Oxidative stress and inflammation in osteoarthritis pathogenesis: Role of polyphenols.
Chondrocytes; Osteoarthritis; Inflammation; Polyphenols; Nrf2; Redox
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint degenerative disease leading to irreversible structural and functional changes in the joint and is a major cause of disability and reduced life expectancy in ageing population. Despite the high prevalence of OA, there is no disease modifying drug available for the management of OA. Oxidative stress, a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their clearance by antioxidant defense system, is high in OA cartilage and is a major cause of chronic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are highly upregulated in OA joints and induce ROS production and expression of matrix degrading proteases leading to cartilage extracellular matrix degradation and joint dysfunction. ROS and inflammation are interdependent, each being the target of other and represent ideal target/s for the treatment of OA. Plant polyphenols possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit ROS production and inflammation in chondrocytes, cartilage explants and in animal models of OA. The aim of this review is to discuss the chondroprotective effects of polyphenols and modulation of different molecular pathways associated with OA pathogenesis and limitations and future prospects of polyphenols in OA treatment.
Ansari MY; Ahmad N; Haqqi TM
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
2020
2020-07-03
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110452" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110452</a>
Dietary Phytochemicals In The Chemoprevention And Treatment Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: In Vivo Evidence, Molecular Targets, And Clinical Relevance
acid phenethyl ester; altered hepatic foci; black tea; carcinoma; Chemoprevention; dietary; diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; hepatocarcinogenesis; hepatocellular; implanted; liver cancer; liver preneoplastic foci; model; multiorgan carcinogenesis model; nitrosodiethylamine-induced; nude-mice; Oncology; phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; phytochemicals; polyphenols; resistant hepatocyte; treatment
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and lethal cancers, is a growing menace in modern society. Until recently, the majority of detected cases of liver cancer have been found in the developing nations of Asia and Africa; however, its occurrence has significantly increased in the United States. HCC occurs due to several etiologies, such as alcoholism, dietary carcinogens, iron overload, viral hepatitis, as well as several hepatic chronic diseases. In view of the limited treatment options, such as surgery and transplantation, a critical need exists to examine alternative approaches. The use of phytochemicals obtained from dietary sources provides a novel and fascinating preventive and therapeutic approach against HCC. Dietary phytochemicals possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which are extremely critical to combat the significant oxidative stress and inflammation implicated in liver cancer. An impressive number of phytochemicals have shown considerable promise as candidates for the prevention and treatment of HCC. In this article, we systematically review the in vivo pre-clinical evidence documenting the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of several important dietary phytochemicals in HCC. This review critically examines the molecular mechanisms of the pharmacological effects of the aforementioned animal studies. Clinical and epidemiological studies are also highlighted in this review. Emerging issues such as bioavailability, dose optimization, targeted drug delivery, role of botanical extracts and synergy are also discussed. Finally, current challenges, limitations, future directions, innovative concepts and novel hypotheses for the use of dietary phytochemicals in the chemoprevention and amelioration of human HCC are presented.
Bishayee A; Thoppil R J; Waghray A; Kruse J A; Novotny N A; Darvesh A S
Current Cancer Drug Targets
2012
2012-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2174/156800912803987896" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.2174/156800912803987896</a>
Dietary Phytochemicals In The Chemoprevention And Treatment Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: In Vivo Evidence, Molecular Targets, And Clinical Relevance
acid phenethyl ester; altered hepatic foci; black tea; carcinoma; chemoprevention; dietary; diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; hepatocarcinogenesis; hepatocellular; implanted; liver cancer; liver preneoplastic foci; model; multiorgan carcinogenesis model; nitrosodiethylamine-induced; nude-mice; Oncology; phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; phytochemicals; polyphenols; resistant hepatocyte; treatment
Bishayee A; Thoppil R J; Waghray A; Kruse J A; Novotny N A; Darvesh A S
Current Cancer Drug Targets
2012
2012-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2174/156800912803987896" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.2174/156800912803987896</a>
Oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease: dietary polyphenols as potential therapeutic agents.
Humans; Animals; Oxidative Stress/drug effects/*physiology; Alzheimer Disease/*physiopathology/*therapy; Antioxidants/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacology; Flavonoids/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacology; Mitochondria/drug effects/physiology; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology; Phenols/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacology; Polyphenols
Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, antioxidants - especially those of dietary origin - have been suggested as possible agents useful for the prevention and treatment of AD. This article reviews the role of oxidative stress and the contribution of free radicals in the development of AD, and also discusses the use of antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy in the amelioration of this illness. The antioxidant potential of polyphenolic compounds obtained from dietary sources, such as anthocyanins from berries, catechins and theaflavins from tea, curcumin from turmeric, resveratrol from grapes and peanuts, the dihydrochalcones aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos and the xanthone mangiferin from honeybush, are discussed in this review. The neuroprotective effects of these phytochemicals in preclinical models of AD are highlighted. Finally, innovative concepts, novel hypotheses, current challenges and future directions in the use of dietary polyphenols for the treatment of AD are discussed.
Darvesh Altaf S; Carroll Richard T; Bishayee Anupam; Geldenhuys Werner J; Van der Schyf Cornelis J
Expert review of neurotherapeutics
2010
2010-05
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1586/ern.10.42" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1586/ern.10.42</a>