled cells that were also immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase were identified in two nuclei in the midbrain tegmentum: the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT). More PPT and LDT cells project ipsilaterally than contralaterally to the IC and, on both sides, there are more projecting cells in the PPT than in the LDT. Double-labeled cells were not found in any other brainstem nucleus. A common feature of cholinergic cells in PPT and LDT is collateral projections to multiple targets. We placed different retrograde tracers into each IC to identify cells in PPT and LDT that project to both ICs. In both PPT and LDT, a substantial proportion (up to 57%) of the immunoreactive cells that contained tracer from the contralateral IC also contained tracer from the ipsilateral IC. We conclude that acetylcholine in the IC originates from the midbrain tegmental cholinergic nuclei: PPT and LDT. These nuclei are known to participate in arousal, the sleep/wake cycle and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. It is likely that the cholinergic input to the IC is directly associated with these functions.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.036" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.036</a>
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Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2009
Acetylcholine/*metabolism
Animals
Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Female
Guinea Pigs
Immunohistochemistry
Inferior Colliculi/*anatomy & histology
Male
Motts S D
NEOMED College of Medicine
Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/metabolism
Neuroscience
Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus/anatomy & histology/metabolism
Photomicrography
Schofield B R
Tegmentum Mesencephali/*anatomy & histology/*metabolism
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2015.11.016" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2015.11.016</a>
Pages
22–33
Volume
150
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Early astrocyte redistribution in the optic nerve precedes axonopathy in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma.
Publisher
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Experimental eye research
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
2016-09
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Astrocyte; *Axonopathy; *Glaucoma; *Gliosis; *Neurodegeneration; *Retinal ganglion cell; Animal; Animals; Astrocytes/*pathology; Axons/pathology; Disease Models; Glaucoma; Imaging; Inbred DBA; Mice; Nerve Degeneration/etiology/*pathology; Open-Angle/*pathology; Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology/*pathology; Optic Nerve/*pathology; Photomicrography; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*pathology; Three-Dimensional; Time Factors
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cooper Melissa L; Crish Samuel D; Inman Denise M; Horner Philip J; Calkins David J
Description
An account of the resource
Glaucoma challenges the survival of retinal ganglion cell axons in the optic nerve through processes dependent on both aging and ocular pressure. Relevant stressors likely include complex interplay between axons and astrocytes, both in the retina and optic nerve. In the DBA/2J mouse model of pigmentary glaucoma, early progression involves axonopathy characterized by loss of functional transport prior to outright degeneration. Here we describe novel features of early pathogenesis in the DBA/2J nerve. With age the cross-sectional area of the nerve increases; this is associated generally with diminished axon packing density and survival and increased glial coverage of the nerve. However, for nerves with the highest axon density, as the nerve expands mean cross-sectional axon area enlarges as well. This early expansion was marked by disorganized axoplasm and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated neurofilamants indicative of axonopathy. Axon expansion occurs without loss up to a critical threshold for size (about 0.45-0.50 mum(2)), above which additional expansion tightly correlates with frank loss of axons. As well, early axon expansion prior to degeneration is concurrent with decreased astrocyte ramification with redistribution of processes towards the nerve edge. As axons expand beyond the critical threshold for loss, glial area resumes an even distribution from the center to edge of the nerve. We also found that early axon expansion is accompanied by reduced numbers of mitochondria per unit area in the nerve. Finally, our data indicate that both IOP and nerve expansion are associated with axon enlargement and reduced axon density for aged nerves. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that diminished bioenergetic resources in conjunction with early nerve and glial remodeling could be a primary inducer of progression of axon pathology in glaucoma.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2015.11.016" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.exer.2015.11.016</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Astrocyte
*Axonopathy
*Glaucoma
*Gliosis
*neurodegeneration
*Retinal ganglion cell
2016
Animal
Animals
Astrocytes/*pathology
Axons/pathology
Calkins David J
Cooper Melissa L
Crish Samuel D
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Disease Models
Experimental eye research
Glaucoma
Horner Philip J
Imaging
Inbred DBA
Inman Denise M
Mice
NEOMED College of Pharmacy
Nerve Degeneration/etiology/*pathology
Open-Angle/*pathology
Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology/*pathology
Optic Nerve/*pathology
Photomicrography
Retinal Ganglion Cells/*pathology
Three-Dimensional
Time Factors