Buprenorphine Exposures Among Children and Adolescents Reported to US Poison Control Centers.
Young Adult; Child; Infant; United States; Odds Ratio; Patient Admission; Human; Adolescence; Preschool; BUPRENORPHINE; HOSPITAL admission & discharge; ODDS ratio; PATIENTS; POISON control centers; SUBSTANCE abuse; UNITED States; Buprenorphine – Poisoning – United States; Buprenorphine – Therapeutic Use; BUPRENORPHINE – Therapeutic use; Poison Control Centers – United States; Substance Use Disorders – Drug Therapy
OBJECTIVE: To investigate buprenorphine exposures among children and adolescents
Post Sara; Spiller Henry A; Casavant Marcel J; Chounthirath Thitphalak; Smith Gary A
Pediatrics
2018
2018-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3652" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1542/peds.2017-3652</a>
Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011-2017.
dietary supplement; Kratom; National Poison Data System; poison control center; poisoning
CONTEXT: Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia that has gained national attention in the United States for its increased use in the self-management of opioid withdrawal and pain, as well as for concerns about its safety. METHODS: This study analyzes exposures to kratom reported to poison control centers (PCCs) in the United States during 2011-2017 from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). DISCUSSION: From 2011 through 2017, 1807 kratom exposures were reported to United States PCCs. Almost two-thirds (65.0%) of these exposures occurred during 2016-2017. Most exposures occurred among adults \textgreater/=20 years (88.9%), males (70.8%), at a residence (86.1%), and were intentional (74.3%). Among first-ranked kratom exposures, 31.8% resulted in admission to a health care facility (HCF) and 51.9% in a serious medical outcome. Multiple-substance exposures were associated with greater odds of admission to a HCF (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 2.21-3.55) and a serious medical outcome (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.77-2.85) compared with single-substance exposures. There were 11 deaths associated with kratom exposure, including two that occurred after exposure to kratom only. Among kratom-only exposures, 86.1% resulted in one or more clinical effects. The most common clinical effects were agitation/irritability (22.9%) and tachycardia (21.4%). There were seven neonatal exposures, including five experiencing withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Kratom is associated with a variety of serious medical outcomes, especially when used with other substances. More research is needed to define the human response to kratom. Increased regulation of kratom products would help guarantee product quality and safety. Individuals who choose to use kratom should be educated about its potential risks, including the dangers of using it in combination with other substances.
Post Sara; Spiller Henry A; Chounthirath Thitphalak; Smith Gary A
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
2019
2019-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>
Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011-2017.
dietary supplement; Kratom; National Poison Data System; poison control center; poisoning
CONTEXT: Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia that has gained national attention in the United States for its increased use in the self-management of opioid withdrawal and pain, as well as for concerns about its safety. METHODS: This study analyzes exposures to kratom reported to poison control centers (PCCs) in the United States during 2011-2017 from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). DISCUSSION: From 2011 through 2017, 1807 kratom exposures were reported to United States PCCs. Almost two-thirds (65.0%) of these exposures occurred during 2016-2017. Most exposures occurred among adults >/=20 years (88.9%), males (70.8%), at a residence (86.1%), and were intentional (74.3%). Among first-ranked kratom exposures, 31.8% resulted in admission to a health care facility (HCF) and 51.9% in a serious medical outcome. Multiple-substance exposures were associated with greater odds of admission to a HCF (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 2.21-3.55) and a serious medical outcome (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.77-2.85) compared with single-substance exposures. There were 11 deaths associated with kratom exposure, including two that occurred after exposure to kratom only. Among kratom-only exposures, 86.1% resulted in one or more clinical effects. The most common clinical effects were agitation/irritability (22.9%) and tachycardia (21.4%). There were seven neonatal exposures, including five experiencing withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Kratom is associated with a variety of serious medical outcomes, especially when used with other substances. More research is needed to define the human response to kratom. Increased regulation of kratom products would help guarantee product quality and safety. Individuals who choose to use kratom should be educated about its potential risks, including the dangers of using it in combination with other substances.
Post Sara; Spiller Henry A; Chounthirath Thitphalak; Smith Gary A
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
2019
2019-02
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>
Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011–2017.
dietary supplement; Kratom; National Poison Data System; poison control center; poisoning; poison control center; UNITED States; HEALTH facilities; SOUTHEAST Asia; ENDEMIC plants; Kratom; SAFETY regulations
Context: Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia that has gained national attention in the United States for its increased use in the self-management of opioid withdrawal and pain, as well as for concerns about its safety. Methods: This study analyzes exposures to kratom reported to poison control centers (PCCs) in the United States during 2011–2017 from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). Discussion: From 2011 through 2017, 1807 kratom exposures were reported to United States PCCs. Almost two-thirds (65.0%) of these exposures occurred during 2016–2017. Most exposures occurred among adults ≥20 years (88.9%), males (70.8%), at a residence (86.1%), and were intentional (74.3%). Among first-ranked kratom exposures, 31.8% resulted in admission to a health care facility (HCF) and 51.9% in a serious medical outcome. Multiple-substance exposures were associated with greater odds of admission to a HCF (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 2.21–3.55) and a serious medical outcome (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.77–2.85) compared with single-substance exposures. There were 11 deaths associated with kratom exposure, including two that occurred after exposure to kratom only. Among kratom-only exposures, 86.1% resulted in one or more clinical effects. The most common clinical effects were agitation/irritability (22.9%) and tachycardia (21.4%). There were seven neonatal exposures, including five experiencing withdrawal. Conclusions: Kratom is associated with a variety of serious medical outcomes, especially when used with other substances. More research is needed to define the human response to kratom. Increased regulation of kratom products would help guarantee product quality and safety. Individuals who choose to use kratom should be educated about its potential risks, including the dangers of using it in combination with other substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Post Sara; Spiller Henry A; Chounthirath Thitphalak; Smith Gary A
Clinical Toxicology (15563650)
2019
2019-10
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236</a>